scholarly journals Effect of Plant Extract Combinations on Some Bacterial Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-632
Author(s):  
I.S. Obuekwe ◽  
E.P. Okoyomo ◽  
U.S. Anka
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Bryophyllum Pinnatum

Increase in antimicrobial resistance coupled with successful treatment of various diseases with herbal medications has triggered the upsurge in research geared towards harnessing the medicinal potentials of various plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition of Bryophyllum pinnatum, Ocimum gratissimum, Jatropha curcas and Ficus exasperata and their combined antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumonia. Plant leaves were air–dried, extracted with ethyl-acetate and water with subsequent qualitative analyses for phytochemical compounds. Bacterial pathogens were obtained from University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), confirmed, and their zones of inhibition studied at 50, 40, 30, 20 and 10 mg/ml of extract combinations. The presence of phenols, tannins and saponins were confirmed in all extracts while alkaloids were present in all ethyl acetate extracts and terpenoids in all aqueous extracts. Different zones of inhibition were measured with the different extract combinations with E. coli having its highest zone of inhibition with the combination of Bryophyllum pinnatum and Ocimum gratissimum in 30 mg/ml (27.25 ± 1.70 mm). However, the highest zone of inhibition observed in the study was with S. aureus in 10 mg/ml concentration of ethyl acetate plant extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and Ficus exasperata (31.75 ± 3.07 mm). The Gram positive cell wall of S. aureus is less complex and therefore, more susceptible to bio-agents. Antibacterial activities of these extracts are attributed to the presence of secondary metabolites that make them good bio-agents for production of antibacterial drugs. Keywords: Plant extracts, Inhibition zones, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM. LEAVES AND SEEDS EXTRACT ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 276-284
Author(s):  
Garga M. A. ◽  
Manga S. B. ◽  
Rabah A.B. ◽  
Tahir H. ◽  
Abdullahi M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect and identify the phytochemical constituents of Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds extract on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) clinical isolates using agar well diffusion method. The samples were collected from the premises of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. The Seeds and Leaves were collected fresh. They were extracted using methanol and ethyl acetate. Various concentrations from 100mg/ml to 500mg/ml were prepared. The test bacteria used is Staphylococcus aureus obtained from Microbiology laboratory of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University. The bacteria were re-identified using biochemical tests. The bacterial inoculums were standardized to McFarland scale 0.5. Zone of inhibition were read after 24 hours of incubation at 370C.The results of the antibacterial study revealed that the methanolic leaves extracts at 500 mg/ml had effect on S. aureus with zone of inhibition of 20mm. The methanolic seed extract have effect on S. aureus with zone of inhibition of 19.5mm. The MIC for the leave and seed extracts for Staphylococcus aureus was 250mg/ml. The MBC was 500mg/ml. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoid, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, volatile oil, saponin glycosides, and glycosides but anthraquinone and steroids were absent in the extracts. The zones of inhibition showed that both the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts at 500mg/ml were active to all the tested bacteria. ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Mean Range test was used to analyze the data. Based on Duncan’s grouping, there is significant difference between the solvents and the concentrations used.

scholarly journals Assessment of Antimicrobial Effect of Alcohol and Aqueous Extracts of Garcinia kola on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1519-1522
Author(s):  
A. Banso ◽  
B.F. Banso ◽  
A.A. Koleola
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Development Of Resistance

As a result of the development of resistance of microorganisms to older antimicrobial agents there is need for a search for new agents, which are effective for the treatment of infections. The crude aqueous and alcoholic extr acts of Garcinia kola fruits were assayed against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results revealed that the plant extracts possess inhibitory effect against the microorganisms tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the plant extracts ranged between 20mg/ml and 45mg/ml. There was a change in the antibacterial activity of the test extracts on variation of temperature. The results obtained may suggest that the plant extract is thermal stable and could serve as a source of industrial drugs useful in chemotherapy of some microbial infections. Keywords: Garcinia kola, microorganisms, inhibitory, chemotherapy, drug

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Industrial and Medicinal Values of Oil Extracted From Neem Seed

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Pathogenic Organism ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp

Neem seed (Azadirachta indica) is a medicinal plant which is exclusively tropical in distribution. Traditionally India medicine regards the plant in high esteem. The fatty acid composition of Neem seed oil were: Myristic acid (C14:0) (64.5842) as the highest saturated fatty acid ,Oleic acid (C18:1)(5.3124) as the only highest monounsaturated fatty acid, Linoleic acid (C18:2)(2.6041) and Linolenic acid (C18:3)(0.9938) as the only polyunsaturated fatty acid present. Physicochemical properties of the extracted oil were investigated and their physical characteristics indicated that Oil extracted from Azadirachta indica is light green in color with bitter taste, percentage yield of 43.500%, Specific gravity of 0.8943 and Refractive index of 1.4610 respectively. The chemical characteristic of oil from Neem seed were Acid valve (mglg), (6.7320±0.01), free fatty acid (% oleic)(1.8984±0.01), saponification valve (mglg),(58.9050±0.02), Iodine valve (mglg),(16.2432±0.01), and peroxide valve (mmo1/kg)(104.0000±0.02) respectively. The antibacterial activity of the oil from Azadirachta indica was tested against five pathogenic organism and their zone of inhibition indicated that the oil was susceptible to Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and resistance to Proteus ssp. The values in millimeter were Escherichia coli (2.00±0.01), Staphylococcus aureus(5.00±0.02), Pseudomonas spp( 7.00±0.02), Klebsiella pneumonas(2.00±0.01) and no zone of inhibition against Proteus spp. This study revealed that the oil extracts from neem seed is a useful source of drug for the treatment of pathogenic organism like Pseudomonas spp and Staphylococcus aureus which are most resistance to some antibiotics drugs.

Sterilization by gamma radiation of antibiotic impregnated polymethylmethacrylate and plaster of Paris beads

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Trencart ◽  
E. Rodriguez Batista ◽  
G. Michaud ◽  
Y. A. Elce
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Plaster Of Paris ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Pmma Beads

SummaryEthylene oxide is currently recommended for sterilization of antibiotic impregnated beads; however this method carries health risks to personnel and is becoming less available.To perform a pilot study of the effect of radiation for sterilization of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and plaster of Paris (POP) beads impregnated with amikacin, enrofloxacin, and ceftiofur.Radiation would effectively sterilize the beads without affecting the efficacy of the antibiotic.Beads of PMMA and POP were prepared in a clean but nonsterile manner with one of the three antibiotics (amikacin, enrofloxacin, ceftiofur) or no antibiotic. Beads were then exposed to radiation for a total dose of 0 kiloGray (kGy), 10 kGy and 25 kGy. Beads were incubated on Mueller-Hinton agar plates seeded with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa for 24 hours or cultured in brain-heart infusion broth for 48 hours. Zones of inhibition were measured on the agar plates and statistics were performed on the diameters of the zones of inhibition using an analysis of variance.There were no differences in the diameters of inhibition for all levels of radiation for all PMMA beads. The same was true with POP beads with the exception of enrofloxacin which had a significantly decreased zone of inhibition with increased levels of radiation, though the clinical significance of this finding was not assessed. Only beads without antibiotics and not exposed to radiation had bacterial growth.Radiation may be an effective method of sterilization for antibiotic impregnated beads.

Antimicrobial Activity of Crude Extract from Pomelo Peel Against Staphylococcus aureus

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1871-1874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawanit Aichayawanich ◽  
Chakaphan Ngaowthong
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Pomelo Peel ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

The antimicrobial of crude extract from pomelo peel on Staphylococcus aureas was investigated. Four organic solvents including 95% ethanol, dichlorometane, hexane and ethyl acetate, were used to extract the crude extract from pomelo peel. The antimicrobial activity of the crude extract was evaluated by detection of clear zone of inhibition. The experimental results showed that yield of yield of 95% ethanol, dichlorometane, hexane and ethyl acetate crude extract were 0.46, 0.57, 0.25, and 0.19%, respectively. Crude extract from pomelo peel can be used to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus. The clear zones of inhibition of 95% ethanol, dichlorometane, hexane and ethyl acetate crude extract were 7.88, 8.83, 7.88, and 7.54 mm, respectively.

Exploration of Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Antiquorum Sensing Activity of the Himalayan Yellow Raspberry (Rubus ellipticus) against Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honeysmita Das ◽  
A.K. Samanta ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
P. Roychoudhury ◽  
Kalyan Sarma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rubus Ellipticus

Background: Management of ever growing multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria becomes one of the biggest threats to public health worldwide. The situation is worsening due to lack of new generation antimicrobials in the arsenal of the clinicians. Development of new alternatives to the conventional antimicrobial agents is the need of the hour to control the menace of AMR. Plants based products are attractive alternatives with proven efficacy but needs scientific investigation to explore their potential antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing activities against major bacterial pathogens of human and animals. The present study was conducted to explore the antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of leaf, flower, fruit and stem of the Himalayan yellow raspberry (Rubus ellipticus) against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Methods: E. coli and S. aureus were isolated and identified from diarrhoeic pigs and poultry and mastitic milk of cattle of Mizoram, respectively. Leaf, flower, fruit and stem/bark of R. ellipticus were collected from Mizoram and extracted by methanol and aqueous solvents. The antimicrobial activity and MIC was determined by well diffusion method and 96 wells microtiter plate method, respectively. Antibiofilm activity of plant extracts was determined in 96 well tissue culture plate. Antiquorum sensing activity was determined by disc diffusion method. Result: Methanol leaf extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. aureus with 19 mm and 7 mm zone of inhibition at 200 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. Methanol fruit extract also showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus only. Highest and lowest activities were observed at 200 mg/mL and 25 mg/mL concentrations with 15 mm and 7 mm zone of inhibition, respectively. No antimicrobial activities by either of the extracts were observed against E. coli isolates. The MIC of R. ellipticus methanol leaf and fruit extracts against S. aureus was 0.203125 mg/mL and 0.8125 mg/mL, respectively. The methanol leaf (86.60%) and stem (85.60%) extracts of R. ellipticus showed significant antibiofilm activity against S. aureus isolates, whereas methanol fruit (89.20%) extracts exhibited antibiofilm activity against E. coli isolates at the concentration of 0.05 mg/mL. Significant antiquorum sensing (QS) activities was exhibited by the methanol leaf extract of R. ellipticus at 200 mg/mL concentration against E. coli. This is the first ever report on antibiofilm and anti QS activities of the R. ellipticus plant extracts against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SEAWEED (Sargassum muticm) AND FRESHWATER WEED (Spirodela polyrrhiza)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Safa Nova ◽  
Md. Aftab Uddin ◽  
Tasnia Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Sargassum Muticum ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Spirodela Polyrrhiza

Development of new drugs is needed to resist the situation of diseases caused by drug resistant bacteria for public health safety. Natural resource is a big source to find candidates having antibacterial activity and aquatic weed is such a natural resource possessing such activity. The current study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of sea weed (Sargassum muticum) and fresh water weed/duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza) against six bacterial isolates Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas luteola and Bacillus subtilis. The potency of methanol and ethanol extracts of these weeds was compared to determine the best candidate of weeds in inhibiting bacteria. Both agar well diffusion method and micro dilution was done to observe the antibacterial activity. Ethanol extract of Sargassum muticum worked best against Pseudomans aeruginosa (30mm zone of inhibition) and no activity against Bacillus subtilis. Methanol extract of the same Sargassum muticum showed less activity compared to ethanol extract except for Bacillus subtilis where it showed 21mm zone of inhibition. Ethanol and methanol extracts of Spirodela polyrrhiza showed less antibacterial activity against the bacteria compared to Sargassum muticum. They showed no antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus. On average, the extracts impart a significant antibacterial activity against these six bacteria which are resistant to several antibiotics. Even one of them (Escherichia coli) is resistant to 4th generation cephalosporin but still fairly susceptible for extracts. The antibacterial properties of these marine and freshwater weeds can be subjected to develop new therapeutics to inhibit the resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern of Urine Bacterial Isolates from Tripoli Medical Center (TMC), Tripoli, Libya

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Abir Ben Ashur ◽  
◽  
Hamida El Magrahi ◽  
Asma Elkammoshi ◽  
Hiba Alsharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common human bacterial infections encountered by physicians. The risk of resistant microbes is emerging as a result of the overuse of antibiotics treatments. The presence of pathogens with increased resistance to antimicrobial agents makes UTIs difficult to treat. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of the pathogens that cause UTIs, as well as the antibiotic susceptibility of these isolates. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted from February 2020 to April 2020; a total number of 200 urine samples were collected from patients who daily attended TMC Libya. Bacterial pathogens were determined by bacteriological culture methods and Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by using the disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 200 samples, 110 cases had a positive culture. The dominant bacterial pathogens were Gram-negative that being with Escherichia coli (49, 55.68%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (18, 20.46%), Pseudomona aeruginosa (9, 10.23%), Proteus mirabilis (8, 9.09%), Enterobacter aerogenes (2, 2.27%), Citrobacter freundii (2, 2.27%). Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus 20 (90.91%) followed by S. saprophyticus (2, 9.01%) of the isolate’s strains. The isolated uropathogen showed increased levels of resistance to antibiotics. Where the Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus indicated the highest antibiotic resistance to Nitrofurantoin, Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, Metronidazole and also revealed the most sensitivity to Cefixime followed by doxycycline and ceftriaxone. Conclusions: The obtained results emphasized the emergence of highly resistant bacteria to most of the tested antimicrobials and propose the need for physicians to change their treatment pattern depending on antimicrobial susceptibility results.

scholarly journals HPTLC AND GC-MS PROFILE OF BARLERIA LUPULINA LINDL. EXTRACTS AND THEIR EFFECT ON ENTERIC BACTERIAL PATHOGENS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Reshma Kumari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

The antibacterial activity of acetone, methanol, and water-soluble extracts of both leaf and stem of Barleria lupulina were evaluated against some human pathogens viz., Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The highest antibacterial activities were exhibited at 100% concentrationof all the extracts against the bacterial pathogens. Acetone-soluble leaf (AL) and acetone-soluble stem (AS) extracts caused the maximum zone of inhibition against P. aeruginosa, and methanol-soluble leaf (ML) and methanol-soluble stem (MS) extracts against of Salmonella typhi. However, Klebsiella pneumoniae was inhibited by all the extracts.

scholarly journals A Novel Antimicrobial Phenanthrene Alkaloid from Bryopyllum pinnatum

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1456-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatus Ebere Okwu ◽  
Fred Uchenna Nnamdi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Kalanchoe Pinnata ◽  
Isolated Compound

Phenenthrene alkaloid identified as 1-ethanamino 7 hex-1-yne-5I-one phenanthrene was isolated from the ethanolic extract of the leaves ofBryophyllum pinnatum(syn. B. calcinum kalanchoe pinnata) a versatile Nigeria medicinal plant. The structure was elucidated using NMR, IR, UV and MS spectral data. Antimicrobial studies showed that the isolated compound successfully inhibitedPsuedomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicansandAspergillus niger. This result authenticates the use ofbryophyllum pinantumin phytomedicine for disease prevention and treatment of infections.

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