scholarly journals Bioinformatics Applications on Cryptosporidium Research: A Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
Afzan Mat Yusof

The biology of Cryptosporidium has been studied increasingly since it was recognized as a pathogen of humans more than a century. Its recent recognition as a second leading cause of diarrhoea or cryptosporidiosis immunocompromised patients globally has led many researchers to study on this parasite. Many new technologies such as high-throughput omics and bioinformatics tools have been implemented to investigate this zoonotic parasite in a better approach. The aim of this review article is mainly to briefly describe recent applications of structural bioinformatics in order to reveal the potentiality of a suitable therapeutic target in Cryptosporidium. This review was written based on the search of cited publications in SCOPUS website with the combination of word ‘Cryptosporidium’ with other words like bioinformatics, protein structure, structural biology and homology modeling. The search results then were selected based on the relativeness of updated information needed to be prepared in this review. Several cited publications were used to elaborate the review accordingly despitelimitedreviewupdatesrelatedtoprotein bioinformation of thisparasite. As a conclusion, bioinformatics is a commonly known to be cutting-edge technology that has been recognised for its power to reveal the secret of parasite biology in silico including a neglected parasite, Cryptosporidium. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 8-18

Author(s):  
Rajendra Paliwal ◽  
Rashmi Pareek

Phimosis is described as condition in which prepuce or foreskin of glans penis is not retracted backwards resulting in poor narrowed stream of urine during micturition causing ballooning of prepuce along with recurrent attacks of balanoposthitis and Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs). Majority of new born boys do have non-retractile foreskin called as Physiological Phimosis. In Ayurveda phimosis is described as Nirudhaprakasha. Physiological phimosis usually does not require any kind of treatment as it resolve spontaneously within first couple of years mostly taking 3 to 6 years after which measures are considered to correct it surgically. Pathological phimosis is condition in which prepuce get adhered to glans secondary to adhesions or scarring made because of infection, inflammation or trauma. Pathological phimosis and physiological phimosis with recurrent attack of balanoposthitis and UTIs do require treatment. There are several treatment modalities are available according to severity of adhesions such as local application of steroid cream or oil, manual retraction, dilatation and Circumcision. In this review article we assess the various treatment modalities available in Ayurveda and contemporary medical science for better management of Phimosis.


Author(s):  
Dr. Sandip Tawade

Ayurveda is not only an ancient medical science but it is a complete life science.The main aim of Ayurveda is to maintain the health of a healthy person & to cure the disease of diseased person. From last few decades due to globalisation there is drastic change in working pattern, dietary habits & lifestyle. According to a new research, lifestyle diseases replaced traditional health risk factors resulting in an increase in incidents of diseases & deaths in India in the last two decades. Now most of the diseases & deaths are caused by High Blood Pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, alcohol use and poor diet. Unhealthy lifestyle is the root cause of many diseases broadly termed as lifestyle disorder. Hypertension is the most common lifestyle disease affecting population all over the world. About 26.4% of the world adult population in 2020 had hypertension and 29.2% were projected to have this condition by 2025. India is labeled as global capital of hypertension. The Ayurveda concentrates on achieving the promotion of health, prevention and management of disease for a healthy and happy life in the ailing society. The principals of Ayurveda are focused on maintaining good health by good diet and good lifestyle. Proper dietary habits, proper exercise, Yoga, Meditation along with Ayurveda herbs can be beneficial to balancing of mind, which reduce stress and maintain the blood pressure. The present review article is aimed that the planning of proper herbal medications as per Ayurveda guidelines will definitely control the high blood pressure without any hazardous side effects of drugs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2209-2212
Author(s):  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
Priyanka 2 ◽  
S. S. Gupta

Ayurveda is one of the most ancient medical science in the world. Ayurveda is known as the science of life. It is not only medical science, but it is also a way of life. In Ayurvedic literature many Aacharyas (Sage) like Atreya Punarvashu,Dhanvantari,Sushruta,Charaka,Vagbhata and other commentators of samhitas (Ancient iterature) have made, its importance the knowledge of Sharir (body) to have undoubtedly for the sake of knowledge. In Ayurveda, Rachana sharir is a very important part of this science to make a person a good physician or a good surgeon. In Rachana Sharir, Marma sharir is very important topic. By knowing this, a person may become a good physician or surgeon. Marma sharir and its practical application are very important during surgery and to understand the injury at marma site, their prognosis and possible prevention is necessary. Inside the body, there is a specific anatomical location which is called a vital point. Keywords: Mamsa (muscle), marma (vital part), jivsthan (life site), Parinam (result), pariman (dimension)


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2144-2150
Author(s):  
Shivam Kumar Nigam ◽  
Rita Singh ◽  
Sanjay Srivastava

Pandu Roga is one of the diseases mentioned in Ayurveda characterized by the changes in the skin colour to white (Shweta), yellowish (Peeta), greenish (Harita) etc. which is one of the “Varnopalakshita Roga" i.e., a disease characterized by the change in the colour. The clinical condition of Pandu in Ayurveda can be co-related with Anaemia described in Modern Medical Science, due to the resemblance in the clinical signs and symptoms. In Modern Medicine, Pandu is a pale appearance which may be due to the decreased blood supply to the skin or de- creased visibility of oxyhemoglobin. Anaemia is a major global public health problem and the most prevalent nu- tritional deficiency disorder in the world. This article presents the Ayurvedic concept of Pandu Roga (Anaemia). Keywords: Pandu, Vyadhi, Srotas, Anaemia, Pallor,


2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda F. Hogle

Risk is the most often cited reason for ethical concern about any medical science or technology, particularly those new technologies that are not yet well understood, or create unfamiliar conditions. In fact, while risk and risk-benefit analyses are but one aspect of ethical oversight, ethical review and risk assessment are sometimes taken to mean the same thing. This is not surprising, since both the Common Rule and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) foreground procedures for minimizing risk for human subjects and require local IRBs to engage in some sort of risk-benefit analysis in decisions to approve or deny proposed research. Existing ethical review and oversight practices are based on the presumption that risk can be clearly identified within the planned activities of the protocol, that metrics can reasonably accurately predict potential hazards, and that mitigation measures can be taken to deal with unintended, harmful, or catastrophic events.


2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurgen Kopp ◽  
Torsten Schwede

Author(s):  
Knut Blind

Besides these very conceptual or theoretical approaches to deal with standards dynamics, several case study analyses exist, which focus on the standard maintenance and succession (Egyedi, Loeffen 2002) in order to answer the question how to deal with heritage relations between standards and on standard integrity (Egyedi, Hudson 2005) and in order to discuss control mechanisms that safeguard the integrity of (de facto) standards. This paper adds an additional methodological dimension to the analysis of the dynamics of standards by a strong focus on the life times of standards. The contribution of this paper to the emerging research on the dynamics of standards is twofold. First, the descriptive presentation of life times of standards focusing both on average publication years and survival times reflects on the one hand the historical development of ICT over time and on the other hand its dynamics in the various subfields. So far other indicators like scientific publications or patent applications are used to describe the development especially of new technologies, e. g. biotechnology or nanotechnology. The analysis of publications of standard documents extends the former exercises by a new more market and diffusion related dimension. Second, the characteristics of standard documents are used to explain their life times. Here we borrow for the first time general approaches from bibliometrics and patent analysis in order to explain life times of standards as indicator for their value by documents’ characteristics. The remainder of the paper is structured as follows. First, we analyse the average lifetimes of standards in a quantitative manner, taking into account differences between countries. Since the simple approach of calculating the average lifetimes of historical standards does not allow us to include standards which are still alive, we have to apply a more sophisticated methodology, the so-called survival analysis, which was initially mainly applied in medical science. The application of this statistical approach produces average lifetimes of standards, taking into account the expected lifetime of standards which are still valid. This approach is crucial, especially for the analysis of ICT standards, because the number of valid standards relative to historical standards is rather high. Due to the very high relevance of international standards in the ICT sector and the high quality of this subsample, we concentrate the survival analysis espeically on the international standards including the standards released by the European standardisation bodies. The results of this analysis provide us with new insights about the expected lifetimes of standards differentiated by technology in the ICT area. The final step of our analysis tries to answer the question which causal factors influence the lifetimes of standards in the ICT sector. We present first insights by applying the so-called Cox regression, which allows us to identify whether some selected characteristics of a standard, like cross references or references to international standards, have a significant impact on its actual or expected lifetime. The approach to assess the importance of a technical document by analysing its references to other documents or being referenced in other documents has a long tradition in evaluating the value of patents by counting and analysing their citations. The paper concludes with a brief summary of the main results, but also with some general recommendations regarding standardisation processes and the maintenance of standards derived from the new insights.


2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. John Gregory ◽  
Howard A. Armstrong ◽  
Ian Boomer ◽  
Rainer Gersonde ◽  
Ian Harding ◽  
...  

Abstract. INTRODUCTION (F. JOHN GREGORY)To commemorate the publication of the 25th Volume of the Journal of Micropalaeontology, the first issue of which came out in 1982, this celebratory review article was commissioned. Officers of each TMS Group (Ostracod, Foraminifera, Palynology, Nannofossil, Microvertebrate and Silicofossil) were requested to reflect over the last 25 years and assess the major advances and innovations in each of their disciplines. It is obvious from the presentations that all Groups report that research has moved on from the basic, but essential descriptive phase, i.e. taxonomy and establishing biostratigraphies, to the utilization of new technologies and application to issues of the day such as climate change and global warming. However, we must not lose sight of the fact that the foundation of micropalaeontology is observation and the building block for all these new and exciting innovations and developments is still good taxonomy. Briefly, the most obvious conclusion that can be drawn from this review is that micropalaeontology as a science is in relatively good health, but we have to ensure that the reported advancements will sustain and progress our discipline. There is one issue that has not really been highlighted in these contributions – we need to make sure that there are enough people being trained in micropalaeontology to maintain development. The last 25 years has seen a dramatic decrease in the number of post-graduate MSc courses in micropalaeontology. For example, in the UK, in the 1980s and early 1990s there were five specific MSc courses to choose . . .


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 992-996
Author(s):  
Prasad Umakant Wallalwar ◽  
Pradnya Dandekar ◽  
Shweta Dadarao Parwe

The concept of Immunity is mentioned as ‘Vyadhikshamatwa’ in Ayurveda. In Ayurveda numbers of medicinal herbs are described under immunity-enhancing drugs category. The concept of immunity enhancer is explained under the category of Rasayan chikitsa in Ayurveda. These herbs are used in various diseases, especially by modulating the immune system. These herbs are called as Rasayan Dravyas. Ayurveda medical science comprises the herbs which are Rasayana and also which are non-Rasayana in nature. In Samhitas entirely enriched with enormous data of Rasayana medicinal herbs acting as immune modulators. The data of available Samhitas and researches show that these Rasayana herbs have immense potential as immune modulators. Advanced researches have proven that drugs like Guduchi, Haritaki, Ashwagandha, Brahmi, Jyotishmati act as a good immune enhancer. Theses herbs are mentioned in Ayurveda as Rasayana drugs. Experimental studies also have proven the role of Rasayana drugs as antioxidant, adoptogenic and having anti-stress activities. These Rasayana drugs as having immunity enhancer protect the health of a healthy person and protects them from any type of diseased condition. Charakacharya had mentioned Rasayanchikitsa adhyay as the first addhya of their chikitsasthan considering his aim as ‘Swasthasya Swasthya Rakshanam’. This means to protect the health of a healthy person as in priority by using immunity enhancer drugs as Rasayanas. This review article empowers such reviewed data on Rasayan medicinal herbs as a promising future target for immunotherapy.


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