scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of Essential and Toxic Metals in the Blood of Spondyloarthropathy Patients and Healthy Subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1935-1950
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Metal Levels

The present study aims to evaluate selected essential and toxic metal levels in the blood of spondyloarthropathy patients compared to healthy subjects. The blood samples collected from both donor groups were digested in a mixture of nitric/perchloric acid. The metal contents were quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry. The comparative distribution of the metals in patients was significantly different from the healthy subjects. Comparison of the metals data indicated that Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Mn levels were significantly higher in the patients, whereas Ca, Mg, and Zn contents were substantially higher in healthy subjects. The correlation study showed significant positive relationships among Pb-Co, Mn-Cd, Cu-Ca, Pb-Mn, Cr-Co, Mn-Co, and Pb-Cr, while significant negative correlations were noted Zn-Ca, Zn-Fe, and Cd-Ca in the patients. Multivariate PCA and CA indicated mutual associations among the essential and toxic metals in patients, whereas, in healthy subjects, the essential and toxic metals revealed entirely diverse apportionment. Effects of demographic factors such as gender, habitat, food habits, and smoking habits on the distribution of metals in both donor groups were also evaluated. The study revealed significantly diverse distribution, correlation and apportionment of the metals in the patients compared to healthy subjects.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Contents of Municipal and Rural Dumpsite Soils and Rate of Accumulation byCarica papayaandTalinum triangularein Uyo, Nigeria

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Ebong ◽  
M. M. Akpan ◽  
V. N. Mkpenie
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Dumpsites in Uyo and most cities in Nigeria are used nutrients rich soils for cultivating fruits and vegetables without regards to the risk of toxic metal pollution by the wastes. This development necessitated the research on the assessment of the impact of municipal and rural dumpsites on the metal levels of the underlying soils, the relationship between the dumpsite- soil metal content and the rate of bio-accumulation by plants, the effect of plant specie and plant part on the rate of metal uptake. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was employed for the analysis of the samples and results obtained from municipal dumpsite soil indicated the following mean concentrations: Fe, 1711.20 μg/g; Pb, 43.28 ug/g; Zn, 88.34 ug/g; Ni, 12.18 ug/g; Cd, 14.10 ug/g and Cu, 56.33 ug/g. These concentrations were relatively higher than the following concentrations: Fe, 1016.98 ug/g; Pb, 18.57 ug/g; Zn, 57.90 ug/g; Ni, 7.98 ug/g; Cd, 9.25 ug/g and Cu, 33.70 ug/g recorded for the rural dumpsite soil. Consequently, plants grown on municipal dumpsites soil accumulated higher concentrations of the metals than those on rural dumpsites. Results obtained from this study also revealed that plants grown on dumpsite soils bio-accumulated higher metal concentrations than their counterparts obtained from normal agricultural soils. The ability of plants to bioaccumulate these metals were also observed as being different from one plant to the other and from one plant parts to the other. And apart from Fe and Zn which recorded higher concentrations in the leaves of the plants studied, other metals recorded higher concentrations in the roots. The general results obtained revealed that the levels of Cd in dumpsite-soil were above the standard while the levels of Cd and Pb in plants were also above the recommended levels in plants. The implications of these high concentrations of these metals in soil and plants have been discussed. Some useful recommendations on the proper handling of wastes to reduce toxic metal loads at dumpsites have also been highlighted.

scholarly journals Blood levels of some toxic metals in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1- infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Abiodun Emokpae ◽  
Ikenna Mbonu
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Hiv 1

Background: The introduction of antiretroviral therapy has reduced the mortality rate and increased the average life-expectancy of HIV-infected population. Infection probably due to the combination of the effects of environmental exposures and chronic inflammation and the role of mpact in infected individuals have been under-reported. Objective: To compare the plasma levels of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and nickel (Ni) in HIV 1 –positive subjects receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy treatment (HAART) and treatment-naïve subjects. Methods: The 300 study participants comprised 100 confirmed HIV-1 positive individuals on HAART, 100 HIV-1 positive HAART-naïve and 100 HIV-1 negative controls. Plasma levels of toxic metals were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (Agilent 7500, Norwalk, USA). Results: Plasma levels of toxic metals were significantly higher among HIV-infected subjects than controls (p <0.001), with only Cadmium concentration being significantly higher (p = 0.05) among the HAART-treated subjects than HAART-naïve subjects. Conclusion: High toxic metal levels may lead to increased oxidative stress and adverse prognostic outcomes. Periodic evaluation of the blood levels of some toxic metals in HIV-1 infected individual is suggested and preventive strategies against environmental pollution should be adopted.

scholarly journals Correlation Analysis of Toxic Metals Distribution and Pollution Indices in Soil, Beans and Maize Samples of Kano State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
A. J. Alhassan ◽  
I. U. Muhammad ◽  
M. S. Sule ◽  
M. A. Dangambo ◽  
A. M. Gadanya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Potential Health

Correlational study and evaluation of pollution indices of toxic metals distribution in soil and crops of a population are imperative for assessing the risk of chronic diseases associated with these metals. Correlational analysis for the distribution of; lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and mercury (Hg) in soil (S), bean (B) and maize (M) was conducted around Bunkure (BKR), Danbatta (DBT), Gwarzo (GRZ), Ungogo (UGG) and Wudil (WDL) as sampling zones around Kano State, Nigeria. The samples were collected from farm harvests in each of the sampling zones. The metal concentration was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results in mg/kg across the local governments indicate respective ranges for Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr of; 0.33 - 3.13, 0.14 - 0.84, 0.02 - 0.05 and 0.01- 0.49 in soil, 0.04-4.23, 0.06-0.23, 0.02-0.04 and 0.00-0.10 in maize and 0.20-4.23, 0.16-0.19, 0.03-0.04 and 0.00-0.03 in beans. Although with the exception of mercury, the ranges of the toxic metals are within the tolerable range set by International Standard Tolerable Limits and European Regulatory Standard. Potential hazard may be speculated because the detected levels are on higher tolerable ranges. A higher level of mercury in almost all the samples indicates potential hazards associated with human activities in those areas. A strong positive correlation between soils samples in respect to the level of some of the toxic metal may suggest a common nature of the soil, while the negative correlation may be due to variation in agrochemicals in-use. For the pollution load index, Wudil had the highest soil pollution load index for Hg (3.13 ± 0.16), Cd (1.6×10-2 ± 0.01) and Cr (4.9×10-3 ± 0.01), while Ungogo had the highest pollution load for Pb. Also, all grains within the study zones exhibited a positive transfer factor, except Cr in Bunkure, Danbatta and Gwarzo. It may be concluded that crops grown in those areas may bioaccumulate some of these toxic metals, thereby incorporating them into the food chain, hence potential health risk.

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of Trace Elements in the Blood of Gastric Cancer Patients and Healthy Subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 10824-10843
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Trace Elemental ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients

Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most common malignancies globally, particularly in developing countries. Environmental contaminants such as trace elements are known to involve in a plethora of diseases, including cancer. The present study was carried out to find out the imbalances in trace elemental levels (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in the blood of GC patients in comparison with and healthy donors. The blood samples were digested in a nitric acid-perchloric acid mixture. The elemental levels were quantified by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Significantly lower concentrations of zinc, iron, lead, cadmium, and chromium were found in the blood of GC patients than the controls. A correlation study revealed diverse relationships among the elements in the blood of cancerous patients and controls. Considerable variations in the elemental concentrations were observed with the gender, food habits, habitat, and smoking habits of the donors. Elemental contents revealed significant differences with the stages (I, II, III & IV) and types (adenocarcinoma & gastrointestinal stromal tumor) of GC patients. Multivariate analysis exhibited significantly divergent apportionment of the patients' elemental levels and healthy subjects, which may be linked with the altered metabolism of the elements in GC patients.

Assessment of trace metals and physicochemical parameters of commercially available honey in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Mean Concentration

Trace metal contents and quality parameters (physicochemical properties) such as pH, electrical conductivity and ash content of four Ethiopian honeys were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry, pH-meter, conductivity meter and ashing, respectively. The optimized wet digestion method for honey analysis was found efficient for the metals determined and it was validated through the recovery experiment and a good percentage recovery was obtained (93-104%). Fe was found in highest amount with mean concentration ranging from 5.37 to 12.4 μg/g followed by Ni with mean concentration range of 0.80 to 4.46 μg/g, Cr (1.20-4.33 μg/g), Zn (1.92-4.22 μg/g), Co (0.60-1.17 μg/g), Mn (0.16-0.89 μg/g), Cd (ND-0.69 μg/g) and Cu (0.09-0.47 μg/g). The toxic metal Pb was not detected. The ranges of physicochemical properties determined were summarized as: pH 4.11-4.33, electrical conductivity of 0.10-0.29 mscm-1 and ash content 0.17-0.46%. The metals content and the physicochemical properties investigated in honey samples were found within the ranges established by national and international standards.

scholarly journals Pollution characteristics of toxic metals in topsoil of small and medium-sized cities in mountainous areas of loess plateau in china——A case study of Guyuan

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 03034
Author(s):  
Gui Ma ◽  
Xinning Han ◽  
Wenxia Zhao ◽  
Jiangping Cao ◽  
Meiyuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Urban Topsoil

Urban soils are subjected to large number of pollutants (including toxic metals). This study investigated the urban soil environmental quality of Guyuan (a typical mountainous city in the Loess Plateau of northwestern China) by determining the concentrations of eight toxic metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Mn, and Co) in urban topsoil as well as their potential sources. The toxic metal contents in the urban topsoil of Guyuan were generally less than those of other cities in northwestern China. Majority of the metals were highly concentrated in commercial and residential areas at the centre of Guyuan and the industrial region in southeastern Guyuan. The results of our study can contribute towards controlling, managing, and preventing soil pollution, as well as implementing safe layouts for the development of mountainous cities from the planning stage itself.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potential of Freshwater Macrophytes for Treating Dye-Containing Wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Karunakaran Gowri Ahila ◽  
Balasubramani Ravindran ◽  
Vasanthy Muthunarayanan ◽  
Dinh Duc Nguyen ◽  
Xuan Cuong Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Dyeing Effluent

Phytoremediation is a promising green technology for the remediation of various industrial effluents. Notably, aquatic plants are widely applied to remove dyes and toxic metals from polluted environments. In the present study, the phytoremediation potency of aquatic macrophytes such as Pistia stratiotes L, Salvinia adnata Desv, and Hydrilla verticillata (L.f) Royle were assessed based on the removal capability of pollutants from dyeing effluent. Physicochemical characterizations were carried out for industrial wastewater collected from a cotton material dyeing unit located in the Karur District of Tamilnadu, India. The physicochemical characteristics of the dyeing effluent, such as color, odor, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, acidity, chloride, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, chemical oxygen demand (COD), fluoride, and toxic metal levels were determined. The core parameters such as total dissolved solid (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and chloride level were determined and found to be 6500 mg/L, 2400 mg/L, and 2050 mg/L, respectively, which exceeded the regulatory limit prescribed by the Central Pollution Control Board of India. The levels of toxic metals such as Hg, Ni, and Zn were under the acceptable concentration but Cr and Pb levels in the dyeing effluent were a little bit higher. The effluent was subjected to treatment with Pistia stratiotes L, Salvinia adnata Desv and Hydrilla verticillata (L.f) Royle separately. After the treatment, the toxic metal results were recorded as below detectable levels and the same results were obtained for all three aquatic plants samples used for treatment. Among the three plants, P. stratiotes L efficiently removed 86% of color, 66% of TDS, 77% of COD, and 61.33% of chloride. The variation in phytochemicals of the macrophytes was studied before and after treatment using GC–MS which revealed the reduction of ascorbic acid in the plant samples. The toxic effect of treated effluent was investigated by irrigating an ornamental plant, Impatiens balsamina L. The plant biomass P. stratiotes L obtained after the treatment process was subjected to manure production and its nutrient quality was proved, which can be applied as a soil conditioner. Among the aquatic plants, the results of P. stratiotes L indicated a higher remediation potential, which can be used as an ecologically benign method for treatment of industrial effluents and water bodies contaminated with dyeing effluents.

Stability of antioxidant vitamins in whole human blood during overnight storage at 4°C and frozen storage up to 6 months

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Leonard ◽  
Gerd Bobe ◽  
Maret G. Traber
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Plasma Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sample Handling

Abstract. To determine optimal conditions for blood collection during clinical trials, where sample handling logistics might preclude prompt separation of erythrocytes from plasma, healthy subjects (n=8, 6 M/2F) were recruited and non-fasting blood samples were collected into tubes containing different anticoagulants (ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), Li-heparin or Na-heparin). We hypothesized that heparin, but not EDTA, would effectively protect plasma tocopherols, ascorbic acid, and vitamin E catabolites (α- and γ-CEHC) from oxidative damage. To test this hypothesis, one set of tubes was processed immediately and plasma samples were stored at −80°C, while the other set was stored at 4°C and processed the following morning (~30 hours) and analyzed, or the samples were analyzed after 6 months of storage. Plasma ascorbic acid, as measured using HPLC with electrochemical detection (LC-ECD) decreased by 75% with overnight storage using EDTA as an anticoagulant, but was unchanged when heparin was used. Neither time prior to processing, nor anticoagulant, had any significant effects upon plasma α- or γ-tocopherols or α- or γ-CEHC concentrations. α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations remained unchanged after 6 months of storage at −80°C, when measured using either LC-ECD or LC/mass spectrometry. Thus, refrigeration of whole blood at 4°C overnight does not change plasma α- or γ-tocopherol concentrations or their catabolites. Ascorbic acid is unstable in whole blood when EDTA is used as an anticoagulant, but when whole blood is collected with heparin, it can be stored overnight and subsequently processed.

Levels of selected metals in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) leaves cultivated in four different areas of Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Good Percentage ◽  
Coriander Leaves

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is one of the herbs which is used for medicinal and food purposes. In the present study the levels of selected metals in coriander leaves were determined in the samples collected from four different farmlands (Sebeta, Mekanisa, Holeta and Gefersa) in Ethiopia where its cultivation is common. The levels of metals were determined after digestion of samples with the mixture of 4 mL of HNO3 and 4 mL of HClO4 at 300 oC for 3:00 hours by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimized wet digestion method for coriander leaves analysis was validated through the recovery experiment and a good percentage recovery was obtained (93.2-101%). The levels of metals were found in the range Ca, 2319–3503 mg/kg; Zn, 33.4–54.8 mg/kg and Cr, 5.55-9.86 mg/kg while the trace metals Cu, Ni, Cd and Pb were too low to be detected. The results indicated that Ethiopian coriander is a good source of essential metals and free from the toxic metals Pb and Cd. A statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% confidence level indicated that there is significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) in the levels of all detected metals between the four sample means. The Pearson correlation was used to predict the dependence of metal levels on one another. The levels of the metals determined in this study compared well with those reported for coriander leaves from some other parts of the world.

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