scholarly journals Antibacterial, Antiviral, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activities of Postbiotics: A review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 2629-2645
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Improve Health

Several scientific evidence has shown the advantageous effects of probiotic-derived metabolites on human health. Postbiotics are a wide range of bioactive compounds derived from probiotics through a fermentation process and/or produced in pure forms in laboratory scales. These compounds have native biological activities that have been extensively studied in recent years. Immunomodulation, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and reduction of food allergies compose the most important biological roles of postbiotics. In terms of safety, it has been confirmed that postbiotics, as potential substitute elements, might be superior to their parent live cells. Also, due to their appropriate economic, technological, and clinical features, they could be employed as favorable apparatuses in the food and drug industry to improve health benefits. This review comprehensively discusses the concept of postbiotics and their characteristics, emphasizing their potential antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.

Flavonoids from marine-derived actinobacteria as anticancer drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael N. Hozzein ◽  
Mohamed Mohany ◽  
Sana M.M. Alhawsawi ◽  
Mohamed Y. Zaky ◽  
Salim S. Al-Rejaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Marine Actinobacteria ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer

: Flavonoids represent a large diverse group of natural products that are used as a traditional medicine against various infectious diseases. They possess many biological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-diabetic. Commercially Flavonoids are mainly obtained from plants, however, several challenges faced that production. Microorganisms have been known as natural sources of a wide range of bioactive compounds including flavonoids. Actinobacteria are the most prolific group of microorganisms for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites hold many advantages for the production of flavonoids. The screening programs for bioactive compounds revealed the potential application of actinobacteria to produce flavonoids with interesting biological activities, especially anticancer activities. Since marine actinobacteria are recognized as a potential source of novel anticancer agents, they are highly expected to be potential producers of anticancer flavonoids with unusual structures and properties. In this review, we highlight the production of flavonoids by actinobacteria through classical fermentation, engineering of plant biosynthetic genes in a recombinant actinobacterium and the de novo biosynthesis approach. Through these approaches we can control and improve the production of interesting flavonoids or their derivatives for cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Black Garlic and Its Bioactive Compounds on Human Health Diseases: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 5028
Author(s):  
Tanvir Ahmed ◽  
Chin-Kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Black garlic (BG) is a form of aged garlic obtained from raw garlic (Allium sativum) via Millard reaction under high temperature (60–90 °C) and humidity (70–90%) for a period of time. Several studies reported higher contents of water-soluble antioxidants compounds (S-allyl cysteine, S-allyl-mercapto cysteine), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, organosulfur compounds, polyphenol, volatile compounds, and products of other Millard reactions compared to fresh garlic after the thermal processing. Recent studies have demonstrated that BG and its bioactive compounds possess a wide range of biological activities and pharmacological properties that preserve and show better efficacy in preventing different types of diseases. Most of these benefits can be attributed to its anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, hepatoprotection, hypolipidemia, anti-cancer, anti-allergy, immunomodulation, nephroprotection, cardiovascular protection, and neuroprotection. Substantial studies have been conducted on BG and its components against different common human diseases in the last few decades. Still, a lot of research is ongoing to find out the therapeutic effects of BG. Thus, in this review, we summarized the pre-clinical and clinical studies of BG and its bioactive compounds on human health along with diverse bioactivity, a related mode of action, and also future challenges.

Structure and Activity of Pentacyclic Triterpenes Codrugs. A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Żwawiak ◽  
Anna Pawełczyk ◽  
Dorota Olender ◽  
Lucjusz Zaprutko
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Drug Molecule ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpene ◽  
Formation Pathway ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Structure And Activity

: Triterpenes are a wide and important group of compounds that have several promising pharmacological properties, such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, antioxidant, or anticancer activities. Such potent substances can be successfully incorporated in more complex chemical systems e.g. codrugs or pro-drugs that have better pharmacological profile. The codrug is connected with a drug formation pathway to chemically cohere at least two drug molecules to improve positive therapeutic efficiency or decrease side effects. The codrug can be cleaved in the organism to generate effective compounds previously used as substrates. This article presents an overview of codrugs that consist of pentacyclic triterpene moiety that is chosen as a basic codrug moiety due to their wide range of vital activities and another drug molecule fragment. It was found that triterpenoid codrugs are characterized by a wide range of biological activities. However, most of them have anticancer potency.

scholarly journals A Newfangled Collagenase Inhibitor Topical Formulation Based on Ethosomes with Sambucus nigra L. Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Ana Henriques Mota ◽  
Inês Prazeres ◽  
Henrique Mestre ◽  
Andreia Bento-Silva ◽  
Maria João Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Topical Formulation ◽  
Sambucus Nigra ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Sambucus nigra L. (S. nigra) is a shrub widespread in Europe and western Asia, traditionally used in medicine, that has become popular in recent years as a potential source of a wide range of interesting bioactive compounds. The aim of the present work was to develop a topical S. nigra extract formulation based on ethosomes and thus to support its health claims with scientific evidence. S. nigra extract was prepared by an ultrasound-assisted method and then included in ethosomes. The ethosomes were analyzed in terms of their size, stability over time, morphology, entrapment capacity (EC), extract release profile, stability over time and several biological activities. The prepared ethosomes were indicated to be well defined, presenting sizes around 600 nm. The extract entrapment capacity in ethosomes was 73.9 ± 24.8%, with an interesting slow extract release profile over 24 h. The extract-loaded ethosomes presented collagenase inhibition activity and a very good skin compatibility after human application. This study demonstrates the potential use of S. nigra extract incorporated in ethosomes as a potential cosmeceutical ingredient and on further studies should be performed to better understand the impact of S. nigra compounds on skin care over the time.

Synthesis and characterization of a new series of thiadiazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulviye Acar Çevik ◽  
Derya Osmaniye ◽  
Serkan Levent ◽  
Begüm Nurpelin Sağlik ◽  
Betül Kaya Çavuşoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thiadiazole Derivatives ◽  
Low Efficiency

AbstractCancer is one of the most common causes of death in the world. Despite the importance of combating cancer in healthcare systems and research centers, toxicity in normal tissues and the low efficiency of anticancer drugs are major problems in chemotherapy. Nowadays the aim of many medical research projects is to discover new safer and more effective anticancer agents. 1,3,4-Thiadiazole compounds are important fragments in medicinal chemistry because of their wide range of biological activities, including anticancer activities. The aim of this study was to determine the capacity of newly synthesized 1,3,4-thiadiazole compounds as chemotherapeutic agents. The structures of the obtained compounds were elucidated using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry. Although the thiadiazole derivatives did not prove to be significantly cytotoxic to the tumour tissue cultures, compound 4i showed activity against the C6 rat brain cancer cell line (IC50 0.097 mM) at the tested concentrations.

scholarly journals New Insights into Molecular Mechanism behind Anti-Cancer Activities of Lycopene

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3888
Author(s):  
Boon-Peng Puah ◽  
Juriyati Jalil ◽  
Ali Attiq ◽  
Yusof Kamisah
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Real Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cancer Activity ◽  
Reduced Risk

Lycopene is a well-known compound found commonly in tomatoes which brings wide range of health benefits against cardiovascular diseases and cancers. From an anti-cancer perspective, lycopene is often associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer and people often look for it as a dietary supplement which may help to prevent cancer. Previous scientific evidence exhibited that the anti-cancer activity of lycopene relies on its ability to suppress oncogene expressions and induce proapoptotic pathways. To further explore the real potential of lycopene in cancer prevention, this review discusses the new insights and perspectives on the anti-cancer activities of lycopene which could help to drive new direction for research. The relationship between inflammation and cancer is being highlighted, whereby lycopene suppresses cancer via resolution of inflammation are also discussed herein. The immune system was found to be a part of the anti-cancer system of lycopene as it modulates immune cells to suppress tumor growth and progression. Lycopene, which is under the family of carotenoids, was found to play special role in suppressing lung cancer.

scholarly journals Andrographolide, A Natural Antioxidant: An Update

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenie Mussard ◽  
Annabelle Cesaro ◽  
Eric Lespessailles ◽  
Brigitte Legrain ◽  
Sabine Berteina-Raboin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Natural Antioxidant ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanisms

Traditionally, Andrographis paniculata has been used as an herbal remedy for lung infection treatments. Its leaves contain a diterpenoid labdane called andrographolide responsible for a wide range of biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. This manuscript is a brief review of the antioxidant mechanisms and the regulation of the Nrf2 (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) signaling pathway by andrographolide.

Do herbal drinks augment the cytotoxic effect against different cancer cells? Are they potent stimulators of innate and acquired immunity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21657-e21657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israa Adnan ◽  
Wamidh Talib
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Wild Thyme ◽  
Phagocytosis Activity ◽  
Mcf 7

e21657 Background: The herbal drinks are highly prevalent in the Middle East and are consumed in large quantities as daily drinks. Few studies have evaluated the biological activities of the herbal drinks produced from some plants.The current study aims to evaluate the anticancer and immunomodulatory activities of five herbal drinks consumed in the Middle East. These drinks are Palestinian Zhourat, Lebanese Zhourat, Lemon and Ginger combination, Wild Thyme, and Marjoram. Methods: The selected herbal drinks as concentrated water extracts were tested separately for: A. Anti-cancer effect on the cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB231, HCT-116, A549, and Vero-normal cells) by assessing: - Antiproliferation activities using MTT assay. Apoptosis (using the caspase-3 assay) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression (using ELISA kit) for the most potent antiproliferative extract. B. Immunomodulatory effect by evaluating: - Splenocytes proliferation using the mitogen proliferation assay. Phagocytosis activity using the nitro blue tetrazolium assay. - Pinocytosis function using the neutral red method. Results: The Lemon and Ginger combination was the most potent against MDA-MB231, MCF-7 and A549l cell lines with IC50 3.5,4, 6.5mg/ml, respectively. Lemon and Ginger combination and Wild thyme separately showed high apoptosis induction and angiogenesis suppression on the MDA-MB231cell line at concentrations 3.5 and 4.4 mg/ml for both extracts, respectively. Wild thyme was the most potent stimulant lymphocyte proliferation (with index 4.7), and Marjoram has the highest percentage (314.4%) in phagocytosis activity, while moderate stimulation by Zhourat was noted. Lemon and Ginger combination, Wild thyme, Marjoram, and the Lebanese herbal drink "Zhourat" were the most active extracts in stimulating pinocytosis with absorbance value 0.5745,0.4645,0.461,0.4575 nm, respectively. Meanwhile, the Palestinian herbal drink "Zhourat" had a moderate effect. Conclusions: The consumption ofthe mentioned herbal drinks has various Anti-cancer and immunomodulatory effects. Lemon and ginger combination exhibits the most potent anticancer activities. Wild thyme and marjoram are potent stimulators of innate and acquired immunity. The result achieved in this study is very optimistic and encouraging to be considered for further clinical trials.

scholarly journals Ramadan 2020 and Beyond in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Scientific Evidence For Action

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-110
Author(s):  
Hala Elmajnoun ◽  
Mohammed Elhag ◽  
Hatem Mohamed ◽  
Parvez Haris ◽  
Abu-Bakr Abu-Median
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Unique Experience ◽  
Access To Food

Background: Ramadan is a sacred month in Islam, which involves 29–30 days of dawn-till-dusk dry-fasting. Millions of Muslims observed Ramadan fasting (RF) this year in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Certain ethnic groups worldwide, including Muslims, have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19, raising fears that fasting could bring additional health risks. This directly impacted on the current challenges faced by health professionals. The COVID-19 virus is expected to become seasonal. Therefore, the evidence presented in this review is valid beyond Ramadan as intermittent fasting is practiced more widely, irrespective of religion, throughout the year as a therapeutic and prophylactic means for several conditions.  Methods: A wide range of literature databases were searched for the effects of RF and intermittent fasting on human health and then linked to COVID-19 impact to generate the evidence. Results: This review presents a body of evidence proving RF is safe and beneficial for healthy people who adopt a balanced diet, drink plenty of fluids, and engage in regular physical activity. Fasting reduces levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6), which are associated with severe COVID-19.  Furthermore, increased handwashing and hygiene during Ramadan may reduce infection risks. For some, social isolation, physical inactivity, reduced access to food and stress – linked to the pandemic – may minimize the benefits that is achieved during a “normal” Ramadan. Conclusions: RF during the COVID-19 pandemic is not a cause of concern for healthy people. However, people who are ill are exempt from fasting and should seek medical advice if they wish to fast. RF during the COVID-19 pandemic is a unique experience and future research will reveal its impact on human health. Key words: COVID-19; Ramadan; fasting; health; mental; exercise; isolation; lockdown; diabetes; biomarkers           

Current Pharmaceutical Aspects of Synthetic Quinoline Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rukhsana Tabassum ◽  
Muhammad Ashfaq ◽  
Hiroyuki Oku
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Quinoline Derivatives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract:: Quinoline derivatives are considered as broad spectrum pharmacological compounds that exhibit wide range of biological activities. Integration of quinoline moiety can improve its physical and chemical properties and also pharmacological behavior. Due to its wide range of pharmaceutical applications it is very popular compound to design new drugs for treatment of multiple diseases like cancer, dengue fever, malaria, tuberculosis, fungal infections, AIDS, Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes . In this review our major focus is to pay attention on biological activities of quinoline compounds in treatment of these diseases such as, anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-malarial, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-tubercular and anti-diabetic.

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