scholarly journals Comparative efficacy of korolla (Momordica charantia) extract and Ivermec® pour on with their effects on certain blood parameters and body weight gain in indigenous chicken infected with Ascaridia galli

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Shahadat ◽  
M Mostofa ◽  
MAA Mamum ◽  
ME Hoque ◽  
MA Awal
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Group B

Comparative anthelmintics efficacy of whole korolla fruit (Momordica charantia) extract and ivermec® pour on was evaluated in vitro and in vivo on adult Ascaridia galli of indigenous chicken. The total trial chickens (60) were divided equally into 3 groups; group A as control, group B treated with ivermec® pour on @ 500 μg/kg bwt by dropper through skin absorption for single dose and group C treated with 3% aqueous extract of korolla. Freshly prepared aqueous extract of the korolla fruit was performed as wormicidal properties against adult A. galli on in vitro and in vivo study. 3% aqueous extract of korolla fruit was treated as higher efficacy against A. galli. The live body weight was increased in chicken after treatment in group B and C respectively but in control group body weight was slowly decreased. TEC (million/cu mm), Hb (gm %) and PCV (%30 minutes) were increased significantly in chickens of treated groups whereas ESR was increased in control groups. Key words: Anthelmintics efficacy, korolla, Ivermec® pour on, Ascaridia galli, indigenous chicken, haematological parameters  doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2328 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (2): 153-158   

scholarly journals Studies on prevalence of ascariasis in indigenous chickens in Gaibandha district and treatment by pineapple leaves extract

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mst Kamrunnaher Akter ◽  
ABM Jalal Uddin ◽  
Maksudur Rashid ◽  
Fahima Binthe Aziz ◽  
Md Bazlar Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Alternative Choice ◽  
Hematological Changes ◽  
Pineapple Leaves

Ascariasis is very common in indigenous chicken causing retarded growth, low productivity and mortality. Considering the problem of Ascaridia galli in chickens, anthelmintic resistance, high cost and human health hazard of chemical anthelmintic the use of medicinal plant is an alternative choice. The study was conducted to determine the incidence of ascariasis in Polashbari upazilla of Gobindhaganj district during July to November 2012 and subsequently evaluated the efficacy of pineapple (Ananus comosus) leaves extract against ascariasis infected chickens. Out of 500 chickens examined for presence of A. galli infestation by faecal sample examination, 365 hens and 135 cocks. The 292 female (80%) and 119 male (88.15%) were found infected with A. galli. The highest infection rate 95.26% was found in 60 to 90 days of age group. Infected chickens were treated with pineapple leaves extract @ 1ml/kg body weight per OS for 7 consecutive days. The efficacy of anthelmintic treatment was evaluated by counting fecal egg per gram (EPG) compared with pretreatment values. Body weight and hematological changes of each chicken was recorded in pre and post treatment. In the untreated control chickens the average EPG increased from 300 ± 11.07 to 340 ± 13.96. The average EPG reduced from 300 ± 11.07 to 60 ± 7.40 within 28 days of pineapple treatment. The mean body weight gain in treated chicken was significantly (p<0.01) higher than the control. Pineapple leaves extract increased the TEC, Hb and PCV and decreased TLC and ESR values of chickens. But in control group TEC, Hb and PCV decreased and TLC and ESR values increased. It may be concluded that pineapple leaves extract treatment effectively reduced the ascariasis load in chicken and improved body weight.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 157-163, April 2016

scholarly journals Effects of aqueous extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves as growth promoter and anti-colibacillosis in broilers

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Sarker ◽  
M Mostofa ◽  
F Akter ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MR Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The study was conducted to determine the efficacy of aqueous extract of Neem leaves against colibacillosis and as a growth promoter in broilers. A total of 40 commercial day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four equal groups; viz. A, B, C and D. Group A was kept as non-treated control, Group B  and C was treated with 1% Neem leaves in drinking water for six weeks,  and colibacillosis was induced at 2nd week in group C and  D. In group D, Neem leaves treatment continued from 2nd to 6th week after the colibacillosis induction to compare its antibacterial efficacy to prophylactic effect. Escherichia coli induction rate was 200µl per bird where 1 ml contains approximately 1X106 CFU (Colony Forming Unit). Data were recorded for live body weight, weekly gain in weight and hematological parameters of birds for six weeks. Clinical examination and antibacterial sensitivity studies  suggests administration of aqueous extract of Neem leaves significantly (p<0.001) improved body weight gain in the Neem treated groups but did not prevent E. coli induced colibacillosis in broilers.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i2.20715 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (2): 138-141

scholarly journals Caralluma Acutangula Prevents Body Weight Gain in Rats Feed on Hyperlipidic Diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Pare DRAMANE ◽  
Hilou ADAMA ◽  
Adrian POTÂRNICHE ◽  
Mabozou KPEMISSI ◽  
Orsolya SÁRPATAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hyperlipidic Diet

Caralluma acutangula (Decne.) (CA) (Asclepiadaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Burkina Faso for the management of weight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extract of CA on body weight, food intake, blood biochemistry parameters on experimental obesity rat model. One group received CA 400 mg/kg b.w. per day and was fed on hyperlipidic diet (HD), while the control group received HD only for three weeks long. The phytochemical investigation of extract showed a high total phenolic content (36.21±1.36 mg GAE/100mg of extract) and total flavonoids (4.98 ±0.31 QE/100 mg of extract). In the end, CA-HD treated group had a body weight loss of 2%, compared to HD group who presented a body weight gain of 15%. The CA-HD treated group showed also a lower levels of plasma triglyceride (136.57±13.82 mg/dL) and glycemia (187.74±31.16 mg/dL) compared to HD (206.02±23.82 and respectively 230.96±79.07 mg/dL) (p<0.05). CA extract also showed a good anti-oxidant activity in vivo (effect on antioxydant enzyme (MDA, GPX, SOD) and in vitro (inhibition of DPPH radical, ferric ion reduction). This study showed that CA is a potential natural remedy for the control of body weight and alleviation of obesity related disease.

In vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles from Elaeodendron croceum

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Odeyemi ◽  
J. De La Mare ◽  
A. L. Edkins ◽  
A. J. Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract Background The cytotoxic properties of nanoparticles have attracted a great deal of attention in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology due to their small size and ability to penetrate cellular membranes. Methods The silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Elaeodendron croceum stem bark and characterized. The oral acute toxicity studies were carried out by administration of 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg body weight to Wister rats in respective groups. An in vitro cytotoxicity assay was evaluated in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells using the WST-1 Cell Proliferation assay. The percentage of cell viability after treatment with aqueous extracts of Elaeodendron croceum (ECE) and Elaeodendron croceum silver nanoparticles (ECAgNPs) was compared with that of paclitaxel. Results The in vivo studies revealed that the LD50 was higher than 2000 mg/kg and there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the treatment groups compared with the control group for mean organ-to-body weight ratio except in the liver and in all hematological parameters except WBC and hematocrit. Similarly, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) for serum electrolytes (Na+, Mg2+ K+, Cl−, and Ca2+), total protein, urea, ɣ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, total and conjugated bilirubin between the treatment and the control group. However, there were changes in creatinine, urea, and cholesterol. In the in vitro assays, ECE and ECAgNPs showed IC50 values of 70.87±2.99 and 138.8±3.98 µg/mL respectively against MDA-MB-231 cells compared to paclitaxel, which showed an IC50 value of 80 ng/mL. Conclusion The results showed that the LD50 of the ECE and ECAgNPs in Wister rats was determined to be greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight. The aqueous extract also showed more cytotoxic than the ECAgNPs suggesting that the toxic compounds in aqueous extract were involved in the capping of the AgNPs.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity and Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) in SD Rats and in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes Models

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Jung-Yun Lee ◽  
Tae Yang Kim ◽  
Hanna Kang ◽  
Jungbae Oh ◽  
Joo Woong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Adipogenic Gene

Excess body weight is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated metabolic complications, and weight loss has been shown to improve glycemic control and decrease morbidity and mortality in T2D patients. Weight-loss strategies using dietary interventions produce a significant decrease in diabetes-related metabolic disturbance. We have previously reported that the supplementation of low molecular chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) significantly inhibited blood glucose levels in both animals and humans. However, the effect of GO2KA1 on obesity still remains unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of GO2KA1 on lipid accumulation and adipogenic gene expression using 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro and plasma lipid profiles using a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model. Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were stimulated to differentiate under the adipogenic stimulation in the presence and absence of varying concentrations of GO2KA1. Adipocyte differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O staining of lipids and the expression of adipogenic gene expression. Compared to control group, the cells treated with GO2KA1 significantly decreased in intracellular lipid accumulation with concomitant decreases in the expression of key transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBP/α). Consistently, the mRNA expression of downstream adipogenic target genes such as fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid synthase (FAS), were significantly lower in the GO2KA1-treated group than in the control group. In vivo, male SD rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks to induced obesity, followed by oral administration of GO2KA1 at 0.1 g/kg/body weight or vehicle control in HFD. We assessed body weight, food intake, plasma lipids, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) for liver function, and serum level of adiponectin, a marker for obesity-mediated metabolic syndrome. Compared to control group GO2KA1 significantly suppressed body weight gain (185.8 ± 8.8 g vs. 211.6 ± 20.1 g, p < 0.05) with no significant difference in food intake. The serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were significantly lower in the GO2KA1-treated group than in the control group, whereas the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level was higher in the GO2KA1 group. The GO2KA1-treated group also showed a significant reduction in ALT and AST levels compared to the control. Moreover, serum adiponectin levels were significantly 1.5-folder higher than the control group. These in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that dietary supplementation of GO2KA1 may prevent diet-induced weight gain and the anti-obesity effect is mediated in part by inhibiting adipogenesis and increasing adiponectin level.

scholarly journals Delving into the Antiurolithiatic Potential of Tribulus terrestris Extract Through –In Vivo Efficacy and Preclinical Safety Investigations in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Kaushik ◽  
Simran Tandon ◽  
Rishi Bhardwaj ◽  
Tanzeer Kaur ◽  
Surinder Kumar Singla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Preclinical Safety

Abstract Modern treatment interventions for kidney stones are wrought with side-effects, hence the need for alternative therapies such as plant-based medicines. We have previously documented through in vitro studies that statistically optimized aqueous extract of Tribulus terrestris (Zygophyllaceae family) possesses antiurolithic and antioxidant potential. This provides strong scientific foundation to conduct in vivo efficacy and preclinical safety studies to corroborate and lend further proof to its ability to prevent and cure kidney stones. The preventive and curative urolithiatic efficacy in experimentally induced nephrolithiatic Wistar rats, along with preclinical toxicity was evaluated following oral administration of statistically optimized aqueous extract of T. terrestris. Treatment showed augmented renal function, restoration of normal renal architecture and increase in body weight. Microscopic analysis of urine revealed excretion of small sized urinary crystals, demonstrating that treatment potentially modulated the morphology of renal stones. Tissue enzymatic estimation affirmed the antioxidant efficacy of treatment with reduced free radical generation. Significant upregulation of p38MAPK at both the gene and protein level was noted in hyperoxaluric group and interestingly treatment reversed it. Acute oral toxicity study established the Median Lethal Dose (LD50) to be greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) by repeated oral toxicity for 28 days at 750 mg/kg b.wt. was noted. This study lends scientific evidence to the safe, preventive and curative potential of statistically optimized aqueous extract of T. terrestris at a dose of 750 mg/kg b.wt. and suggests that the extract shows promise as a therapeutic antiurolithic agent.

scholarly journals Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic of Karala (Momordica charantia) Fruits in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Hossain ◽  
M Mostofa ◽  
D Debnath ◽  
AKMR Alam ◽  
Z Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Higher Doses

To investigate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect of Momordica charantia (Karala), the aqueous extract of the Karala fruit was tested on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty six albino rats were used in the experiment, 30 diabetic and the remaining six as negative control (T1). Diabetes was induced by administering (injecting) STZ at dose of 55mg/kg body weight. Thirty diabetic animals were randomly divided into five groups such as diabetic control group (T2) without any application of treatment, and groups T3,T4,T5 and T6 were treated with aqueous extract of Karala fruits daily at the doses of 250,    500 and 750mg/kg and glibenclamide (at a dose of 5mg/kg body weight) respectively. The body weight was taken and blood samples were collected from individual animal to determine glucose levels at 15 day interval up to 90 days. In addition, Asparate  Transaminenase(AST), Alanine Transaminenase(ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), Total cholesterol (TCh) and Triglyceride (TGA) were determined at day 15 and at the end of the experiment. All three doses of Karala extracts reduced diabetic induced blood sugar and the reduction is comparable with standard glibenclamide (GLM) dose particularly with higher doses Karala extracts (500 and 750mg). Karala also prevented body weight loss due to induced diabetes as did by GLM treatment.. The treatment also resulted in a significant reduction of Asparate Transaminenase(AST), Alanine Transaminenase(ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), Total cholesterol (TCh) and Triglyceride (TGA) activities of treated rats when compared to the STZ induced  diabetic rats. Higher doses of Karala (500 and 750mg/kg) are as effective as standard GLM dose on measured variables. This study demonstrated that Karala has hyperglycemia and antihyperlipidemic effect against STZ induced diabetic rats. These findings open the possibility of using Karala extract to treat diabetic animal and human patients although further research is warranted. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11550 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 29 - 37, 2012  

Inhibitory Effect of Resveratrol on the Pharmacokinetics of Ticagrelor in Vivo and Vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Xiao-Xia Hu ◽  
Ying-hui Li ◽  
Nan-Yong Gao ◽  
Guo-quan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group B

This study was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on the pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor in rats and the metabolism of ticagrelor in human CYP3A4 and liver microsomes. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: group A (control group), group B (50mg/kg resveratrol), and group C (150mg/kg resveratrol ). After 30 minutes administration of resveratrol, a single dose of ticagrelor (18mg/kg) was administered orally. The vitro experiment was performed to examine the influence of resveratrol on ticagrelor metabolism in CYP3A4*1, human, and rat liver microsomes. Serial biological samples were assayed by validated UHPLC-MS/MS methods. In vivo study, the AUC and Cmax of ticagrelor in group B and C appeared to be significantly higher than the control group, while Vz/F and CLz/F of ticagrelor in group B and C were significantly decreased. In vitro study, resveratrol exhibited an inhibitory effect on CYP3A4*1, human and rat liver microsomes. The IC50 values of resveratrol were 56.75μM，69.07μM and 14.22μM, respectively. Our results indicated that resveratrol had a inhibitory effect on the metabolism of ticagrelor in vitro and vivo. It should be paid more attention to the clinical combination of resveratrol with ticagrelor and ticagrelor plasma concentration should be monitored to avoid the occurrence of adverse reaction.

scholarly journals Growth rate and acid-base balance in turkeys fed a silage-containing diet modified by different dietary cation-anion difference

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 786-791
Author(s):  
Kamil Gruszczyński ◽  
Wacław Strobel ◽  
Marta Wójcik ◽  
Urszula Kosior-Korzecka ◽  
Joanna Wessely-Szponder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

The aim of the study was to find the responses of acid-base parameters and performance parameters of turkeys to a corn silage (CS) diet with different values of the dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD). The turkeys were fed as follows: group A (control) – standard diet (SD) (60%) plus CS (40%); group B – SD (60%), CS (40%) plus 240 g of CaCl2 per100 kg of diet; group C – SD (60%), CS (40%) plus 480 g of CaCl2 per 100 kg of diet; group D – SD (60%), CS (40%) plus 240 g of NaHCO3 per 100 kg of diet; group E – SD (60%), CS (40%) plus 480 g NaHCO3 per 100 kg of diet. The addition of the smaller amount of CaCl2 reduced DCAD, which ranged between 49.75 ± 6.29 mEq/kg DM and 93.56 ± 3.34 mEq/kg DM. An increased content of CaCl2 led to high, negative values of DCAD. NaHCO3 supplemented in both doses resulted in a significant elevation of DCAD. The addition of CS to the SD led to a lower body weight in comparison to that in the B, C, D and E groups. Forage acidification and alkalization improves body weight gain (BWG) at every stage of feeding. Compared to the control group, the anion gap was insignificantly lower in birds exposed to the acidic diet, and was comparable to the decrease in HCO3 –. Conversely, the addition of NaHCO3 to the diet led to a marked elevation in HCO3 – to 29.63 ± 0.4 mEq/L in group D and to 30.3 ± 0.69 mEq/l in group E. In conclusion, a change in DCAD during the feeding of forage containing CS exerts stimulatory effects on productive parameters of turkeys....

scholarly journals Bauhiniastatin-1 alleviates diet induced obesity and lipid accumulation through modulating PPAR-γ/AMPK expressions: In-vitro, in-vivo and in-silico studies.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karunakaran Reddy Sankaran ◽  
Lokanatha Oruganti ◽  
Muni Swamy Ganjayi ◽  
Venkataramaiah Chintha ◽  
Muni Kesavulu Muppuru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

Abstract Background: Consumption of energy dense foods and sedentary lifestyles have led to high prevalence of obesity and associated disorders. Intensive research efforts have focussed to develop effective alternative therapeutics from plant sources. Bauhiniastatins have been reported to possess antineoplastic activity. In the present study, Bauhiniastatin-1 (BSTN1) was isolated and purified from Bauhinia purpurea and evaluated for its therapeutic efficacy against adipogenesis and obesity using high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rodent model and 3T3-L1 cells.Methods: We performed in-vitro experiments like MTT assay, Oil Red O (ORO) stain, cellular lipid content, glycerol release and RT-PCR analysis in 3T3-L1 cells. In-vivo parameters like body weight gain, body composition, plasma adipokines, serum & liver lipid profiles, liver marker enzymes, western blot analysis and histopathological examination were conducted in rat model. In addition, molecular docking studies were also performed to understand interaction of BSTN1 with peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma receptor (PPAR-γ) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which supported our experimental results.Results: BSTN1 at 20 μM significantly (p<0.001) inhibited cell differentiation and lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mechanistic studies showed that mRNA expression of key adipogenic markers, PPAR-γ, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1) were down-regulated while AMPK was up-regulated by BSTN1. Oral administration of BSTN1 (5 mg/kg. b.wt.) to HFD-induced obese rats substantially decreased body weight gain, fat mass, serum and liver lipid levels and promoted integrity of hepatic and adipose tissue architecture compared to HFD-control rats. In BSTN1 administered groups, decreased serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, decreased plasma leptin but increased adiponectin levels were noted. Western blot analysis of adipose and hepatic tissues collected from BSTN1 treated rats showed decreased expression level of PPAR-γ but increase in AMPK expression relative to the untreated group. In-silico studies showed strong binding interactions of BSTN1 against PPAR-γ and AMPK, the key molecules of adipogenesis and obesity.Conclusions: Taken together, the results suggest that BSTN1 could be promising molecule for the treatment of diet-induced obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

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