scholarly journals (NE)OBSTOJ SLOVENSkE VOJAŠkE IDENTITETE

Author(s):  
VLADIMIR PREBILIČ ◽  
JELENA JUVAN

Kodeks vojaške etike Slovenske vojske (SV) med drugim določa: »pripadniki Slovenske vojske pri opravljanju vojaške službe /…/ spoštujejo slovensko vojaško zgodovinsko tradicijo in skrbijo za ohranjanje nacionalnega vojaškega zgodovinske- ga spomina« (Kodeks, 2009). Pri tem se nedvomno vprašamo, kaj sploh je slovenska vojaška zgodovinska tradicija, ki jo morajo pripadniki SV spoštovati, in kakšen je omenjen vojaški zgodovinski spomin. Časovna opredelitev zgodovinskega spomina je pri tem nujna. Do kod v preteklosti seže slovenski vojaški zgodovinski spomin? Kateri so dejavniki, ki so pomembno vplivali nanj in so posledično opredelili slovensko vojaško tradicijo? Kaj predstavlja slovensko vojaško tradicijo? Ali med dejavnike njenega oblikovanja prištevamo zgolj zmagovite dogodke ali vse vojaške izkušnje, tudi tiste, manj uspešne? Z drugimi besedami – katere so vrednote, ki določajo vojaško tradicijo nekega naroda? Na ta vprašanja bi morala imeti Slovenska vojska pripravljene skrajno jasne odgovore, ki bi omogočali tudi njeno jasno vizijo in bi pomembno vplivali na raven samopodobe slovenskih oboroženih sil ter na njen položaj v slovenski družbi. Žal pa se zdi, da je to področje v veliki zadregi, ki se kaže že v izhodišču – kdo pravzaprav lahko opredeli slovensko vojaško tradicijo in kako se bo ta utrjevala v prihodnje. The Military Code of Ethics of the Slovenian Armed Forces (SAF) states that: » members of the Slovenian Armed Forces /. / – have to respect Slovenian military tradition and promote the preservation of national military history memory« (Code, 2009). This certainly raises a question of how the military history tradition of the SAF is defined and what can be understood as a military history memory. In this respect, time perspective should be considered. How far back does Slovenian military history memory go? Which facts have importantly influenced it and, consequently, defined Slovenian military tradition? What is understood as Slovenian military tradition? Have only victories shaped military tradition, or was it also other military experi- ences, even the less successful ones? What are core values which define a nation's military tradition? The SAF should have very clear answers to these questions. Unambiguous answers would significantly influence the self-image of the SAF and its position in the Slovenian society. Unfortunately, there seems to be a great quandary in the very core of this issue – who is actually responsible for defining Slovenian military tradition and how it can be nurtured in the future.

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Rochon ◽  
Bryn Williams-Jones

Military physicians are often perceived to be in a position of ‘dual loyalty’ because they have responsibilities towards their patients but also towards their employer, the military institution. Further, they have to ascribe to and are bound by two distinct codes of ethics (i.e., medical and military), each with its own set of values and duties, that could at first glance be considered to be very different or even incompatible. How, then, can military physicians reconcile these two codes of ethics and their distinct professional/institutional values, and assume their responsibilities towards both their patients and the military institution? To clarify this situation, and to show how such a reconciliation might be possible, we compared the history and content of two national professional codes of ethics: the Defence Ethics of the Canadian Armed Forces and the Code of Ethics of the Canadian Medical Association. Interestingly, even if the medical code is more focused on duties and responsibility while the military code is more focused on core values and is supported by a comprehensive ethical training program, they also have many elements in common. Further, both are based on the same core values of loyalty and integrity, and they are broad in scope but are relatively flexible in application. While there are still important sources of tension between and limits within these two codes of ethics, there are fewer differences than may appear at first glance because the core values and principles of military and medical ethics are not so different.


Author(s):  
Joseph T. Glatthaar

American Military History: A Very Short Introduction outlines the forces shaping the American military for the past 400 years. Since the colonial period, the United States has struggled to balance standing armed forces with citizen soldiers and sailors. Technological developments and two world wars forced the military to embrace professionalism and its increased obligations. The United States emerged from World War II in a strong position but failed to recognize the limits of its power, a legacy that some might say continues. Recent wars highlight some of the problems of a volunteer-dominated force. To succeed, the American military needs improved communication, understanding, and support.


Author(s):  
Cornelia Vikan

This paper discusses the meaning of ‘respect’ in complex conflicts and aims to be a contribution to thinking about ethics in war along with the Just War tradition. The point of departure is the increased focus on soldiers as moral decision-makers in war, illustrated by the introduction of core values in the Norwegian Armed Forces. ‘Respect’ is one of these core values. However, it is not clear how we should understand ‘respect’ in this kind of context. I use a case where a group of Norwegian soldiers in the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) sought the cooperation of a group of mujahedeen to solve the military mission of establishing security. As confidence between the parties grew, the soldiers became horrified witnesses to a practice of bacha bazi, where a young boy is dressed up for entertainment and sexually abused. My discussion of different perspectives of ‘respect’ in this specific context shows the importance of acknowledging the multitude of moral stakes in a moral decision-process instead of closing the eyes for a moral problem.


Author(s):  
M.B. Magulov

This article examines the historical and military-historical research of Soviet, Kazakh and Russian scientists, the history of the creation of the armed forces on the territory of Kazakhstan, their formation and development. In Soviet historiography, the development of all national republics, especially their military history, was interpreted through the prism of the history of Russia or the Russian people. For many years, materials from this period (from the beginning of the 20th century until the collapse of the USSR) were not covered in the historical literature. For ideological reasons, the colonial policy of the Russian Empire was hushed up, especially during the First World War, when the "eastern aliens" were not drafted into the regular army, were used only in rear work, because the ruling elite did not trust them with weapons. This period has now begun to be viewed in a different way on the basis of new sources and began to acquire new content. At the same time, the author is guided by such a principle of scientific knowledge as historicism, consistency, comparatively comparable analysis and generalization.


2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER BALDWIN

Because my article was not a review of Richard J. Evans's book, but a thought piece on broader topics prompted by his work, it does not stick only to issues discussed by him. What a shame that Cosmopolitan Islanders was largely ignored, as Evans reports, for he raises important questions. Part of the reason for the book's stillbirth is exemplified in Evans’ response here: the self-isolation of the historical profession that is met by increasing indifference from the rest of the thinking world. Evans's concern to draw fine distinctions and quarantine history apart from all other social science is telling. Yes, Myrdal was a sociologist (well actually an economist, but no matter). And, yes, some of the foreign scholars I mention who write about the Anglosphere work on literature, not history as such. Why such vigorous policing of the disciplinary boundaries when larger issues are at stake? No wonder historians now have their largest audiences among the military history buffs while the more adventurous social sciences cash in on our work in ways we spurn. What William McNeill used to do has become the province of Francis Fukuyama.


Author(s):  
LILIANA BROŽIČ

Reading the title of this editorial, many might think that Contemporary Military Challenges have not been published for so many years, and that before there was another publication, entitled Bulletin of the Slovenian Armed Forces. In a way, this is, of course, true. Nevertheless, this year indeed marks 20 years since the General Staff of the Slovenian Armed Forces began to publish its own publication, at the time called the Bulletin of the Slovenian Armed Forces. Its purpose was to inform the internal and external public about the novelties in the fields of security, defence and the military or better armed forces. Normally, in NATO and EU member states, professional and scientific defence-related works are published by ministries of defence, or research institutes within the ministries, which issue publications on defence-strategy related topics. General Staffs, however, publish their own publications, which are typically intended for military professionals. Educational organizational units usually issue publications intended for the publication of graduation thesis of students at various levels of military education, while military museums or related units are responsible for the development of topics relating to military history. Following this concept, the publication Vojstvo (Armed Forces) was published between 1996 and 2000 by the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Slovenia. The General Staff of the Slovenian Armed Forces first published the Bulletin of the Slovenian Armed Forces in 1999. The date written in the first issue is September 1999; however, according to the co-workers who contributed to this success, the first issue was in fact printed in November 1999. In addition to the Contemporary Military Challenges, two other periodicals are being published in the Slovenian Armed Forces, namely, Vojaškošolski zbornik (Military Schools Bulletin), issued by the Military Schools Centre, and Vojaška zgodovina (Military History) issued by the Military Museum, which also forms a part of the Military School Centre. The gap, which occurred after Vojstvo was no longer published, was gradually filled by the Bulletin of the Slovenian Armed Forces, later the Modern Military Challenges, which publishes scientific and professional articles by Slovenian and foreign authors. The name of the publication was changed upon the advice of Editorial Board members on the grounds that the name “bulletin” did not reflect the contents or the subject field of the publication. In the dictionary of standard Slovene, the Slovene equivalent for “bulletin” is defined as a short official message to the public, a note, an informative periodical or newsletter. Consequently, the editorial board undertook the demanding task of finding a new name for the publication and found the name Contemporary Military Challenges. Much work and effort have been invested in the production of a military publication. The majority of those who contributed to this effort were engaged primarily on their own initiative, in private time. Writing articles according to international standards requires order, effort and discipline. Many gave up before they even started to write and, the authors who did write articles for this military publication, in most cases, departed from the average further down their careers. The authors were numerous. Sixty people have been members of the editorial board between the beginning of the publication and the end of 2018. Since 2008, when peer review was introduced, 279 authors have contributed their articles, many of them repeatedly. The one especially standing out is a Slovenian Armed Forces Major who has written 10 articles. The list of all referees includes 103 names. The referee who has contributed the largest number of reviews is a Brigadier General with 54 reviews. There are also 18 referees who have contributed more than ten reviews. The long years of effort have been fruitful and resulted in a fact that, in 2010, the Slovenian Armed Forces publication was indexed in the PAIS International database within Proquest. Consequently, it was included in the list of the journals of the Slovenian Research Agency. For the publication of articles in the Contemporary Military Challenges, the authors are therefore granted 30 academic points. Year No of articles Scientific articles Professional articles Editorial 2017 24 21 (87.5%) 3 (12.5%) 5 2016 25 18 (72%) 7 (28%) 5 2015 21 10 (48%) 11 (52%) 4 2014 25 16 (64%) 9 (36%) 4 2013 24 12 (50%) 12 (50%) 10 2012 26 11 (44%) 14 (56%) 4 2011 31 17 (54%) 14 (45%) 4 2010 45 17 (37%) 28 (62%) 4 2009 42 18 (43%) 24 (57%) 7 There is no need to worry about the quality of the contents in the future, since the editorial board and the editorial council provide a wide range of authors from various fields, institutions and countries. On the 20th anniversary of the publication, appreciation goes to every single person who has contributed to the fact that, even when everything did not run smoothly, the publication kept going and was regularly published. There have been and still are individuals who have contributed more, better and with more motivation, but everyone deserves credit for the success of the publication. In this last issue of the jubilee year, the authors devoted themselves to very topical subjects.


Subject Turkey's post-coup military. Significance Ever since the failed July 2016 coup, the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) have faced unending expulsions, retirements, detentions and trials. The aim of subordinating the military to the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) raises questions about the armed forces' capacity, ideology and morale. Impacts The military's self-image as guardian of Turkish secularism has almost evaporated. A new military generation may have arisen, neither Islamist nor Kemalist but non-political and interested in technology and social media. The military still values NATO membership as the only international organisation where Turkey has veto power. The AKP's defeat in local elections, one of its biggest losses in years, may mark the start of the decline of its 17-year-old power.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ian Walker

Finding balance between institutional or bureaucratic inclinations and professional ones is a challenge for all professions, but this is especially difficult for the military profession owing to its unique role and the unusual pressures that are placed upon armed forces personnel. The military profession is charged with delivering violence for the benefit of wider society and by morally appropriate means. It is unique among professions by virtue of the authorised use of abhorrent methods and a requirement for personnel to be prepared to die in the performance of their duties. The special conditions of the military profession are further underscored by the supremacy of the mission and group over individual, such that at times institutional imperatives can dominate. The cultivation of appropriate professional military character is clearly a very complex endeavour, particularly when members of the profession must face some of the most challenging conditions imaginable. In this chapter, I shall focus on the British Army to argue that although the British Army Officer Corps is a profession, it must be considered a precarious one owing to an ongoing interplay between institutional and bureaucratic factors on the one hand and a requirement that Army officers exercise professional and ethical autonomy on the other. Moral aspects of the profession form the main emphasis of the chapter since a defining feature of any profession is its ethic or code of ethics (Bayles 1988, Oakley and Cocking 2002, Wolfendale 2009).


2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK MOYAR

Military history is often misconstrued as a field requiring little intellectual skill, in which the historian provides little more than a chronology of generals and battles. Analysis of one hundred of the twenty-first century's best military histories reveals that military history today goes well beyond such subject matter, incorporating social, cultural, and political history. Common areas of inquiry for contemporary historians include the impact of society, culture, and politics on a country's ability to wage war; the social, cultural, and political after-effects of war; the society and culture of military organizations; and the relationship between military organizations and the communities from which they spring. While historians continue to devote considerable attention to the conventional militaries of Europe and the United States, many also are studying small armies, irregular forces, non-state actors, civil wars, and non-Western armed forces. Within the military realm, historians frequently tackle subjects of much greater complexity than the generals-and-battles stereotype would suggest, to include the relationship between technological and human factors, the interdependency of land and naval warfare, and the influence of political direction on the military.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
ALEXEY ROMAKHIN ◽  

This article reveals the problem of the role of the religious factor in the formation of the value orientations of the military personnel of the Russian army from its inception to the present state. In the article, the author reveals the significance of the Church in the formation of the value orientations of military personnel. The problem of religious situation in foreign armies is considered. The article presents data from sociological studies confirming the increase in the number of religious servicemen in the modern Armed Forces. The concept of “religious factor” is revealed. The author suggests considering the influence of the religious factor on the formation of value orientations through the functions of religion. The article provides examples of the influence of religion on the formation of value orientations of military personnel from the time of the Baptism of Russia to the present. Examples of writers of Russian classical literature about the influence of religion on the morale of troops are given. Examples of religious participation in major battles and wars of the past years are shown. The significance of the religious factor in uniting the people and the army is shown. The work of officials of the Ministry of defense of the Russian Federation in strengthening values among military personnel in modern conditions is demonstrated. The role of the Minister of defense of the Russian Federation, General of the army S.K. Shoigu in strengthening the faith of the Russian army is outlined. Issues related to the construction of the Main Temple of the Armed Forces and its impact on the public masses were discussed. In this study, the author aims to show the significant role of religion in the formation of value orientations in Russian military personnel. The analysis shows an increasing role of religion in the minds of military personnel in modern conditions.


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