scholarly journals Toxicologist`s opinion on the mechanisms of virus-induced hemoglobinopathies with toxic pneumonitis and systemic hypoxemia from COVID-19 and substantiation of rational detoxification methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
M.G. Prodanchuk ◽  
G.M. Balan ◽  
N.V. Kurdil ◽  
P.G. Zhminko ◽  
N.M. Bubalo
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Methods Analytical ◽  
Scientific Publishers

Coronavirus disease COVID-19 is currently a global problem for humanity, becoming a pandemic. From the standpoint of toxicologists, there is a need to summarize the literature on the pathogenetic and pathophysiological mechanisms of the main clinical manifestations about COVID-19 and to justify ways to optimize treatment strategies using detoxification therapy. Purpose. Based on the analysis of literature data to identify pathogenetic mechanisms of the main clinical COVID-19 syndromes, to summarize the results of clinical and laboratory studies, clinical and hematological criteria for predicting severe cases with fatalities and to justify ways to optimize detoxification therapy. Material and Methods. Analytical review of scientific publications was performed using abstract databases of scientific libraries PubMed, Medline and text databases of scientific publishers Elsevier, PubMed Central, BMJ Group and other VIP-databases and covers the period from January 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020. Methods of system, comparative and content analysis are used. Results and Conclusions. Publications on the identification of infection ways with SARS-CoV-19 virus, mechanisms in formation for clinical manifestations of COVID-19 different disease variants to identify the most informative predictors of the severe disease forms that lead to fatalities are analyzed. Literature data on the mechanisms of viremia development of SARS-CoV-19, pathogenetic and pathophysiological mechanisms of virus-induced hemoglobinopathies, toxic pneumonitis, systemic hypoxemia, hyperferritinemia, cytokine “storm”, oxidative stress and endotoxicosis are summarized; improvement of detoxification therapy which included efferent treatments, the complexing agents to remove excess levels of iron and ferritin, antioxidants and antihypoxants, oxygen therapy, transfusion of immune plasma convalescents, donor blood components and stem cells, was justified. Key Words: coronavirus disease, COVID-2019, virus-induced hemoglobinopathies, pneumonitis, detoxification therapy.

scholarly journals New coronavirus infection in children in the Moscow region: clinical, epidemiological and treatment aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Meskina ◽  
M. K. Khadisova ◽  
T. V. Stashko ◽  
A. V. Bitsueva
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Aim: To assess clinical and epidemiological characteristics, as well as treatment results in COVID-19 pediatric patients hospitalized to the Department of infectious disease in the Moscow region.Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 124 pediatric patients aged from 1 month to 17 years with confirmed (63.7%) and highly probable (proven epidemiological association with the infection source) COVID-19 infection. The children were hospitalized from March 25, 2020 to August 11, 2020. Among patients that were hospitalized during this time period, 43% had pneumonia and 30% had acute respiratory disorders. All cases of pneumonia were confirmed by computed tomography. The children were treated according to the standard Russian guidelines.Results: The children had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 mostly from family members (75%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 66.4–82.3). In the families of the children with pneumonia, the number of pneumonia cases in their relatives was higher than in the families of the children with acute respiratory infections (1.7±1.0 vs. 1.1±0.5 respectively; р<0.001). The mean age of the hospitalized children was 8 years (7.4–9.6), with an even age distribution. The main COVID-19 signs and symptoms were as follows: fever (75.8%; 95% CI 67.3–83.0), cough (66.1%; 95% CI 57.1–74.4]), fatigues (38.7%; 95% CI 30.1–47.9), and hyposmia (33.9%; 95% CI 25.6–42.9). The severe disease course was rare (2.4%; 95% CI 0.5–6.9). The rates of positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests for SARS-CoV-2 were rapidly decreased at repeated tests: at day 3, 63.7% of the tests were positive, at day 7, 21.8% and at day 14, 5.6% (р<0.001). The prevalence of pneumonia was 56.4% without any age differences, with mostly minimal areas of lung abnormalities (78.6%). The severity of pneumonia and duration of clinical manifestations in the patients treated with a III generation cephalosporin or its combination with a macrolide were similar. Cough duration in those, who were treated with ipratropium bromide /fenoterol inhalations including their combination with budesonide, was higher than in those who did not use inhalation treatment. Pyrexia of>5 days duration can be a predictor of pneumonia in a  pediatric patient with COVID-19 (odds ratio 4.55 (2.1–9.9), sensitivity 61.4%, specificity 74.1%).Conclusion: The results obtained are important to develop further treatment strategies for children with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Debut and course rare of juvenile dermatomyositis. Part II: clinical analysis with comparative analytical review of the literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
M.Y. Raitmeyer ◽  
◽  
A.B. Volosyanko ◽  
O.B. Synoverska ◽  
L.Ya. Ivanyshyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Dermatomyositis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Childhood Arthritis ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Severe Intoxication ◽  
Research Alliance

The first part of the article describes a rare case of the onset and course of juvenile dermatomyositis. In the second part the comparative clinical analysis of results of own supervision with other similar reports is carried out. The main attention is focused on atypical variants of the onset of the disease, in particular signs of severe intoxication syndrome, hemorrhagic-necrotic rash, anasarca, lesions of the oral cavity in the form of stomatitis and ulcerative-necrotic glossitis. The difficulties of early diagnosis of the disease on the background of delayed manifestation of pathognomonic skin signs and the absence of reliable features of myopathic syndrome are shown. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of amyopathic juvenile dermatomyositis with persistent skin lesions have been defined. There are three differentiated plans-recommendations of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance for the treatment of patients who have never had muscle damage and those who have had clinical manifestations of myopathy only in the first months of the disease. Current trends in achievements and gaps in the classification, diagnosis and treatment of various forms of juvenile dermatomyositis have been observed. On the basis of scientific publications the possible prognostic consequences of the amyopathic form of this disease in children are highlighted. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: juvenile dermatomyositis, juvenile amyopathic dermatomyositis, atypical course, ulcerative necrotic glossitis, anasarca, psoriasis, treatment.

scholarly journals VITILIGO – FROM CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS TO PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND CELL DEATH

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Chivu ◽  
◽  
Elena Bălășescu ◽  
Roxana Ioana Nedelcu ◽  
Alice Brînzea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

The pathogenesis of vitiligo is still unclear. The complexity of the disease seems to be based on the intervention of environmental factors in the background of genetic predisposition which will determine the response of the immune system, the involvement of the nervous and endocrine systems, altered metabolisms and increased oxidative stress - all these elements leading to melanocytic dysfunction and their subsequent destruction. Melanocytic death has a clinical correspondent that embraces the form of white macules on the skin, associated or not with leucotrichia. A better understanding of vitiligo' s pathophysiology and mechanisms of cell death at the skin level can be a step to some appropriate treatment strategies.

scholarly journals More on chlorpyrifos-based preparations in human living environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-40
Author(s):  
S.S. Svitlyi ◽  
V.M. Voronina ◽  
L.O. Rudaya ◽  
N.О. Kornuta ◽  
E.A. Bagley
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Child Day Care ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Text Database ◽  
Day Care Centres ◽  
Methods Analytical

Objective. Analyse and summarize modern data on the degree of hazard of chlorpyrifos when used in accordance with the intended purpose, substantiate the expediency of limiting the scope and extent of use of insecticide in the human living environment. Materials and methods. Analytical review of scientific publications has been performed using the abstract database of libraries and the text database of medical and biological publications PubMed. Results. Based on the conducted analytical review of scientific publications, data on the degree of hazard of chlorpyrifos have been summarized, the requirements regarding the expediency of the prohibition of the use of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-based preparations as insecticidal agents in the human living environment, first of all, in everyday life, in maternity departments, in medical institutions, in child day care centres and educational institutions have been substantiated.

Using Naïve Bayes Algorithm to Estimate the Response to Drug in Lung Cancer Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 734-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoling Guo ◽  
Qiuxiang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Drug Response ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Bayes Algorithm

Aim and Objective: Lung cancer is a highly heterogeneous cancer, due to the significant differences in molecular levels, resulting in different clinical manifestations of lung cancer patients there is a big difference. Including disease characterization, drug response, the risk of recurrence, survival, etc. Method: Clinical patients with lung cancer do not have yet particularly effective treatment options, while patients with lung cancer resistance not only delayed the treatment cycle but also caused strong side effects. Therefore, if we can sum up the abnormalities of functional level from the molecular level, we can scientifically and effectively evaluate the patients' sensitivity to treatment and make the personalized treatment strategies to avoid the side effects caused by over-treatment and improve the prognosis. Result & Conclusion: According to the different sensitivities of lung cancer patients to drug response, this study screened out genes that were significantly associated with drug resistance. The bayes model was used to assess patient resistance.

Multiple Myeloma or Brucellosis: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein A. Rahdar ◽  
Mansoor Kodori ◽  
Mohamad R. Salehi ◽  
Mahsa Doomanlou ◽  
Morteza Karami-Zarandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Brucella Infection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parental Treatment

Background: Brucellosis, a major health problem in developing countries, is a multisystem infection with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Hematological complications, ranging from an intravascular coagulopathy to mild homeostasis disorders (such as gammopathy), have been reported in brucella infection. These signs and symptoms may lead to misdiagnosis of brucellosis with other hematological diseases. Case: A 65-year-old male whose occupation was shepherding was referred to our hospital as a known case of multiple myeloma with continuous fever, muscle weakness, and night sweating after taking 2 courses of chemotherapy. The laboratory diagnosis of multiple myeloma had been based on the observation of a high percent of plasma cells in the bone marrow aspiration. At follow- up, the result of patient's fever workup, with 2 sets of blood cultures, was positive for Brucella melitensis. Isolated brucella was confirmed as B. melitensis by 16S rRNA sequencing. Brucellosis serologic test was performed by agglutination test and positive results were obtained. The patient was discharged with the cessation of fever and general improvement after the end of the parental treatment phase of brucella bacteremia. Conclusions: Brucella infection may cause a severe disease, mimicking a primary hematological disease, which could complicate the correct diagnosis. In brucellosis cases, due to the wide range of symptoms, in addition to cultivation and serological methods, molecular methods should also be used to prevent inappropriate diagnosis and additional costs.

Judges and defendants

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Pacchioni
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Scientific Publishers

This chapter explores how validation of new results works in science. It also looks at the peer-review process, both pros and cons, as well as scientific communication, scientific journals, and scientific publishers. We give an assessment of the total number of existing journals with peer review. Other topics discussed include the phenomenon of open access, predatory journals and their impact on contemporary science, and the market of scientific publications. Finally, we touch on degenerative phenomena, such as the market of co-authors, bogus papers, and irrelevant and wrong studies, as well as the problem and the social cost of irreproducible results.

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism for IFNγ +874T/A in patients with acute toxoplasmosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth de Souza Neves ◽  
André Luis Land Curi ◽  
Maira Cavalcanti de Albuquerque ◽  
Cassius Schnel Palhano-Silva ◽  
Laura Berriel da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Control Study

INTRODUCTION: A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene encoding gamma interferon influences its production and is associated with severity of infectious diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the association of IFNγ+874T/A SNP with duration of disease, morbidity, and development of retinochoroiditis in acute toxoplasmosis. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted among 30 patients and 90 controls. RESULTS: Although statistical associations were not confirmed, A-allele was more common among retinochoroiditis cases and prolonged illness, while T-allele was more frequent in severe disease. CONCLUSIONS: Despite few cases, the results could indicate a relation between IFNγ+874T/A single nucleotide polymorphism and clinical manifestations of toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals How the Heart Was Involved in COVID-19 during the First Pandemic Phase: A Review

Epidemiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-139
Author(s):  
Andrea Canalella ◽  
Ermanno Vitale ◽  
Francesca Vella ◽  
Paola Senia ◽  
Emanuele Cannizzaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Cardiovascular Involvement

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first observed in Wuhan, Hubei Province (China) in December 2019, resulting in an acute respiratory syndrome. Only later was COVID-19 considered a public health emergency of international concern and, on 11 March 2020, the WHO classified it as pandemic. Despite being a respiratory virus, the clinical manifestations are also characterized by cardiological involvement, especially in patients suffering from previous comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, its complications being potentially serious or fatal. Despite the efforts made by the scientific community to identify pathophysiological mechanisms, they still remain unclear. A fundamental role is played by the angiotensin 2 converting enzyme, known for its effects at the cardiovascular level and for its involvement in COVID-19 pathogenesis. The goal of this paper was to highlight the mechanisms and knowledge related to cardiovascular involvement during the first pandemic phase, as well as to emphasize the main cardiological complications in infected patients.

scholarly journals Primary immune deficiencies with defects in neutrophil function

Hematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Dinauer
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Leukocyte Adhesion ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Invasive Fungal Disease ◽  
Neutrophil Function ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Immune Deficiencies

Abstract Immune deficiencies resulting from inherited defects in neutrophil function have revealed important features of the innate immune response. Although sharing an increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections, these disorders each have distinctive features in their clinical manifestations and characteristic microbial pathogens. This review provides an update on several genetic disorders with impaired neutrophil function, their pathogenesis, and treatment strategies. These include chronic granulomatous disease, which results from inactivating mutations in the superoxide-generating nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate oxidase. Superoxide-derived oxidants play an important role in the control of certain bacterial and fungal species, and also contribute to the regulation of inflammation. Also briefly summarized are updates on leukocyte adhesion deficiency, including the severe periodontal disease characteristic of this disorder, and a new immune deficiency associated with defects in caspase recruitment domain–containing protein 9, an adaptor protein that regulates signaling in neutrophils and other myeloid cells, leading to invasive fungal disease.

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