scholarly journals A review on analytical methods for the determination of natural colorants (green) in food commodities and beverages

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 4993-5010
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Green Is ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
Natural Colorants ◽  
Metal Derivatives ◽  
Food Commodities

A wide variety of natural colorants are generally used for coloring food stuffs to make them more attractive, informative and reinstate the original color lost during the production process. However, in many countries the usage of natural colorants is limited due to their low stability. Green is one of the most important secondary colors as far as consumer goods are concerned due to looking fresh and natural. Chlorophyll and its metal derivatives like copper or zinc chlorophylls have been used as green colorant in food and pharmaceuticals. The regulatory authorities and food analysts have adopted precise analytical methods in assessing quality and safety of food products. These techniques mainly deal with determination of quality, quantity, colorant stability, safety and utility limits of colorants in food stuffs. These aspects are sensitively regulated by regulatory authorities as well as domestic and food suppliers. In this review, we discuss various extraction methods that are executed for extracting the chlorophyll and metallochlorophyllins from complex food commodities and beverages. In addition, different extraction methods used for food commodities have been presented. Exclusively the present manuscript reviews various analytical techniques used for the analysis of Na-Cu-Chlorophyllin (Na-Cu-Chl) employed in food products as food colorant.

scholarly journals Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene: Current analytical techniques and approaches for biological monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-187
Author(s):  
Esmaeel Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Biological Monitoring ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Exhaled Air ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Benzene Toluene

Abstract Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) are a group of volatile organic compounds that human exposure to them may result in the development of some diseases, including cancer. Biological monitoring plays an important role in exposure assessment of workers occupationally exposed to chemicals. Several metabolites have been proposed for biological monitoring of individuals who are exposed to BTEX. There are a variety of extraction methods and analytical techniques for the determination of unmetabolized BTEX in exhaled air and their urinary metabolites. The present study aimed to summarize and review the toxicokinetics of BTEX and sample preparation and analytical methods for their measurement. Metabolites of BTEX are discussed to find out reliable ones for biological monitoring of workers exposed to these chemicals. In addition, analytical methods for unmetabolized BTEX in exhaled air and their metabolites were reviewed in order to obtain a comparison between them in term of selectivity, sensitivity, simplicity, time, environmental-friendly and cost. Given the recent trends in sample preparation, including miniaturization, automation, high-throughput performance, and on-line coupling with analytical instrument, it seems that microextraction techniques, especially microextraction by packed sorbents are the methods of choice for the determination of the BTEX metabolites.

scholarly journals Relation among geochemical elements in soil and red chicory as a tool for geographical origin identification.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Marrocchino ◽  
Serena Di Sarcina ◽  
Carlo Ragazzi ◽  
Carmela Vaccaro
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Po Delta

<p>The identification of the geographical origin of food products is important for both consumers and producers to ensure quality and avoid label falsifications. Determination and authentication of the geographical origin of food products throughout scientific research have become recently relevant in investigations against frauds for consumer protection. Advances in methods and analytical techniques led to an increase in the application of fingerprinting analysis of foods for identification of geographical origin. Since in organic material the inorganic component is more stable than the organic one, several studies examined trace elements, suggesting the potential application for determination of geographical origin. Moreover, the studies on territoriality are based on the hypothesis that chemical elements detected in plants and in their products reflect those contained in the soil and, within these studies, the geographical features of the production area, such as the soil type and the climate, are considered relevant factors affecting the specific designation, so an accurate determination of geographical origin would be necessary to guarantee the quality and territoriality of the products.</p><p>In this light, two varieties of red chicory from the southern Po Delta area have been characterized together with the soil. The two inspected red chicory varieties (long-leaves and round-leaves) are cultivated in a well-defined area in the southern part of Po Delta, in an area sited around Massenzatica (Municipality of Mesola, Province of Ferrara, NE of Italy). Sampling was undertaken between October and December 2020 and samples were collected from a randomized field. Together with the red chicory also roots and soils have been collected in order to analyze each part and correlate the geochemical data obtained using ICP-MS and XRF techniques.</p><p>Purpose of this study is to establish a method to identify the geographical origin and the results confirm that some major and trace elements could be used as geochemical markers according to the geological areas. These elements, therefore, could be useful to establish geochemical fingerprints for testing the origin of this product and create a protected designation of origin label.</p>

Analytical Methods in Tracing Honey Authenticity

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Trifković ◽  
Filip Andrić ◽  
Petar Ristivojević ◽  
Etil Guzelmeric ◽  
Erdem Yesilada
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Abstract Honey is a precious natural product that is marketed with a wide range of nutritional and medicinal properties. However, it is also a product subjected to frequent adulteration through mislabeling and mixing with cheaper and lower-quality honeys and various sugar syrups. In that sense, honey authentication regarding its genuine botanical and geographical origins, as well as the detection of any adulteration, is essential in order to protect consumer health and to avoid competition that could create a destabilized market. Various analytical techniques have been developed to detect adulterations in honey, including measuring the ratios of stable isotopes (mostly 13C/12C) and the use of different spectroscopic, chromatographic, and electrochemical methods. This review aims to provide a cross-section of contemporary analytical methods used for the determination of honey authenticity in order to help the scientific community engaged in the field of honey chemistry make appropriate choices and select the best applications that should lead to improvements in the detection and elimination of fraudulent practices in honey manufacturing.

scholarly journals A Review of the Analytical Methods for the Determination of 4(5)-Methylimidazole in Food Matrices

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Panagiota-Kyriaki Revelou ◽  
Marinos Xagoraris ◽  
Eleftherios Alissandrakis ◽  
Christos S. Pappas ◽  
Petros A. Tarantilis
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Food Matrices

4(5)-Methylimidazole (4(5)MEI) is a product of the Maillard reaction between sugars and amino acids, which occurs during the thermal processing of foods. This compound is also found in foods with caramel colorants additives. Due to its prevalence in foods and beverages and its potent carcinogenicity, 4(5)MEI has received federal and state regulatory agency attention. The aim of this review is to present the extraction procedures of 4(5)MEI from food matrices and the analytical methods for its determination. Liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry are the techniques most commonly employed to detect 4(5)MEI in food matrices. However, the analysis of 4(5)MEI is challenging due to the high polarity, water solubility, and the absence of chromophores. To overcome this, specialized sample pretreatment and extraction methods have been developed, such as solid-phase extraction and derivatization procedures, increasing the cost and the preparation time of samples. Other analytical methods for the determination of 4(5)MEI, include capillary electrophoresis, paper spray mass spectrometry, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, high-performance cation exchange chromatography, fluorescence-based immunochromatographic assay, and a fluorescent probe.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Analytical Methods for the Determination of Organic Ultraviolet Filters in Cosmetic Products and Human Samples

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4780
Author(s):  
Izabela Narloch ◽  
Grażyna Wejnerowska
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Uv Filters ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Monitoring Protocols ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

UV filters are a group of compounds commonly used in different cosmetic products to absorb UV radiation. They are classified into a variety of chemical groups, such as benzophenones, salicylates, benzotriazoles, cinnamates, p-aminobenzoates, triazines, camphor derivatives, etc. Different tests have shown that some of these chemicals are absorbed through the skin and metabolised or bioaccumulated. These processes can cause negative health effects, including mutagenic and cancerogenic ones. Due to the absence of official monitoring protocols, there is an increased number of analytical methods that enable the determination of those compounds in cosmetic samples to ensure user safety, as well as in biological fluids and tissues samples, to obtain more information regarding their behaviour in the human body. This review aimed to show and discuss the published studies concerning analytical methods for the determination of organic UV filters in cosmetic and biological samples. It focused on sample preparation, analytical techniques, and analytical performance (limit of detection, accuracy, and repeatability).

scholarly journals A Review of Analytical Methods for Codeine Determination

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Rimadani Pratiwi ◽  
Eka Noviana ◽  
Rizky Fauziati ◽  
Daniel Blascke Carrão ◽  
Firas Adinda Gandhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Parent Molecule ◽  
Opioid Drugs

Codeine is derived from morphine, an opioid analgesic, and has weaker analgesic and sedative effects than the parent molecule. This weak opioid is commonly used in combination with other drugs for over-the-counter cough relief medication. Due to the psychoactive properties of opioid drugs, the easily obtained codeine often becomes subject to misuse. Codeine misuse has emerged as a concerning public health issue due to its associated adverse effects such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and hemorrhage. Thus, it is very important to develop reliable analytical techniques to detect codeine for both quality control of pharmaceutical formulations and identifying drug misuse in the community. This review aims to provide critical outlooks on analytical methods applicable to the determination of codeine.

scholarly journals Modern Analytical Techniques for Detection of Bacteria in Surface and Wastewaters

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7229
Author(s):  
Alexandra Canciu ◽  
Mihaela Tertis ◽  
Oana Hosu ◽  
Andreea Cernat ◽  
Cecilia Cristea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽  
All Diseases

Contamination of surface waters with pathogens as well as all diseases associated with such events are a significant concern worldwide. In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in developing analytical methods with good performance for the detection of this category of contaminants. The most important analytical methods applied for the determination of bacteria in waters are traditional ones (such as bacterial culturing methods, enzyme-linked immunoassay, polymerase chain reaction, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification) and advanced alternative methods (such as spectrometry, chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and magnetic field-assisted and hyphenated techniques). In addition, optical and electrochemical sensors have gained much attention as essential alternatives for the conventional detection of bacteria. The large number of available methods have been materialized by many publications in this field aimed to ensure the control of water quality in water resources. This study represents a critical synthesis of the literature regarding the latest analytical methods covering comparative aspects of pathogen contamination of water resources. All these aspects are presented as representative examples, focusing on two important bacteria with essential implications on the health of the population, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.

scholarly journals A review of current analytical methods for the determination of prebiotics in foods

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-159
Author(s):  
Son Tran Hung ◽  
Thanh An Vu Thi ◽  
Thanh Hoa Mac Thi ◽  
Khanh Cao Cong ◽  
Hong Hao Le Thi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Human Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
The Relationship

Prebiotics are a group that improves the human intestinal microbiota. The relationship between prebiotics and human health has been an area of increasing interest in recent years. Fructo-oligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides are the two important groups of prebiotics with beneficial effects on human health. Besides that, more and more carbohydrates have shown a good potential to be prebiotics has been studied. This study presents a review of the characteristics, properties, and analytical methods used for the determination of prebiotics in food products. Most of the methods found using chromatographic methods, especially HPAEC - PAD but also another method, such as spectrometric methods have been presented. A discussion was presented highlighting the drawbacks of current analytical methods and the need to develop these methods to analyze the complex food samples containing prebiotics.

Proton pump inhibitors: recent developments in analytical methodologies

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehul M. Patel ◽  
Satish D. Bhuva ◽  
Miketa M. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry

AbstractAn extensive survey of the literature published in various analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry-related journals have been conducted, and the instrumental analytical methods that were developed and used for the determination of proton pump inhibitors in bulk drugs, formulations, and biological fluids have been reviewed. This review covers the time period from 1990 to 2011 during which 80 analytical methods, including all types of spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques were reported. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultra violet (UV) detection was found to be the technique of choice for many workers, and more than 50 methods were based on liquid chromatography (LC) and ultra violet (UV). A critical analysis of the reported data was carried out and the present state of the art of the analytical techniques for the determination of omeprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, dexrabeprazole, tenatoprazole, lansoprazole, and dexlansoprazole is discussed.

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