scholarly journals NEW NON-MILITARY RISKS

2015 ◽  
pp. 9-10
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Civilian Control ◽  
Leadership Potential ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The on-line version of the Dictionary of Standard Slovenian from 2000 defines the Slovenian equivalent of the term »risk« (tveganje) as the gerund of the verb “to risk” (tvegati). According to our secular understanding, the word is synonymous with the term “hazard” (nevarnost), which is in the same dictionary defined as the possibility of an accident, damage or something negative, generally unpleasant. In the title of this issue, we refer to the risks or hazards that are of non-military origin and at the same time new. A detailed description of the sources of threat, risk and hazard is given in the Resolution on National Security Strategy of the Republic of Slovenia adopted in 2010. According to Chapter 4 of the Resolution, the sources of threat and risk to the national security of the Republic of Slovenia, with regard to their origin, occur at the global, transnational and national levels. The global sources of threat and risk to national security include climate change, global financial, economic and social risks, as well as crisis areas. Transnational sources of threat and risk to national security include terrorism and illicit activities in the areas of conventional weapons, weapons of mass destruction and nuclear technology, organised crime, illegal migrations, cyber threats and misuse on information technologies and systems as well as activities of foreign intelligence services. Finally, national sources of threat and risk to national security include threats to public safety, natural and other disasters, the scarcity of natural resources and the degradation of the living environment, medical and epidemiological threats and other specific factors of uncertainty (which according to the resolution include poverty, negative demographic trends, vulnerability of critical infrastructure etc.) This much about the sources of threat and risk to national security. But can we actually claim that these are new threats? Not really. Some of them are more recent, but not entirely new, again some other forms have appeared before in the near and distant past and might appear again in a more modern form very soon. Or they might not. Nevertheless, this does not mean that the authors of this issue have not prepared interesting aspects of possible risks or hazards. See for yourself. In the previous issue, Branimir Furlan, promised to provide the continuation of his article. In the second part of his article with the same title Ineffectiveness of the military as an indicator of inappropriate civilian control he thus says that the first part had presented the theoretical and methodological framework, while the second part presents the results of the study of civil-military relations in the Republic of Slovenia, focusing on the impact of civilian control on the effectiveness of the Slovenian Armed Forces. So, what are the results and how effective is the military according to the author? Is the methodology of determining the leadership potential finally the way to excellent military leaders? is the title of the article by Dejan Okovič. He claims that after adopting the Methodology of Determining the Leadership Potential, the Slovenian Armed Forces will have all the necessary tools to introduce military leadership. He states that the social power provides leaders with the ability to lead their team members, while the latter are one of the prerequisites for the existence of leadership. In the article, the readers will find out what tools the author refers to, how to determine the leadership potential, and what leadership actually is. The Arctic is subjected to climate changes, which are revealing its energy, political and economic potential, and are turning it into the new "Orient", says Sandra Martinič in her article titled Energy race for the arctic. The author explains what the Arctic actually is – land or sea, what are its energy potentials, who is interested in them and how they could be reached. The regulation of the access to energy resources by international law will most probably lead to even greater militarization of the area, since the security of resources and the environment will gain importance. Foundering of the Austro-Hungarian flagship Viribus Unitis through Italian military archive files is the title of the article by Matjaž Bizjak. With the help of archival documents, the author takes the reader back to 1918. To be precise, on 1 November 1918, two Italian commandos used an original method to founder the Austro-Hungarian flagship in Pula. Their idea was really something special and its implementation is exceptional. Just before the explosion, they were very surprised at the actual situation, but with the timer ticking, the time for improvisation was running out. Anton Kanduti wrote an article titled Pilot project: military clubs in the Slovenian Armed Forces and a way ahead. He says that there are two military clubs in the Slovenian Armed Forces, namely one in the “Kadetnica” facility in Maribor and one in “Jernej Molan” barracks at Cerklje ob Krki. How do they operate, what are the legal bases for their operation, their purposes, and the aims they achieve? The article presents all of the above and the results of a survey among Slovenian Armed Forces members.

scholarly journals NEUČINKOVITOST VOJSKE KOT POKAZATELJ NEUSTREZNOSTI CIVILNEGA NADZORA (2)

2015 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
BRANIMIR FURLAN
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Civilian Control ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Military Effectiveness ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

Prispevek je nadaljevanje analize o vzročno-posledični povezavi med civilnim nadzorom in učinkovitostjo vojske. V prvem delu je bil predstavljen teoretično- metodološki okvir analize, v tem delu pa avtor predstavlja rezultate raziskave o stanju civilno-vojaških odnosov v Republiki Sloveniji ter vplivih civilnega nadzora na učinkovitost Slovenske vojske. Raziskava je pokazala, da se v Sloveniji uveljavlja praksa civilnega nadzora nad oboroženimi silami po vzoru drugih demokratičnih držav, vendar problematika prve generacije civilno-vojaških odnosov še ni končana. Uveljavljanje nadzora v praksi zagotavlja podrejenost vojske civilnim oblastem, pri čemer mehanizmi nadzora ne krepijo sposobnosti Slovenske vojske, da učinkovito izpolni svoje poslanstvo. Posledično lahko povzročijo nezadovoljstvo vojske ali izgubo kredibilnosti v javnosti. This article is a continuation of the analysis of cause-effect relations between civilian control and military effectiveness. The first part presented the theoretical and methodological framework, while in the second part, the author presents the results of the study of civil-military relations in the Republic of Slovenia, focusing on the impact of civilian control on the effectiveness of the Slovenian Armed Forces. The study showed that the practice of civilian control over the armed forces in Slovenia follows the example of those in other democratic states. However, the issue of the first-generation civil-military relations has not yet been completed. The enforcement of civilian control in practice provides for a complete subordination of the military to civilian authorities; however, it does not contribute to the ability of the military to effectively execute its missions. Rather, civilian control can cause military dissatisfaction and reluctance, as well as loss of credibility with the society.

scholarly journals MONOGRAPH BY BRANIMIR FURLAN ON NATIONAL SECURITY STATEGY

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-105
Author(s):  
DAVID HUMAR
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
National Security Strategy ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Strategic Thought ◽  
The Military

Last year (2020), the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Slovenia published a monograph by Brigadier General Branimir Furlan, Ph.D., titled Nacionalna (varnostna) strategija (National (security) strategy). It was published in the period following the adoption of the Resolution on the National Security Strategy of the Republic of Slovenia (ReSNV-2) in 2019, and at the time when the process of military strategic consideration and the drafting of a Military Strategy proposal in the Slovenian Armed Forces began. The authors of the latter used the monograph as help and support. The monograph will certainly also be a useful tool for the drafters of the next Defence Strategy and strategic planning documents. For those who use and study the ReSNV-2, this monograph serves as a scientifically based tool facilitating the understanding of the processes behind the drafting and the contents of the resolution as well as its positioning in theory and practice. In addition to the book Marsova dediščina (Mars’s Heritage) by Anton Žabkar, PhD, this monograph is the second Slovene work related to national security strategy, which can help us study the strategic environment, improve strategic thought and theory, and design and implement strategies. Brigadier General Furlan begins by presenting the development and roles of strategies in general, and then focuses on the field of national security. This is also important from the point of view of the contemporary application of strategies, when they are, at least in a popular sense, not applied only to large domains and systems, but also at the "individual" level. In the military and defence domains, this is also essential due to the level of military operation. Consequently, Brigadier General Furlan describes the relations between the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of operation. He guides us through the development of these relations, explaining the current situation where different levels are more interconnected and interinfluencing. This is especially important for countries of the size of Slovenia, where most strategic solutions are implemented at a lower tactical level. Additionally, Brigadier General Furlan explains the difference between operational art and operation(s), and provides Slovene equivalents of English terms. As a result, in addition to the substantive gaps, the monograph also fills the terminological gaps. Throughout the monograph, the author devotes effort to using Slovene terminology and substantiates the important concepts and terminology for the development of the scientific field of strategy theory. By doing this, he encourages the use of Slovene strategy-related terminology in practice both in the military and throughout the national security system. The central part of the monograph presents and explains the elements for the formulation of a national strategy, and describes various strategies and strategic methods, the ways to operate and achieve goals. In the case of the latter, deterrence is particularly important and emphasized. Moreover, it has not been sufficiently emphasized in Slovenian theory and practice, despite the fact that any deterrence is better than war. Escalation and nuclear strategy are also discussed in detail. Both are interesting for Slovenia from the point of view of its EU and NATO memberships and from the point of view of its use of non-owned mechanisms. The monograph also presents some specific but essential strategic factors, technology, geopolitics as well as the international order and transnational strategies that should be taken into account when devising a national security strategy. Special emphasis is placed on strategic communications, which is a concept under development, but will certainly become very important in the future. Brigadier General Furlan successfully connects theory, practice and Slovenian reality. By doing so, he indicates the possibilities of putting the strategy into practice, thus facilitating research of foreign works for attentive researchers and users of the monograph. By comparing foreign systems and analysing different authors, he provides many examples and arguments for the necessary professional and critical strategic thinking, and proves (what he has written in the closing) that the strategic process is about "finding the best approximation of the strategy that will most successfully enable us to achieve the desired end state with the available resources ”. The monograph explains the operational strategy and the development strategy. Both elements make up a comprehensive strategy. The national strategy is always a compromise between several factors, therefore the conclusion of the Brigadier General Furlan, stated in the closing, is very important: "It is essential (according to Betts) that compromises are not made regarding the resources necessary to achieve goals, but regarding the goals." By providing scientific substantiation, examples, and the connection between theory and reality, Brigadier General Furlan showed a direction, also to military officers, towards strengthening the strategic thought, work at the strategic level, as well as towards the devising and implementation of strategies. Strategy is generally a way of creating, and for small countries or armies, finding a favourable strategic situation. This search is one of the basic missions of high-ranking officers and generals at the strategic level, and this monograph can be of great help in this respect. Now retired Brigadier General of the Slovenian Armed Forces Branimir Furlan was one of the most prolific writers in the military. Among other things, he was the key author of the Military Doctrine adopted by the Government of the Republic of Slovenia in 2006. We thus very much look forward to his next book, which will focus on military strategy.

scholarly journals VETERANS AND SOCIETY

2017 ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR PREBILIČ
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
International Consultation ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

In 2015, in Athens, a decision was made that the upcoming conference of military historians under the auspices of the Partnership for Peace programme in the Conflict Studies Working Group (CSWG) would be hosted by Slovenia. In cooperation with the Ministry of Defence and with its support we established an organisational committee, consisting of four institutions: the Military Museum in the name of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Slovenia, Institute of Contemporary History, Faculty of Social Sciences, and the French Ministry of Defence, represented by the Veterans and War Victims Office. We would like to thank the Minister of Defence Andreja Katič and Brigadier Milko Petek for their assistance with the organisation, financing, and understanding of the role of the Republic of Slovenia in the international scientific community. This understanding and complete support were crucial for the realisation of a successful international consultation, where we managed to confront an overabundance of experiences and present numerous challenges, as well as ensure that all the participants left Ljubljana with plenty of good impressions and new knowledge, also about the Slovenian defence system and our history. Regarding the selection of topics, which the researchers from more than thirty countries would research and then present at the annual conference, we agreed that this time we would focus on a topic that was not as distinctively military: war veterans. Why veterans? We, military historians, far too often concentrate on important conflicts, battles and wars, where the most important roles are in the hands of military commanders, political decision-makers, and coalitions of forces. With great zeal we study tactics, operations, strategies, and analyse the impact of every possible more or less important factor that influenced either the course of the conflict in question or its results. We analyse and interpret the consequences of engagements, battles and wars by means of various archive materials, revealing layers of secrets involved in what may already be numerous conventional facts... However, when the weapons fall silent, as the stage is once again taken over by politicians and as normal life in its myriad of ways resumes (as war and its consequences are undoubtedly abnormal circumstances), the elimination of the consequences of war comes to the forefront. Everyone focuses on the restoration of devastated cities and infrastructure as well as on the revitalisation of state economies. The militaries of the victorious as well as – even more so – the defeated side retreat to the background. Soldiers, perhaps especially those who cannot continue working in the military structures due to the consequences of wars, become even less visible. Precisely these consequences of wars leave permanent scars on the soldiers. They can alter the soldiers' personalities irreversibly and completely, and often change the way of the former soldier's lives forever. Unfortunately it frequently happens that the soldiers' societal, social and general status takes a turn for the worse as well. Precisely for this reason a number of various veteran organisations have been established, whose purpose is not only to maintain contacts between the former soldiers but also to represent them, their status and their rights, and bring the attention to their unequal position in the society. One would expect that the status of veterans would thus be addressed properly and that further potential marginalisation of the former members of the armed forces would no longer be an issue, but unfortunately that is not the case. Although the attitude of the state towards the veterans in fact reflects its maturity, sensitivity to the vulnerable, and respect of its most meritorious citizens, this issue is often not settled in a manner that one would expect. The reasons for this situation can be found on both sides: on the side of the decision-making elites, which far too eagerly assign top priority to other, possibly more pressing issues; as well as on the side of the veteran organisations themselves, which should certainly operate in such a way as to represent a direct and tougher negotiator when it comes to the status of veterans. During the economic crisis, when the negative consequences almost as a rule affect the lowest social strata most adversely, the situation of the veterans is not much different. The cutbacks of national and consequently defence budgets result in the diminished resources available for the veterans. Most often the veterans are where the financial cuts actually begin. For this reason the discussion about the status of veterans is a very pressing topic, even today. At the same time the veteran organisations are the ones that represent a live historical memory of extreme efforts and great sacrifice. As such they are a living reminder of what wars and post-war events represent. The decision-makers should learn so much from them... And perhaps these sorts of discussions will contribute to changes in these relations. Esteemed veterans, we should thank you, pay our respect to you, and endeavour to maintain the sincerest possible relations with you. As it is, it is a fundamental characteristic of every veteran that they have put their nation as a whole before their own interests as well as before the interests of their loved ones and those of other groups. For this noble goal they have been prepared to sacrifice everything: their lives. For this reason it is only proper and decent that the highest possible quality of life be ensured for our veterans by means of sincere relations and by including the veterans in all aspects of life in the modern society.

Civilians and the Military in Latin America: The Absence of Incentives

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (04) ◽  
pp. 143-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Bruneau
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
National Security ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
South American ◽  
Civilian Control ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Military

Abstract This article argues that civil-military relations should be conceptualized not only in terms of democratic civilian control but also for effectiveness in implementing a spectrum of roles and missions. It also argues that achieving effectiveness requires institutional development as a necessary but not sufficient condition. Currently in Latin America, the focus in civil-military relations remains exclusively on civilian control. While there is a growing awareness of the need for analysis beyond asserting control over the armed forces, so far nobody has proposed or adopted a broader analytical framework. This article proposes such a framework, and employs it to analyze differences among four major South American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia. The explanation for the differences identified by use of the framework is found in the incentives of civilian elites in Chile and Colombia, who have recognized serious threats to national security and defense.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE DEFENCE SYSTEM

2015 ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
ALAN GEDER
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Civilian Control ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Human Capital Management ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Defence System ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
Centres Of Excellence

In the beginning of the year when we were inviting authors to write articles, we were aware that some novelties in the field of security could be anticipated, but were unable to visualize them specifically. Every time we talk about security, defence and the military, we like to mention the global world and constant changes and, consequently use the term transformation almost self-evidently. This term should concisely explain all the complexities of the modern world in this field, but this is not exactly the case. Norfolk, USA, is the base of the Allied Command Transformation whose mission includes education, training and exercises, development of new concepts, and promotion of interoperability among member states. In NATO member states, there are NATO Centres of Excellence for various domains, and each member state has its own military educational institutions and faculties intended for the development of security-related topics, as well as various “think-tank” institutions. The Slovenian Armed Forces (SAF), or better, the General Staff, which publishes the Contemporary Military Challenges, wishes to contribute to the development of security-related topics in the Republic of Slovenia, especially in the field of defence. According to the Defence Act, the Minister determines military professional literature such as doctrines, instructions, methods and criteria for measuring the level of acquired knowledge and skills, textbooks and periodicals. SAF organisational units responsible for the development of military professional literature are the following: J-5 (development and international cooperation), J-7 (military training) and Military Schools Centre (development of military textbooks, manuals and lecture notes). The Slovenian Armed Forces, the Ministry of Defence and the Republic of Slovenia form an integral part of the international security environment. It is right that we provide for a quality development of our defence system so that, if needed, we will be able to help others in the international environment. We need a quality defence system in order to be safe at home. The Contemporary Military Challenges is thus one of the excellent opportunities to present our knowledge, ideas and thoughts about the development of Slovenian defence system. Why do we refer to the defence system and not a military one? Because one cannot do without the other. This issue is something special. Only “soldiers” took up our invitation to write an article. Is this a coincidence? Alojz Steiner wrote an article titled "For better understanding of transformational paradigm and transformation of the armed forces", which presents the various terms denoting the phenomena used in the last few decades in relation to the changes in the defence and military fields. The author derives his findings from the fact that these phenomena have been changing since the end of the Cold War. In different professional and scientific sources, and defence and military practice they have been depicted with a variety of terms that may be synonyms to describe the same phenomena, but are often used to describe completely different ones, which appear quite similar at first. In his article, the author thus provides an explanation in this matter. In his article titled “Ineffectiveness of the military as an indicator of inappropriate civilian control (1)” Branimir Furlan wonders whether civilian control supports or hinders the military in attaining the efficiency necessary to achieve its mission. He promises a continuation of the article, but already in this one, offers an analytical model that enables the identification of causal link between the control and efficiency. But how do we measure the effectiveness of the military? The author has developed his own definition. »Role of combined arms warfare in hybrid warfare environment in the context of SAF's current situation and developmental opportunities« is the title theme of Viktor Potočnik, who claims that the concept of hybrid warfare does not entail major revolutionary changes in the forms and methods of warfare, and that the concept of combined arms warfare is still very relevant for winning a modern conflict. However, it must be understood in the context of a contemporary battlefield, whose main features are cyber warfare and "hybridity". Is hybridity a new phenomenon and what exactly is it? One of the important areas for the development of the defence system is also the area of human capital management discussed by Milan Žurman in his article “Logistics support of the Slovenian Armed Forces in relation to the efficient human capital management system”. He notes that the ambitions and needs of users in the Slovenian Armed Forces to provide modern logistics support do not diminish, but remain at the same level or even increase. This has an impact on the human capital management. In the article, the author shares his findings and proposals. Marjan Zupančič, Karmen Poklukar and Rafael Kolbl are the authors of the article titled “NATO Mountain Warfare Centre of Excellence – challenges, opportunities and interests”. They represent the new international mountain warfare organization accredited on the Slovenian territory. They use the definition by Blaznik that Centres of Excellence are aimed for the transformation of allied forces, increase and improvement of specific capacities, but mostly for a more efficient use of the already developed capabilities of NATO and partner states. In addition, they provide a detailed description of the challenges, opportunities and interests, as promised in the title. We look forward to your contributions.

THE ACTIVITIES OF THE USA AND CHINA IN THE REGIONS OF THE WORLD, AFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF RUSSIA'S INTERESTS. Part 1: country interests and activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Gordienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the interests of Russia, the United States and China in the regions of the world and identifies the priorities of Russia's activities in Europe, Central Asia and the Caucasus, the Asia-Pacific region, the Arctic, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America, their comparative assessment with the interests of the United States and China. An approach to assessing the impact of possible consequences of the activities of the United States and China on the realization of Russia's interests is proposed. This makes it possible to identify the priorities of the policy of the Russian Federation in various regions of the world. The results of the analysis can be used to substantiate recommendations to the military-political leadership of our country. It is concluded that the discrepancy between the interests of the United States and China is important for the implementation of the current economic and military policy of the Russian Federation.

Impact of the Ebola epidemic on clinical outcomes of HIV-infected soldiers and their dependents in Sierra Leone

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Nagel ◽  
Michael J Blackowicz ◽  
Foday Sahr ◽  
Olamide D Jarrett
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the 2014–2016 Ebola epidemic in West Africa on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment in Sierra Leone is unknown, especially for groups with higher HIV prevalence such as the military. Using a retrospective study design, clinical outcomes were evaluated prior to and during the epidemic for 264 HIV-infected soldiers of the Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF) and their dependents receiving HIV treatment at the primary RSLAF HIV clinic. Medical records were abstracted for baseline clinical data and clinic attendance. Estimated risk of lost to follow-up (LTFU), default, and number of days without antiretroviral therapy (DWA) were calculated using repeated measures general estimating equations adjusted for age and gender. Due to missing data, 262 patients were included in the final analyses. There was higher risk of LTFU throughout the Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone compared to the pre-Ebola baseline, with the largest increase in LTFU risk occurring at the peak of the epidemic (relative risk: 3.22, 95% CI: 2.22–4.67). There was an increased risk of default and DWA during the Ebola epidemic for soldiers but not for their dependents. The risk of LTFU, default, and DWA stabilized once the epidemic was largely resolved but remained elevated compared to the pre-Ebola baseline. Our findings demonstrate the negative and potentially lasting impact of the Ebola epidemic on HIV care in Sierra Leone and highlight the need to develop strategies to minimize disruptions in HIV care with future disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF MARTIAL COURT IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT IN INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Mahfutt Mahfutt ◽  
Khairil Anwar ◽  
Billi Belladona Matindas
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Court System ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law And Justice ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military

The position of the Military Court is a body that executes the judicial power in the circle of the Indonesian National Armed Forces to enforce the law and justice with due observance of the interest in the state defense and safety. The Military Court is authorized to try the crimes committed by someone who when committing such crime is a soldier of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, a member of a group or office or body or equal to a soldier pursuant to the Law and someone is not included in the said group as set forth in the Law Number 31 of 1997 on Military Court. Following the reform of 1988, the existence of the Military Court is developed by some activists and the public that observe the Military Court, insisting the Parliament of the Republic of Indonesia to revise Law Number 31 of 1997 on Military Court, with the focus point for a soldier of the Indonesian National Armed Forces who commits a general crime to be tried in the General Court with the reason that the Military Court practice is closed in nature, and another reason is the equalization of rights before the law. The method used in this research is the normative law research that is carried out to obtain the necessary data relating to the problem. The data used is secondary data consisting of primary law materials, secondary law materials, and tertiary law materials. In addition, primary data is also used as the support of the secondary data law materials. The data is analyzed by the qualitative juridical analysis method. The results of the research show that the Military Court is one of the mechanisms that are always tried to be maintained. The outcome from the research discovers that the role of the Martial Court in Indonesia remains effective, fair, and democratic to this date realistically marked by fair punishment within the jurisdiction offended, which corresponds to the need of TNI institution in the aspects of Culture, Benefit, Assurance, and Fairness. It is recommended that the RI Government continuously develop and improve the same by maintaining the role of the Martial Court in punishing criminal offenses committed by military members on the Martial Court system currently in force.

scholarly journals OFFICER TRAINING SYSTEM IN THE REPUBLIC OF HUNGARY

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
J. Chernykh ◽  
O. Chernykh
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Officer Training ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
And Training ◽  
Different Levels

Analysis of the foreign experience of the organisation and reformation of the armed forces in other countries, with the respective systems of military education being an integral part, reveals the specific national aspect of such activities in each country. In the meantime, there are some general methodological approaches used in military pedagogic practice across different countries of the world to be practicably considered and applied. The article examines the experience of officers’ training for the armed forces of the Republic of Hungary. The article provides information on the existing network of military educational institutions for the officer training of tactical, operational and strategic level of military command. Requirements for admission to military educational institutions for the officer training of different levels of training has been given. The terms of military specialists’ training on tactical, operational and strategic level have been defined. The analysis of the content of officer training for different armed services of the armed forces and different levels of military administration has been conducted. We used the system of the general scientific methods of theoretical and empirical research, in particular, the theoretical-methodological analysis of the problem and the relevant scholarly resources, systematization and generalization of the scientific information pertaining to the essence and content of the set objectives, monitoring of the existing system of military specialists training in the Armed Forces of the republic of Hungary, scientific generalisation, the general scientific methods of logical and comparative analysis, systems approach, peer review, analysis and interpretation of the obtained theoretical and empirical data. The general structure of the National University of Public Administration, the Faculty of Military Sciences and the training of officers is shown, as well as the main tasks that are solved by the institutes and training centers that are part of it are identified. An analysis of the concept, structure, goals, content and technologies of officers’ training in the armed forces of the Republic of Hungary shows that the military education system reflects the current stage of development of the armed forces, as well as the national cultural specificity of the country. Education and training of officers is carried out on the basis of national cultural and military tradition. The main direction of officers’ training is their fundamental military and professional training in both the military and civilian fields. The content of the officers’ training is based on two military education levels. Each level of military education ends with a certain level of qualification. It is possible to distinguish the general tendencies of development of the higher Hungarian military school: improvement of the quality of applicants’ selection, individualization of training of cadets and trainees, stabilization of their number at the present level; further informatization of the educational process, introduction of multimedia learning tools. Certainly, the positive elements of the experience of the Hungarian army can be used in the training of officers in the Ukrainian Armed Forces under the conditions of gradual transition to the recruitment on a contract basis.

scholarly journals The Degree of Military Political Autonomy during the Spanish, Argentine and Brazilian Transitions

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Zaverucha
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Political ◽  
Civilian Control ◽  
Political Autonomy ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Military ◽  
Democratic Country

The state of civil–military relations in the world, especially in the Third World, is very well summed up by Mosca's statement that civilian control over the military ‘is a most fortunate exception in human history’.All over the globe, the armed forces have frequently preserved their autonomous power vis-à-vis civilians. They have also succeeded in maintaining their tutelage over some of the political regimes that have arisen from the process of transition from military to democratic governments, as in Argentina and Brazil. Spain is a remarkable exception. Today, Spain, despite its authoritarian legacy, is a democratic country. The constituted civil hierarchy has been institutionalised, military áutonomy weakened, and civilian control over the military has emerged. Spain's newly founded democracy now appears quite similar to the older European democracies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document