scholarly journals Control of Rhizome Rot Disease of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rose) by Chemicals, Soil Amendments and Soil Antagonis

2010 ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ayub ◽  
N Sultana ◽  
MI Faruk ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
ANM Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Rhizome Rot

Two field experiments were conducted at domar and sadar upzilla of Nilphamari district to find out an effective control measure against rhizome rot (Pythium aphanidermatam) disease of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rose). Each experiment consisted of nine treatments, where three fungicides (Ridomil, Metataf and Secure), three organic amendments (poultry refuse, mustard oilcake and saw dust burning) and two bio control agents (Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride) were tested. Fungicides were used as seed treatment and soil drenching and organic materials and bio control agents were used as pre plant soil amendments. All the treatments significantly decreased the incidence and severity of the diseases and increased germination, tiller number and rhizome yield. The most effective treatment was seed treatment (0.2%) and soil drenching (0.2%) with Ridomil gold. Seed treatment and soil drenching with Secure (0.1%) and soil amendment with poultry refuse (10 t/ha) were also found to be effective to control the diseases and to increase rhizome yield.

scholarly journals Use of Trichoderma in Biological Control of Collar Rot of Soybean and Chickpea

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Mahbuba Kaniz Hasna ◽  
Md. Abul Kashem ◽  
Farid Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

An in vitro and field experiments for two consecutive years were conducted at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, aiming to investigate the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum against Sclerotium rolfsii causing collar rot disease of soybean and chickpea. In in vitro the antagonistic activity of T. harzianum against S. rolfsii was observed through dual culture. In field experiment Trichoderma was applied as soil treatment and seed treatment. The percent inhibition of S. rolfsii induced by T. harzianum was found upto 78.9% in in vitro. The maximum reduction of collar rot disease incidence over control was 82.4% in soybean and 77.6% in chickpea which was recorded in the plot where T. harzianum was applied in the soil. The highest seed germination: 86.3% in soybean and 84.8% in chickpea, maximum fresh shoot weight: 94.5 g plant-1 in soybean, 62.5 g plant-1 in chickpea, maximum fresh root weight: 10.7 g plant-1 in soybean, 9.3 g plant-1 in chickpea and the highest yield: 2830 kg ha-1 in soybean, 1836 kg ha-1 in chickpea were obtained by the application of Trichoderma in soil. The study indicated that the tested isolate of T. harzianum had potential in controlling collar rot disease of soybean and chickpea. For the reduction of collar rot incidence application of T. harzianum in soil was found more effective than seed treatment. 

scholarly journals Field Efficacy of a Combination of Seed Treatment and Foliar Spray against Pest Complex in Green Gram

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.K. Chaudhari ◽  
V.B. Patel ◽  
M.P. Patel ◽  
A.S. Bhanvadiya
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Larval Population

Background: Pulses constitute the major source of dietary protein; therefore, it has ability to fulfil required protein recommended dietary allowance for vegetarian population of India. Pulse crop attack more than 200 insect pests and inflicting heavy damages at different growth stages that lead to significant economic losses to the farmers. The studies were conducted on green gram to find out the effective control measure of different crop stages against insect pests complex in green gram. Methods: The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design and the consist 12 treatments with seed treatment and foliar sprays of insecticides at 50 per cent flowering stages then these treatments were replicated thrice at both years 2017 and 2018. Result: The experiments concluded that the reduction of sucking pests population like thrips, jassid and whitefly and larval population of Maruca vitrata and Helicoverpa armigera was found in seed treated with imidacloprid 48 FS and spray of flubendiamide at 50 per cent flowering stage in green gram with Rs. 10,678 net profit and 1:1.42 cost-benefit ratio.

scholarly journals Pythium Soft Rot Management in Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) – A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
Sunita Behera ◽  
Parshuram Sial ◽  
Himangshu Das ◽  
Kedareswar Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Pythium Soft Rot

Ginger crop is affected by various diseases. Among them rhizome/soft rot is the most damaging one and main production constraint in ginger growing areas. This disease is mainly caused by the Pythium spp. along with association of some others micro-organisms. The severity of Pythium soft rot disease is influenced by different factors related to seed, environment and soil. This study was focused on Pythium soft rot of ginger with special reference to different management strategies. Different cultural measures viz. seed rhizome treatment before storage and sowing, selection of disease free seed rhizome, sowing time, application of soil amendments, good drainage of soil, soil solarization etc. are the important measures for management of ginger soft rot. Seed treatment and soil drenching are the two options of chemical control of soft rot. Seed rhizomes treated with fungicides azoxystrobin 25%, tebuconazole 25.9%, copper oxychloride 50%, carbendazim 50%, propiconazole 25%, metalaxyl-M 4% + mancozeb 64%, metiram 55% + pyraclostrobin 5%, carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63%, tebuconazole 25% + trifloxystrobin 25% and metalaxyl 8% + mancozeb 64% resulted in effective management. Different fungicide formulations viz. carbendazim 50%, copper oxychloride 50%, metalaxyl-M 4% + mancozeb 64%, metiram 55% + pyraclostrobin 5%, carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63%, tebuconazole 25% + trifloxystrobin 25% etc. found effective for spraying. Seed treatment and application of Trichoderma spp. found suitable for effective biological management.

A NEW STEM-END ROT OF POTATO

1932 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-523
Author(s):  
W. R. Foster ◽  
H. S. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration

A new disease of potato, a hard, dry, corky, stem-end rot with a sharply defined margin, is reported from the coastal area of British Columbia. Stem-end hard rot is the name suggested for this disease. A fungus, Phomopsis tuberivora Güssow and Foster, isolated from rot lesions, reproduced typical symptoms of the characteristic stem-end rot. The optimum temperature for the growth of the causal organism is between 20° and 25 °C. The optimum hydrogen ion concentration for the growth is approximately 6.5.Between 38° to 40° F. (3.34 to 4.45 °C.) the usual storage temperature for potatoes, the disease makes little progress. Dipping the diseased potatoes in mercuric chloride, 1:1000, was not an effective control measure. Evidence of field experiments indicates that diseased tubers should not be used for planting purposes.

Control of Bulking in an Extended Aeration Sewage Treatment Plant

1972 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
D.D.P. Cane ◽  
G.J. Farguhar
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Mixed Liquor ◽  
Air Supply

Abstract A case of filamentous activated sludge bulking was investigated at an extended aeration plant treating wastes from a highway service centre. The purpose of the study was to find an effective control measure for the bulking and, if possible, to determine the cause of the bulking condition. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects upon bulking of: (a) a controlled copper dosage to the mixed liquor, (b) variations in the organic loading rate, and (c) maintenance of high and low dissolved oxygen concentrations in the mixed liquor. The microorganism responsible for the bulking condition was tentatively identified as Sphaerotilus natans. Extensive growths of these bacteria occurred in the sludge when the mixed liquor dissolved oxygen concentration dropped below 0.5 mg/1. Such dissolved oxygen levels had frequently occurred at this plant due to the use of timed aeration cycles and the use of insufficient air supply during peak loading periods. Variations in organic loading rates were found to have no adverse effect on sludge settleability. When bulking was slight, the condition could be improved by increasing the dissolved oxygen level to 1.5 mg/1, or more. The rate at which the filamentous growths could be eliminated from a highly filamentous sludge by increased aeration was very slow, but could be greatly increased by the simultaneous feeding of copper to the mixed liquor at a dosage rate of 1.0 mg/1, based on the raw sewage flows.

Characterizing the effectiveness of COVID-19 mitigation measures: A data-centric approach (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukman Olagoke ◽  
Ahmet E. Topcu
Keyword(s):  
Control Measure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND COVID-19 represents a serious threat to both national health and economic systems. To curb this pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a series of COVID-19 public safety guidelines. Different countries around the world initiated different measures in line with the WHO guidelines to mitigate and investigate the spread of COVID-19 in their territories. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of these control measures using a data-centric approach. METHODS We begin with a simple text analysis of coronavirus-related articles and show that reports on similar outbreaks in the past strongly proposed similar control measures. This reaffirms the fact that these control measures are in order. Subsequently, we propose a simple performance statistic that quantifies general performance and performance under the different measures that were initiated. A density based clustering of based on performance statistic was carried out to group countries based on performance. RESULTS The performance statistic helps evaluate quantitatively the impact of COVID-19 control measures. Countries tend show variability in performance under different control measures. The performance statistic has negative correlation with cases of death which is a useful characteristics for COVID-19 control measure performance analysis. A web-based time-line visualization that enables comparison of performances and cases across continents and subregions is presented. CONCLUSIONS The performance metric is relevant for the analysis of the impact of COVID-19 control measures. This can help caregivers and policymakers identify effective control measures and reduce cases of death due to COVID-19. The interactive web visualizer provides easily digested and quick feedback to augment decision-making processes in the COVID-19 response measures evaluation. CLINICALTRIAL Not Applicable

MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF AIR-THERMAL AND MICROWAVE-CONVECTIVE PRESOWING SEED TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (41) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
ALEKSEY A. VASIL’EV ◽  
◽  
ALEKSEY N. VASIL’EV ◽  
DMITRIY BUDNIKOV ◽  
ANTON SHARKO
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Ultra High Frequency ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Seed Processing

The use of electrophysical influences for pre-sowing treatment of seeds is an effective way to increase their sowing quality. The use of these methods is limited by the fact that their implementation requires new technological equipment in grain processing lines. This problem is solved more easily when pre-sowing processing is performed using installations for active ventilation and grain drying. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in determining the possibility of using active ventilation units and ultra-high-frequency convective grain dryers for pre-sowing grain processing and to evaluating the effectiveness of such processing using computer modeling. (Materials and methods) It is necessary to ensure the uniformity of processing with external influence the seeds placed in a dense layer. Authors carried out pre-sowing treatment of seeds on real installations. Treated seeds were sown in experimental plots and the results of treatment were evaluated. (Results and discussion) The article presents graphs of changes in grain temperature and humidity during processing. To check the feasibility of pre-sowing treatment, authors performed modeling of air-heat and ultra-high-frequency convective seed treatment processes. Based on the results of field experiments, air-heat treatment stimulates the development of secondary plant roots, contributes to an intensive increase in the green mass of plants; ultra-high-frequency convective seed treatment allows increasing the number of productive stems in plants, the number of ears in one plant. (Conclusions) Technological equipment designed for drying and active ventilation of grain can be effectively used for pre-sowing seed processing. In the course of field experiments, it was revealed the possibility of controlling the structure of the crop using different types of external influence on seeds during their pre-sowing processing.

Interactive impacts of boron and organic amendments in plant-soil microbial relationships

2021 ◽  
Vol 408 ◽  
pp. 124939
Author(s):  
A. Vera ◽  
J.L. Moreno ◽  
J.A. Siles ◽  
R. López-Mondejar ◽  
Y. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Soil

scholarly journals Crop Response to Leaf and Seed Applications of the Biostimulant ComCat® under Stress Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1161
Author(s):  
Roland Gerhards ◽  
Fructueuse N. Ouidoh ◽  
André Adjogboto ◽  
Vodéa Armand Pascal Avohou ◽  
Berteulot Latus Sètondji Dossounon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Block Designs ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Yield Data

Although clear evidence for benefits in crop production is partly missing, several natural compounds and microorganisms have been introduced to the market as biostimulants. They are supposed to enhance nutrient efficiency and availability in the rhizosphere, reduce abiotic stress, and improve crop quality parameters. Biostimulants often derive from natural compounds, such as microorganisms, algae, and plant extracts. In this study, the commercial plant extract-based biostimulant ComCat® was tested in two field experiments with maize in the communities of Banikoara and Matéri in Northern Benin and six pot experiments (four with maize and two with winter barley) at the University of Hohenheim in Germany. Maize was grown under nutrient deficiency, drought, and weed competition, and winter barley was stressed by the herbicide Luximo (cinmethylin). ComCat® was applied at half, full, and double the recommended field rate (50, 100, and 200 g ha−1) on the stressed and unstressed control plants as leaf or seed treatment. The experiments were conducted in randomized complete block designs with four replications. The above-ground biomass and yield data of one experiment in Benin were collected. The biostimulant did not promote maize and winter barley biomass production of the unstressed plants. When exposed to stress, ComCat@ resulted only in one out of eight experiments in higher barley biomass compared to the stressed treatment without ComCat® application. There was a reduced phytotoxic effect of cinmethylin after seed treatment with ComCat®. Crop response to ComCat® was independent of the application rate. Basic and applied studies are needed to investigate the response of crops to biostimulants and their mechanisms of action in the plants before they should be used in practical farming.

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