Identification of frequently consumed commercially prepared ready-to-eat foods and beverages in Bangladesh

Ready-to-eat processed foods and beverages are eaten without further cooking or processing. These are generally energy-dense and contain a high amount of saturated fat, sodium, and added sugar. The consumption pattern of these foods varies regionally, seasonally, and agewise. The present study aims to identify commercially prepared ready-to-eat processed foods and beverages frequently consumed by different age groups in rural and urban areas of Bangladesh during the month of Ramadan and the non-Ramadan period. In this cross-sectional study, 948 individuals from 480 households in all eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh were interviewed during the month of Ramadan and the Non- Ramadan period. We identified puffed rice, peyaju, chanachur, chips, unbranded ice cream to be the overall highly consumed foods, consumed by 46.3, 40.1, 39.6 38.0, and 33.1 percent respondents, respectively. Consumption of foods other than puffed rice was significantly different across the age groups (p<0.05). A significantly higher number of respondents consumed puffed rice, deep-fried foods (peyaju, beguni, jilapi), and branded ice cream during Ramadan as compared to the non-Ramadan period (p<0.05). It was also found that the overall consumption rate of packaged items was higher among the urban population as compared to the respondent living in rural areas. When the foods were scored according to their consumption rate stratified by age, fasting, and regions, puffed rice, chips, chanachur, unbranded ice cream, peyaju were found to be top foods. Considering frequent intake of processed foods their nutrient composition should be analyzed to know their healthiness. Bioresearch Commu. 7(2): 1019-1030, 2021 (June)

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Examining the Dietary Diversity of Children in Niger

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13092961 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 2961

Author(s):

Nafissatou Cisse Egbuonye ◽

Ariun Ishdorj ◽

E.L.J. McKyer ◽

Rahma Mkuu

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Concern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Child Factors

Malnutrition is a major public health concern in Niger. The stunting rate in children in Niger is over 50%, one of the highest in the world. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine children’s dietary diversity (CDD) and the maternal factors that impact CDD. A total of 1265 mother–child pairs were analyzed. Descriptive analysis was conducted to present maternal and child characteristics. To compare the mean scores of CDD in relation to the region, an independent sample t-test was conducted. A one-way ANOVA test was conducted to evaluate the CDD score by different age groups. A linear regression model was estimated to identify household, maternal and child factors that affect the CDD score. Our results indicate that most of the participants of our survey resided in rural areas and the majority (80.7%) of the mothers had no education. Factors such as region, children’s age, woman’s empowerment, vitamin A intake and wealth index were significant predictors of CDD (p < 0.05). The children residing in rural areas were more likely to have lower CDD scores (p < 0.05) than the children in urban areas, therefore becoming more susceptible to malnutrition.

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Pathogenicity and non-opportunistic character of Blastocystis spp.: a hospital-based survey in Central Cameroon

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.10122 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (05) ◽

pp. 373-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Stéphanie Jupsa-Mbiandou ◽

Samuel Fosso ◽

Edimo Billé ◽

Tito T Mélachio-Tanekou ◽

Gideon Ajeagah-Aghaindum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Age Groups ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Blastocystis Spp ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Hiv Negative

Introduction: Blastocystis spp. is a protist found in humans. Although usually the most frequent protozoa found in stool samples of both symptomatic and healthy subjects, its pathogenic or rather opportunistic role is yet to be clearly elucidated. To attempt to fill this gap, a cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the frequency of Blastocystis spp. in HIV positive (HIV+) versus HIV negative (HIV-) individuals in four health facilities of the Center Region of Cameroon. Methodology: Stool samples were collected from 283 HIV positive and 245 HIV negative subjects and analyzed using direct diagnostic tests. Results: A total of 46 (8.7%) individuals were found infected with Blastocystis spp., including 6.7% HIV positive and 11.0% HIV negative. This species was more frequent in urban and semi-urban areas than in rural areas, but evenly distributed among genders and age groups as well as among all sectors of activity. The prevalence of Blastocystis spp. (11.3%) was higher in HIV+ patients with a CD4 count ≥ 500 cells / mm3, but no significant difference was found among HIV clinical stages. Likewise prevalence, the mean number of cysts per gram of stool was similar between HIV positive and HIV negative individuals. People infected with Blastocystis spp. showed diverse clinical signs, but only flatulence was significantly more prevalent. The frequencies of these clinical signs were not related to HIV status. Conclusion: No clear relationship links the infection with Blastocystis spp. to HIV, although its presence was associated with digestive disorder, suggesting that this parasite might not be opportunist.

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KUALITAS DIET, STATUS GIZI DAN STATUS ANEMIA WANITA PRAKONSEPSI ANTARA DESA DAN KOTA

GIZI INDONESIA ◽

10.36457/gizindo.v43i1.401 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Cindy Fariski ◽

Fillah Fithra Dieny ◽

Hartanti Sandi Wijayanti

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Energy Deficiency ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Chronic Energy Deficiency ◽

Rural And Urban

The health status during the preconception period was important to prepare pregnancy. Living patterns that can affect diet quality and nutritional status. This study aimed to analyze the differences in diet quality, nutritional status, and anemia between preconception women in rural and urban areas. This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design that consisted of 68 brides aged 16-35 years selected by consecutive sampling. Diet quality was obtained by diet quality index international (DQI-I) form. Nutritional status based on body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Hemoglobin levels were measured by the cyanmethemoglobin method. Data were analyzed by Independent T-test and Mann Whitney. Subjects in rural and urban areas had low diet quality. The score of variation in the type of protein intake, total fat, and saturated fat was higher in rural areas than urban areas (p=0,001; p=0,013; p=0,002). The mean BMI and MUAC were higher in urban subjects than rural subjects but the hemoglobin levels of rural subjects were higher than urban subjects. The subjects of anemia in urban was 23,5 percent were higher than rural was 14,7 percent but the risk of chronic energy deficiency in rural was 55,9% were higher than urban was 11,8 percent. There were no differences in diet quality and hemoglobin levels between preconception women in rural and urban areas (p=0,990; p=0,116). There were a differences in BMI and MUAC (p=0,026; p=<0,001). There were differences in nutritional status based on BMI and MUAC in both areas. There were no differences in diet quality and hemoglobin levels in rural and urban areas

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High sodium food consumption pattern among Malaysian population

Journal of Health Population and Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s41043-021-00230-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad ◽

Cheong Siew Man ◽

Fatimah Othman ◽

Feng J. He ◽

Ruhaya Salleh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Adult Population ◽

Consumption Patterns ◽

Soy Sauce ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Sodium

Abstract Background Sodium is an essential mineral needed by the human body that must be obtained from food. An excess intake, however, can lead to many diseases. As food is the main source of sodium, this study aims to provide information on high sodium food consumption patterns in the Malaysian adult population. Methods The Malaysian Community Salt Study (MyCoSS) was a nationwide cross-sectional study, conducted between October 2017 and March 2018. A multistage complex sample was applied to select a nationally representative sample of respondents aged 18 years and above. Face to face interview by a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) comprising 104 food items was used to gain information on high sodium food consumption patterns. Results A total of 1047 respondents were involved in this study, with 1032 (98.6%) answering the FFQ. From the number, 54.1% exceed the recommendation of sodium intake <2000mg/day by FFQ assessment. The results also demonstrated that fried vegetables (86.4%) were the most common high sodium food consumed, followed by bread (85.9%) and omelet (80.3%). In urban areas, bread was the most common while fried vegetables took the lead in rural areas. By sex, bread was most commonly eaten by males and fried vegetables by females. The results also found that kolok mee/kampua mee contributed the highest sodium, 256.5mg/day in 9.0% adult population, followed by soy sauce 248.1mg/day in 33.2% adult population, and curry noodles 164.2mg/day in 18.5% adult population. Conclusion Fried vegetables, bread, and soy sauce were the main source of sodium consumption among adult. Reducing the amount of sodium added to these foods should be the top priority to reduce population sodium intake and thereby prevent sodium-related diseases in Malaysia.

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Self-rated health and indicators of SES among the ageing in three types of communities

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1080/14034940600813206 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 39-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Olli P. Nummela ◽

Tommi T. Sulander ◽

Heikki S. Heinonen ◽

Antti K. Uutela

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Community Intervention ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Subjective Health ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Men And Women ◽

Self Rated Health

Aims: This paper examines associations between self-rated health, three indicators of SES (self-reported education, disposable household income, adequacy of income) and three types of communities (urban, densely or sparsely populated rural areas) among ageing men and women in the Province of Päijät-Häme, Southern Finland. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the magnitude of community type when examining the relation between subjective health and SES. Methods: Cross-sectional questionnaire data gathered in the spring of 2002 for a prospective follow-up of community interventions were used. These data, together with a number of clinical and laboratory measurements, yielded the baseline for a 10-year community intervention study. A representative stratified (age, gender, area) sample of men and women living in the province and belonging to the birth cohorts 1926—1930, 1936—1940, and 1946—1950 was obtained from the National Population Registry. The target sample was 4,272, with 2,815 persons responding (66% response rate). Results: Positive associations between indicators of SES and self-rated health were observed in all three community types. After adjusting for other factors, adequacy of income showed the strongest (positive) association with self-rated health in urban areas in all age groups. A similar pattern of associations, with varying statistical significance, though, was found in the two rural areas. Conclusions: This study supports the view that while actual income is positively correlated to health, adequacy of income is an even stronger predictor of it. Thus, there was a significant link between better financial standing and good health among ageing people, especially in urban areas.

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Accidents in Children under 5 Years in Yazd Province, Iran

Journal of Disaster and Emergency Research ◽

10.18502/jder.v2i1.569 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Dehghani ◽

Sadegh Kazemi ◽

Samaneh Mirzaei ◽

Mohammad Reza Sadeghian

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Age Groups ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children Under 5 ◽

At Home

Introduction:Accidents are one of the most important causes of injury and death across the world, including Iran. The epidemiological data play a key role in taking effective strategic decisions for their prevention and control. This study was conducted to determine the Frequency of different types of accidents in children aged under 5 years living in Yazd province, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data on 2489 children under 5 years referred to hospitals in Yazd province were collected from March, 2015 to March, 2016, using the accidents registration forms and the related software. Chi-square test was incorporated to analyze the results using SPSS version 19. Results: The frequency of accidents in boys was 1460 (58.7%) and in girls 1029 (41.3%). Accidents occurred most frequently in April-May (n: 245, 9.8%) and the winter (n: 693, 27.8%). 93.3% of accidents occurred in the urban areas, 4.4% in the rural areas and 2.3% in outside the city and the villages. The total number of accidents at home was 1743 (70%) and in the alleys and on the streets 495 (19%), the most frequent accident was falling (n: 743, 29.9%), followed by burns (n: 543, 21.8%) and trauma (n: 495, 19.9%). The difference in the type of accident between different age groups was significant (P< 0.001). Conclusion: The comparatively higher frequency of falling, burn, trauma, as well as the accidents at home and in the winter indicate parents’ insufficient attention to home safety standards and their lack of adequate information about protection of children under5 years against the most common accidents of this age group. Planning for and intervention in these areas might help in reducing the accidents.

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A cross-sectional study on diabetes epidemiology among people aged 40 years and above in Shenyang, China

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-74889-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cong Liu ◽

Xiaojiu Li ◽

Muhui Lin ◽

Limin Zheng ◽

Xiaohong Chen

Keyword(s):

Influencing Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Age Groups ◽

Epidemiological Survey ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Treatment Rate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Diabetic Treatment ◽

And Control

Abstract This study aimed at understanding the diabetic prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates and their influencing factors among people aged ≥ 40 years in Shenyang, China. A face-to-face cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted on the respondents using the national unified questionnaire. A total of 3922 respondents were enrolled, including 609 cases of diabetes. The diabetic prevalence rate was 15.5%, and was higher in rural areas than that in urban areas (17.7% vs. 14.2%, p = 0.004), while no difference was observed between men and women (14.8% vs. 16.1%, p = 0.242). Advanced age, hypertension and dyslipidemia were the diabetes influencing factors. Among the 609 respondents with diabetes, the diabetic awareness and treatment rates, and the control rate of fasting plasma glucose were 82.3%, 36.6% and 17.1%, respectively. In different age groups, the diabetic awareness rate was higher in men than that in women, and the treatment rate was higher in women than that in men. The diabetic patients, who consumed fruit for ≥ 5 days a week, accounted for 16.3%, and their diabetic treatment (28.1%) and control rates (44.1%) were lower. Shenyang people aged ≥ 40 years have higher diabetic prevalence and awareness rates, and lower diabetic treatment and control rates. Finally, it is necessary to enhance awareness and education about diabetes, to improve its treatment and control rates.

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Is neighbourhood walkability related to body mass index among different age groups? A cross-sectional study of Canadian urban areas

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032475 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. e032475 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Justin Thielman ◽

Ray Copes ◽

Laura C Rosella ◽

Maria Chiu ◽

Heather Manson

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neighbourhood Walkability ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Objectively Measured

BackgroundStudies of neighbourhood walkability and body mass index (BMI) have shown mixed results, possibly due to biases from self-reported outcomes or differential effects across age groups. Our objective was to examine relationships between walkability and objectively measured BMI in various age groups, in a nationally representative population.MethodsThe study population came from the 2007–2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey, a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative Canadian population. In our covariate-adjusted analyses, we included survey respondents aged 6–79 who were not pregnant, did not live in rural areas, were not missing data and were not thin/underweight. We used objectively measured height and weight to calculate BMI among adults aged 18–79 and zBMI among children aged 6–17. We categorised respondents into walkability quintiles based on their residential Street Smart Walk Score values. We performed linear regression to estimate differences between walkability quintiles in BMI and zBMI. We analysed adults and children overall; age subgroups 6–11, 12–17, 18–29, 30–44, 45–64 and 65–79; and sex subgroups.ResultsThe covariate-adjusted models included 9265 respondents overall. After adjustment, differences between walkability quintiles in BMI and zBMI were small and not statistically significant, except for males aged 6–17 in the second-highest walkability quintile who had significantly lower zBMIs than those in the lowest quintile.ConclusionAfter accounting for confounding factors, we did not find evidence of a relationship between walkability and BMI in children or adults overall, or in any age subgroup with sexes combined. However, post hoc analysis by sex suggested males aged 6–17 in more walkable areas may have lower zBMIs.

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An Epidemiological, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Study of Giardia lamblia in Anbar Province – Iraq

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.9.1.7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (01) ◽

pp. 39-45

Author(s):

Suad Shallal Shahatha

Keyword(s):

Teaching Hospital ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Giardia Lamblia ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Culture Media ◽

Age Groups ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Women And Children ◽

Teucrium Polium L ◽

Therapeutic Study

This study was carried out to investigate the epidemiology of Giardia lamblia parasites in patients who visited some of the hospitals in Anbar province, which included (Fallujah Teaching Hospital, Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Women and Children and Hit Hospital) during by examining 864 stool samples in a direct examination method, The results revealed the infection rate was 41.7 % and the percentage of infection among males 47.8% is higher than that of females 35.4% with significant differences (p≤0.05). The age groups (1-9) years recorded the highest rates 55.4% and the lowest rate 13.6% in the age group (40-49) years. The highest rate of infection was 62.5% during the month of June, while the month of October was the lowest rate 5% and significant differences. The incidence rate in rural areas was 50.6% higher than in the urban areas 32.5%. The study also included the effect of Teucrium polium L. on the parasite in the culture media HSP-1, the concentrations of 0.5-3 mg / mL significantly affected Giardia, it was noted whenever the greater the concentration, the greater the effect during different treatment periods (1-4) days, as the highest concentration 3 mg/ml killed all Giardia parasites on the fourth day of treatment.

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Knowledge and intake of folic acid to prevent neural tube defects among pregnant women in urban China: a cross-sectional study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03893-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mingming Cui ◽

Xiao-Lin Lu ◽

Yan-Yu Lyu ◽

Fang Wang ◽

Xiao-Lu Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Neural Tube ◽

Neural Tube Defects ◽

Rural Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Unplanned Pregnancy ◽

Urban China ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background The prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in China declined during 2000–2017 with periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation, which is effective in reducing the risk of birth defects. We aimed to assess the knowledge and actual use of FA among Chinese pregnant women and to explore factors associated with FA use before pregnancy. Methods All data were collected in face-to-face interviews during health visits among pregnant women. We collected information about knowledge and use of FA supplements and demographic, socioeconomic, and health status. One maternity and childcare hospital was chosen in each of four cities: Beijing, Huaibei, Kunming, and Haikou. In total, 435 pregnant women were randomly recruited for interviews conducted from June to December 2016. Results A total of 428 pregnant women were included in this survey. Of these, 82.0% (351/428) knew that FA can prevent NTDs, and 75.9% (325/428) knew the correct time to take FA. Overall, 65.9% (282/428) of women knew both that FA can prevent NTDs and the recommended time to take FA before pregnancy. Approximately 95.1% (407/428) of women reported having ever taken FA, only 46.3% (198/428) had begun to take FA supplementation before conception, and 64.5% (109/169) of women from rural areas failed to take FA before pregnancy. Women living in northern China (odds ratio [OR] = 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18–2.77), those with unplanned pregnancy (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.30–3.04), and highly educated women (OR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.45–3.88) were more likely to know about FA. Women who were homemakers (OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.21–3.11) and had unplanned pregnancy (OR = 6.18, 95% CI 4.01–9.53) were less likely to begin taking FA before pregnancy. Conclusions Our survey showed that most pregnant women knew about FA. Although preconception intake of FA can help to reduce NTDs, improving the rate of FA intake before pregnancy is needed in urban areas of China, especially among homemakers and women from rural areas or with unplanned pregnancy. Campaigns are needed to increase awareness about FA and FA use before pregnancy among rural women, homemakers, and those with unplanned pregnancy and lower education levels.

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