scholarly journals Pattern of anxiety psychopathology experienced among postgraduate medical trainees

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Andrew Toyin Olagunju ◽  
Olasimbo Adenike Ogundipe ◽  
Victor Olufolahan Lasebikan ◽  
Ayodele Olurotimi Coker ◽  
Chinyere Nkiruka Asoegwu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Physical Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Postgraduate Medical Training ◽  
Medical Trainees ◽  
Additional Qualification ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objectives: Postgraduate medical training is characteristically intensive and stressful. Given that anxiety disorders are often linked with stress-related scenarios; awareness of the burden of anxiety disorders among postgraduate medical trainees and their determinants is essential for informed intervention. This study was set to investigate the pattern of anxiety psychopathology, and to determine its correlates among doctors in a Nigerian postgraduate medical training facility.Methods: The participants, made up of 204 resident doctors were administered questionnaire to elicit their socio-demographic and work related variables. Subsequently, 12- item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used to ascertain the presence of emotional distress, and the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic & Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders- fourth edition [DSM-IV] Axis-1 Disorders, Non-patient edition (SCID-1/NP) was administered to characterize anxiety related psychopathology in the participants.Results: The mean age of participants was 33.44 (±4.50). In all, 120 (58.8%) respondents reported various difficulties with their examinations, 14(8.3%) reported having physical disorder and 59(28.9%) respondents were emotionally distressed. The prevalence of anxiety psychopathology based on DSM-IV criteria was 13.2% and the pattern elicited based on recognised categories include generalized anxiety disorder (4.9%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (3.4%), specific phobia (2.4%), social phobia (1.5%) and substance induced anxiety disorders (1.0%). Having additional qualification to the medical degree seems protective against anxiety psychopathology (?2= 3.91; df=1; p<0.05), while those with emotional distress (?2=17.54; df=1; p<0.001) were more likely to experience anxiety.Conclusion: Comprehensive and need-based mental health services with psychosocial support for trainee doctors are implied. Future research focusing on modifiable predictors of mental health challenges among resident doctors and their linkage with specific aspects of training is indicated.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.25-32

scholarly journals Risk of eating disorders in international adoptees: a cohort study using Swedish national population registers

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Strand ◽  
R. Zhang ◽  
L. M. Thornton ◽  
A. Birgegård ◽  
B. M. D'Onofrio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
International Adoptees ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aims Compared to the general population, adoptees are more often referred to specialist psychiatric treatment, exhibit increased risk of suicide and display more symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder. However, little is known about the impact of being an adoptee on the risk of developing an eating disorder. The aim of the present study was to assess whether international adoptees have a higher risk for eating disorders than native Swedes. Methods In the present retrospective cohort study, data from the Swedish total population registers on individuals born between 1979 and 2005 were used to assess whether international adoptees residing in Sweden (n = 25 287) have a higher risk for anorexia nervosa (AN) and other eating disorders (OED) than non-adoptees with Swedish-born parents from the general population (n = 2 046 835). The patterns of these results were compared to those for major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and anxiety disorders to determine whether any observed effects were unique to eating disorders or reflected a more general impact on mental health outcomes. Results A survival analysis adjusting for relevant demographic covariates revealed an elevated risk of all examined psychiatric disorders in international adoptees: hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) are 1.21 (1.04–1.41) for AN, 1.60 (1.44–1.79) for OED, 1.90 (1.81–2.00) for MDD, 1.25 (1.09–1.44) for OCD, and 1.69 (1.60–1.78) for anxiety disorders. Conclusions Elevated risk of eating disorders as well as of MDD, OCD, and anxiety disorders was found in international adoptees. A parallel pattern between AN and OCD was observed, which both display less elevated rates than the other diagnoses. A considerable number of biological, environmental, and societal factors have been suggested to explain the observed differences in mental health between adoptees and non-adoptees, but they remain primarily theoretical.

Psychologists' and Social Workers' Self-Descriptions Using DSM—IV Psychopathology

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-188
Author(s):  
Tali Nachshoni ◽  
Yehuda Abramovitch ◽  
Vladimir Lerner ◽  
Miriam Assael-Amir ◽  
Moshe Kotler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Eating Problems ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

There is limited information on mental health of psychologists and social workers despite their rendering mental health services, so their subjective perception of mental disorder was explored via a self-evaluation survey in which they self-diagnosed the presence of DSM-IV disorders within themselves. The sample of 128 professionals included 63 psychologists and 65 social workers. The presence of Axis I traits was reported by 81.2%, the three most frequent traits being mood, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and eating disorder. Axis II traits were reported by 73.4% of subjects, the three most frequent conditions being narcissistic, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality traits. While a high percentage of subjects reported the presence of either an Axis I or Axis II disorder, the average severity reported was low. More psychologists reported on mood, social phobia, and eating problems than social workers, while the latter reported more on psychotic problems. Psychologists reported more Axis II traits, especially paranoid, narcissistic, and avoidant subtypes. More women than men reported eating problems, while more men reported schizoid and avoidant personality traits. In conclusion, manifestations of subthreshold psychiatric conditions were prominently reported. These findings suggest encouraging mental health care professionals to explore treatment for problems if present.

scholarly journals Mood and anxiety disorders across the adult lifespan: a European perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. McDowell ◽  
A. Ryan ◽  
B. P. Bunting ◽  
S. M. O'Neill ◽  
J. Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽  
World Mental Health Survey ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe World Mental Health Survey Initiative (WMHSI) has advanced our understanding of mental disorders by providing data suitable for analysis across many countries. However, these data have not yet been fully explored from a cross-national lifespan perspective. In particular, there is a shortage of research on the relationship between mood and anxiety disorders and age across countries. In this study we used multigroup methods to model the distribution of 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI mood and anxiety disorders across the adult lifespan in relation to determinants of mental health in 10 European Union (EU) countries.MethodLogistic regression was used to model the odds of any mood or any anxiety disorder as a function of age, gender, marital status, urbanicity and employment using a multigroup approach (n = 35500). This allowed for the testing of specific lifespan hypotheses across participating countries.ResultsNo simple geographical pattern exists with which to describe the relationship between 12-month prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders and age. Of the adults sampled, very few aged ⩾80 years met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for these disorders. The associations between these disorders and key sociodemographic variables were relatively homogeneous across countries after adjusting for age.ConclusionsFurther research is required to confirm that there are indeed stages in the lifespan where the reported prevalence of mental disorders is low, such as among younger adults in the East and older adults in the West. This project illustrates the difficulties in conducting research among different age groups simultaneously.

Work Based Assessments (WBAs) amongst UK medical trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic: How have we adapted?

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-84
Author(s):  
Shirwa Sheik Ali ◽  
◽  
Sharaf Sheik Ali ◽  
Alex O'Connor ◽  
Jonathan R Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Postgraduate Medical Training ◽  
Medical Trainees ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was recently identified as the RNA virus resulting in the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This was following cases of pneumonia identified in Hubei Province in China. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recently declared COVID-19 as a pandemic in March The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in medical, financial and social disruption on an international scale. Such disruption has additionally impacted postgraduate medical training. This has been reflected in the attainment of Work Based Assessments amongst medical trainees in the United Kingdom.

scholarly journals Minding the treatment gap: results of the Singapore Mental Health Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1415-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mythily Subramaniam ◽  
Edimansyah Abdin ◽  
Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar ◽  
Saleha Shafie ◽  
Hong Choon Chua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Physical Disorder ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Treatment Gap ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Study

Abstract Purpose To establish the 12-month treatment gap and its associated factors among adults with mental disorders in the Singapore resident population using data from the second Singapore Mental Health Study and to examine the changes since the last mental health survey conducted in 2010. Methods 6126 respondents were administered selected modules of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, to assess major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) (which included alcohol abuse and dependence). Past year treatment gap was defined as the absolute difference between the prevalence of a particular mental disorder in the past 12 months preceding the interview and those who had received treatment for that disorder. Results The prevalence of overall 12-month treatment gap in this population was high (78.6%). A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed significantly higher odds of treatment gap among those diagnosed with OCD (compared to those with MDD) and in those with a comorbid chronic physical disorder; while those who had primary education and below and those who were unemployed were less likely to have a treatment gap as compared to those with post-secondary education and those employed, respectively. Conclusions The high treatment gap in the population is concerning and highlights the need to promote help-seeking and uptake of treatment. Given the unique demographic characteristics, i.e., those with higher education and employed were more likely not to seek treatment, targeted interventions in the educational and workplace settings should be implemented.

scholarly journals Anxious and non-anxious major depressive disorder in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Kessler ◽  
N. A. Sampson ◽  
P. Berglund ◽  
M. J. Gruber ◽  
A. Al-Hamzawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Comorbid Anxiety ◽  
World Mental Health ◽  
Dsm Iv

Background.To examine cross-national patterns and correlates of lifetime and 12-month comorbid DSM-IV anxiety disorders among people with lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV major depressive disorder (MDD).Method.Nationally or regionally representative epidemiological interviews were administered to 74 045 adults in 27 surveys across 24 countries in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. DSM-IV MDD, a wide range of comorbid DSM-IV anxiety disorders, and a number of correlates were assessed with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).Results.45.7% of respondents with lifetime MDD (32.0–46.5% inter-quartile range (IQR) across surveys) had one of more lifetime anxiety disorders. A slightly higher proportion of respondents with 12-month MDD had lifetime anxiety disorders (51.7%, 37.8–54.0% IQR) and only slightly lower proportions of respondents with 12-month MDD had 12-month anxiety disorders (41.6%, 29.9–47.2% IQR). Two-thirds (68%) of respondents with lifetime comorbid anxiety disorders and MDD reported an earlier age-of-onset (AOO) of their first anxiety disorder than their MDD, while 13.5% reported an earlier AOO of MDD and the remaining 18.5% reported the same AOO of both disorders. Women and previously married people had consistently elevated rates of lifetime and 12-month MDD as well as comorbid anxiety disorders. Consistently higher proportions of respondents with 12-month anxious than non-anxious MDD reported severe role impairment (64.4 v. 46.0%; χ21 = 187.0, p < 0.001) and suicide ideation (19.5 v. 8.9%; χ21 = 71.6, p < 0.001). Significantly more respondents with 12-month anxious than non-anxious MDD received treatment for their depression in the 12 months before interview, but this difference was more pronounced in high-income countries (68.8 v. 45.4%; χ21 = 108.8, p < 0.001) than low/middle-income countries (30.3 v. 20.6%; χ21 = 11.7, p < 0.001).Conclusions.Patterns and correlates of comorbid DSM-IV anxiety disorders among people with DSM-IV MDD are similar across WMH countries. The narrow IQR of the proportion of respondents with temporally prior AOO of anxiety disorders than comorbid MDD (69.6–74.7%) is especially noteworthy. However, the fact that these proportions are not higher among respondents with 12-month than lifetime comorbidity means that temporal priority between lifetime anxiety disorders and MDD is not related to MDD persistence among people with anxious MDD. This, in turn, raises complex questions about the relative importance of temporally primary anxiety disorders as risk markers v. causal risk factors for subsequent MDD onset and persistence, including the possibility that anxiety disorders might primarily be risk markers for MDD onset and causal risk factors for MDD persistence.

scholarly journals Association of family history of schizophrenia and clinical outcomes in individuals with eating disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ruyue Zhang ◽  
Ralf Kuja-Halkola ◽  
Andreas Birgegård ◽  
Henrik Larsson ◽  
Paul Lichtenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Family History ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Familial co-aggregation studies of eating disorders (EDs) and schizophrenia reveal shared genetic and environment factors, yet their etiological and clinical relationship remains unclear. We evaluate the influence of schizophrenia family history on clinical outcomes of EDs. Methods We conducted a cohort evaluation of the association between family history of schizophrenia and ED clinical features, psychiatric comorbidities, and somatic and mental health burden in individuals born in Sweden 1977–2003 with anorexia nervosa (AN) or other EDs (OED: bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and ED not otherwise specified). Results Of 12 424 individuals with AN and 20 716 individuals with OED, 599 (4.8%) and 1118 (5.4%), respectively, had a family history of schizophrenia (in up to third-degree relatives). Among individuals with AN, schizophrenia in first-degree relatives was significantly associated with increased comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [HR(95% CI) 2.26 (1.27–3.99)], substance abuse disorder (SUD) [HR (95% CI) 1.93 (1.25–2.98)], and anxiety disorders [HR (95% CI) 1.47 (1.08–2.01)], but higher lowest illness-associated body mass index (BMI) [1.14 kg/m2, 95% CI (0.19–2.10)]. Schizophrenia in any relative (up to third-degree) in AN was significantly associated with higher somatic and mental health burden, but lower ED psychopathology scores [−0.29, 95% CI (−0.54 to −0.04)]. Schizophrenia in first-degree relatives in individuals with OED was significantly associated with increased comorbid ADHD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, SUD, anxiety disorders, somatic and mental health burden, and suicide attempts. Conclusions We observed different patterns of ED-related outcomes, psychiatric comorbidity, and illness burden in individuals with EDs with and without family histories of schizophrenia and provide new insights into the diverse manifestations of EDs.

scholarly journals Age patterns in the prevalence of DSM-IV depressive/anxiety disorders with and without physical co-morbidity

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1659-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Scott ◽  
M. Von Korff ◽  
J. Alonso ◽  
M. Angermeyer ◽  
E. J. Bromet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physical Morbidity

BackgroundPhysical morbidity is a potent risk factor for depression onset and clearly increases with age, yet prior research has often found depressive disorders to decrease with age. This study tests the possibility that the relationship between age and mental disorders differs as a function of physical co-morbidity.MethodEighteen general population surveys were carried out among household-residing adults as part of the World Mental Health (WMH) surveys initiative (n=42 697). DSM-IV disorders were assessed using face-to-face interviews with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). The effect of age was estimated for 12-month depressive and/or anxiety disorders with and without physical or pain co-morbidity, and for physical and/or pain conditions without mental co-morbidity.ResultsDepressive and anxiety disorders decreased with age, a result that cannot be explained by organic exclusion criteria. No significant difference was found in the relationship between mental disorders and age as a function of physical/pain co-morbidity. The majority of older persons have chronic physical or pain conditions without co-morbid mental disorders; by contrast, the majority of those with mental disorders have physical/pain co-morbidity, particularly among the older age groups.ConclusionsCIDI-diagnosed depressive and anxiety disorders in the general population decrease with age, despite greatly increasing physical morbidity with age. Physical morbidity among persons with mental disorder is the norm, particularly in older populations. Health professionals, including mental health professionals, need to address barriers to the management of physical co-morbidity among those with mental disorders.

scholarly journals The Social Costs of Anxiety Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 (S27) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Leon ◽  
Laura Portera ◽  
Myrna M. Weissman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Social

Background. The social costs of anxiety disorders, which afflict a substantial proportion of the general population in the United States, are considered.Method. Data from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Epidemiological Catchment Area Program were analysed.Results. Over 6% of men and 13% of women in the sample of 18 571 had suffered from a DSM–III anxiety disorder in the past six months. Nearly 30% of those with panic disorder had used the general medical system for emotional, alcohol or drug-related problems in the six months prior to the interview. Those with anxiety disorders were also more likely to seek help from emergency rooms and from the specialised mental health system. Men with panic disorder, phobias or obsessive–compulsive disorder in the previous six months are more likely to be chronically unemployed and to receive disability or welfare.Discussion. Once correctly diagnosed there are safe and effective psychopharmacologic and behavioural treatments for the anxiety disorders. Nevertheless the burden of anxiety disorders extends beyond the direct costs of treatment to the indirect costs of impaired social functioning.

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