scholarly journals Activated Carbon from Bamboo and Banana Wood Fibers as Adsorbent Materials for the Removal of Oil Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 2701-2714
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Banana Fibers

Over the past years and present, the expanding number of oil spills occurrences has gotten an overwhelming chemical test to the marine or oceanic environment, and the environmental issues around the globe are becoming more problematic and more acute, be it oil spills or effluents caused by oil and gas or petrochemical industries. The main point of this current investigation is the synthesis of activated carbon (AC) from various agricultural waste materials, bamboo, and banana fibers, as one of the most promising methodologies or applications in treating oil spills constitutes high sorption capacity. The physicochemical feature of the synthesized AC samples was analyzed by FTIR spectra and N2 physisorption. More specifically, the AC samples derived from bamboo (BAMB-AC) at activation temperature 550 ℃ indicate the highest specific surface area (2,760.47 m2/g), and sorption capacity at 3.3678 g/g with the total pore volume, mesopore volume, external surface area being 3.364 cm3/g, 1.811 cm3/g, and 1,601.634 m2/g, respectively, and maximum oil sorption capacity at 4.418 g/g for BANA-AC with activation ratio 7:1 (H3PO4), and surface area at 2,172.234 m2/g.

scholarly journals Antibacterial properties of AgNO3-activated carbon composite on Escherichia coli: inhibition action

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Nkwaju Yanou Rachel ◽  
Baçaoui Abdelaziz ◽  
Ndi Julius Nsami ◽  
Kouotou Daouda ◽  
Yaacoubi Abdelrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Impregnation Time ◽  
Methylene Blue Number

AgNO3- activated carbon composite based palm kernel shell was prepared by hydrothermal carbonization. The concentration of AgNO3, activation temperature and impregnation time were investigated on five responses (iodine number, methylene blue number, BET surface area, micropore volume and total pore volume). The most influential parameters of the preparation process were optimized using the Doehlert optimal design. From the ANOVA, the following optimal conditions of preparation were retained: 0.068 mol/L, 210°C and 3.7 h for AgNO3 concentration, activation temperature and impregnation time respectively. The activated carbon (AC) and the composite (AC-AgNO3) were characterized using Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and measurements of the surface area. The XRD pattern and SEM-EDX clearly confirmed the presence of silver in the composite. The experimental parameters of AC- AgNO3 composite were as followed: 708.44 mg/g; 293.09 mg/g; 713.0 m2/g; 0.49 cm3/g and 0.76 cm3/g, for iodine number, methylene blue number, BET surface area, micropore volume and total pore volume of AC- AgNO3 respectively. The antibacterial test carried on Escherichia Coli showed that AC-AgNO3 composite has a high-improved antibacterial property of 99.99% fixation with a dosage of 1500 ppm for 5 hours of contact time.

scholarly journals Activated carbon production from peat using ZnCl2: Characterization and applications

BioResources ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 8078-8092
Author(s):  
Toni Varila ◽  
Davide Bergna ◽  
Riikka Lahti ◽  
Henrik Romar ◽  
Tao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
High Degree

The process for producing activated carbon from peat was optimized. The peat was impregnated with different ratios of ZnCl2, and the impregnated biomass was activated at different temperatures. The specific surface area, pore size distribution, total carbon content, and yield of the activated carbon were investigated. The best results for the specific surface area and mesoporosity of the activated peat were obtained by using a high impregnation ratio (2) and high activation temperature (1073 K). Highly porous activated carbon was produced that had a specific surface area of approximately 1000 m2/g and total pore volume that was higher than 0.5 cm3/g for most samples. The activated carbon had a high degree of mesoporosity. The adsorptive properties of the activated carbon were determined with methylene blue and orange II dyes.

scholarly journals Superheated water pretreatment combined with CO2 activation/regeneration of the exhausted activated carbon used in the treatment of industrial wastewater

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1687-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Xiao ◽  
Bailie Yu ◽  
Qifan Zhong ◽  
Jie Yuan ◽  
Zhen Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Co2 Activation ◽  
Superheated Water ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Water Pretreatment

This paper examines a novel method of regenerating saturated activated carbon after adsorption of complex phenolic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with low energy consumption by using superheated water pretreatment combined with CO2 activation. The effects of the temperature of the superheated water, liquid–solid ratio, soaking time, activation temperature, activation time, and CO2 flow rate of regeneration and adsorption of coal-powdered activated carbon (CPAC) were studied. The results show that the adsorption capacity of iodine values on CPAC recovers to 102.25% of the fresh activated carbon, and the recovery rate is 79.8% under optimal experimental conditions. The adsorption model and adsorption kinetics of methylene blue on regenerated activated carbon (RAC) showed that the adsorption process was in accordance with the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Furthermore, the internal diffusion process was the main controlling step. The surface properties, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, and pore size distribution were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and BET, which show that the RAC possesses more oxygen-containing functional groups with a specific surface area of 763.39 m2 g−1 and a total pore volume of 0.3039 cm3 g−1. Micropores account for 79.8% and mesopores account for 20.2%.

Preparation and TG/DTG, FT-IR, SEM, BET Surface Area, Iodine Number and Methylene Blue Number Analysis of Activated Carbon from Pistachio Shells by Chemical Activation

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kaya ◽  
Ömer Şahin ◽  
Cafer Saka
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Pistachio Shell

AbstractIn this study, low cost activated carbon was prepared from the pistachio shell by chemical activation with zinc chloride (ZnCl2). The prepared activated carbon was characterized by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal gravimetry (DTG), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area analyses. Results showed that the activation temperature and impregnation ratio have significant effect on the iodine number of the prepared activated carbon. The optimum conditions for preparing the activated carbon having the highest surface area were found to be an activation temperature of 700 °C, soaking time of 24 h and ZnCl2/ pistachio shell ratio of 50 %. The results showed that the BET surface area, total pore volume, iodine number and methylene blue (MB) number of activated carbon prepared under the optimum conditions were 1108 m2/g, 0.39 cm3/g, 1051 mg/g, 98.48 mg/g, respectively.

scholarly journals A New Approach for Controlling Mesoporosity in Activated Carbon by the Consecutive Process of Air Oxidation, Thermal Destruction of Surface Functional Groups and Carbon Activation (the OTA Method)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2758
Author(s):  
Panuwat Lawtae ◽  
Chaiyot Tangsathitkulchai
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Thermal Destruction ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Activation Method ◽  
Air Oxidation ◽  
Mesopore Volume ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature

A new and simple method, based entirely on a physical approach, was proposed to produce activated carbon from longan fruit seed with controlled mesoporosity. This method, referred to as the OTA, consisted of three consecutive steps of (1) air oxidation of initial microporous activated carbon of about 30% char burn-off to introduce oxygen surface functional groups, (2) the thermal destruction of the functional groups by heating the oxidized carbon in a nitrogen atmosphere at a high temperature to increase the surface reactivity due to increased surface defects by bond disruption, and (3) the final reactivation of the resulting carbon in carbon dioxide. The formation of mesopores was achieved through the enlargement of the original micropores after heat treatment via the CO2 gasification, and at the same time new micropores were also produced, resulting in a larger increase in the percentage of mesopore volume and the total specific surface area, in comparison with the production of activated carbon by the conventional two-step activation method using the same activation time and temperature. For the activation temperatures of 850 and 900 °C and the activation time of up to 240 min, it was found that the porous properties of activated carbon increased with the increase in activation time and temperature for both preparation methods. A maximum volume of mesopores of 0.474 cm3/g, which accounts for 44.1% of the total pore volume, and a maximum BET surface area of 1773 m2/g was achieved using three cycles of the OTA method at the activation temperature of 850 °C and 60 min activation time for each preparation cycle. The two-step activation method yielded activated carbon with a maximum mesopore volume of 0.270 cm3/g (33.0% of total pore volume) and surface area of 1499 m2/g when the activation temperature of 900 °C and a comparable activation time of 240 min were employed. Production of activated carbon by the OTA method is superior to the two-step activation method for better and more precise control of mesopore development.

scholarly journals Preparation of High-Performance Activated Carbon from Coffee Grounds after Extraction of Bio-Oil

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Jie Ren ◽  
Nanwei Chen ◽  
Li Wan ◽  
Guojian Li ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Bio Oil

In this study, a new method for economical utilization of coffee grounds was developed and tested. The resulting materials were characterized by proximate and elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption–desorption at 77 K. The experimental data show bio-oil yields reaching 42.3%. The optimal activated carbon was obtained under vacuum pyrolysis self-activation at an operating temperature of 450 °C, an activation temperature of 600 °C, an activation time of 30 min, and an impregnation ratio with phosphoric acid of 150 wt.%. Under these conditions, the yield of activated carbon reached 27.4% with a BET surface area of 1420 m2·g−1, an average pore size of 2.1 nm, a total pore volume of 0.747 cm3·g−1, and a t-Plot micropore volume of 0.428 cm3·g−1. In addition, the surface of activated carbon looked relatively rough, containing mesopores and micropores with large amounts of corrosion pits.

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Using Activated Carbon From Agro Waste-Waste Bamboo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ayodele ◽  
Victoria Ezeagwula ◽  
Precious Igbokwubiri
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Research Work ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Bet Surface Area

Abstract Bamboo trees are one of the fastest growing trees in tropical rainforests around the world, they have various uses ranging from construction to fly ash generation used in oil and gas cementing, to development of activated carbon which is one of the latest uses of bamboo trees. This paper focuses on development of activated carbon from bamboo trees for carbon capture and sequestration. The need for improved air quality becomes imperative as the SDG Goal 12 and SDG Goal13 implies. One of the major greenhouse gases is CO2 which accounts for over 80% of greenhouse gases in the environment. Eliminating the greenhouse gases without adding another pollutant to the environment is highly sought after in the 21st century. Bamboo trees are mostly seen as agricultural waste with the advent of scaffolding and other support systems being in the construction industry. Instead of burning bamboo trees or using them for cooking in the local communities which in turn generates CO2 and fly ash, an alternative was considered in this research work, which is the usage of bamboo trees to generate activated, moderately porous and high surface area carbon for extracting CO2 from various CO2 discharge sources atmosphere and for water purification. This paper focuses on the quality testing of activated carbon that can effectively absorb CO2. The porosity, pore volume, bulk volume, and BET surface area were measured. The porosity of the activated carbon is 27%, BET surface area as 1260m²/g. Fixed carbon was 11.7%, Volatility 73%, ash content 1.7%.

scholarly journals Development of Activated Carbon Using One Step Carbonization and Activation Reaction by Polymer Blend Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Manocha ◽  
Parth Joshi ◽  
Amit Brahmbhatt ◽  
Amiya Banerjee ◽  
Snehasis Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Optimum Synthesis ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
One Step

In the present work, a one step carbon activation process was developed by stabilized poly-blend. It is carbonized in nitrogen atmosphere and activated in steam in one step for known interval of times to enhance the surface area and develop interconnected porosity. The weight-loss behavior during steam activation of stabilized poly-blend at different temperatures, surface area and pore size distribution were studied to identify the optimum synthesis parameters. The results of surface characteristics were compared with those of activated carbon prepared by carbonization and activation in two steps. It was found that activation temperature has profound effect on surface characteristics. As activation temperature was raised from 800 °C to 1150 °C, surface area of activated carbon increased about three times. In addition to surface area, average pore diameter also increases with increasing activation temperature. Thus, activated carbon with high percentage of porosity and surface area can be developed by controlling the activation temperature during activation process.

scholarly journals Evaluation of alkaline-based activated carbon from Leucaena Leucocephala produced at different activation temperatures for cadmium adsorption

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Muhammad Hilmi Wan Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Hazim Mohamad Amini ◽  
Nurul Syuhada Sulaiman ◽  
Wan Rasidah Wan Abdul Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
The Cost

AbstractHeavy metal contamination in water is happening worldwide. Adsorption using activated carbon is a common choice for cleaning the wastewater. The drawback of activated carbon is the higher cost of production due to the need for high heat in the process. This work investigated on activated carbon produced from the abundantly available Leucaena leucocephala biomass in order to reduce the cost of raw material. The biomass was chemically activated at different activation temperatures. The produced activated carbon was characterized using SEM, FT-IR, surface analyzer, and TGA. Isothermic and thermodynamic studies were done to evaluate the adsorption properties of the activated carbon. It was found out that higher surface area can be obtained using the higher activation temperature. Higher NaOH to carbonized sample ratios also resulted in higher surface area for all activation temperatures, which are 662 m2g-1 for 700 °C activation temperature, 735 m2g-1 for 750 °C, and 776 m2g−1 for 800 °C. Isothermic studies showed that all of the activated carbon that is produced from Leucaena leucocephala biomass are fit to the Langmuir isotherm, regardless of any activation temperature. Lastly, the thermodynamic study found out the adsorption process is endothermic, reflected by the positive value of ΔHo. It can be concluded that Leucaena leucocephala is a promising alternative material for producing activated carbon.

scholarly journals Elemental Composition of Biochar Obtained from Agricultural Waste for Soil Amendment and Carbon Sequestration

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 3980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saowanee Wijitkosum ◽  
Preamsuda Jiwnok
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Agricultural Crop

For an agricultural country such as Thailand, converting agricultural waste into biochar offers a potential solution to manage massive quantities of crop residues following harvest. This research studied the structure and chemical composition of biochar obtained from cassava rhizomes, cassava stems and corncobs, produced using a patented locally-manufactured biochar kiln using low-cost appropriate technology designed to be fabricated locally by farmers. The research found that cassava stems yielded the highest number of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area in the biochar product, while chemical analysis indicated that corncobs yielded the highest amount of C (81.35%). The amount of H in the corncob biochar was also the highest (2.42%). The study also showed biochar produced by slow pyrolysis was of a high quality, with stable C and low H/C ratio. Biochar’s high BET surface area and total pore volume makes it suitable for soil amendment, contributing to reduced soil density, higher soil moisture and aeration and reduced leaching of plant nutrients from the rhizosphere. Biochar also provides a conducive habitat for beneficial soil microorganisms. The findings indicate that soil incorporation of biochar produced from agricultural crop residues can enhance food security and mitigate the contribution of the agricultural sector to climate change impacts.

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