scholarly journals Monitoring of seasonal variation of some trace metals concentration in surface water collected from the coastal area of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
M Raknuzzaman ◽  
MH Al Mamun ◽  
MK Ahmed ◽  
M Tokumura ◽  
S Masunaga
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Sundarbans

This study was conducted to determine the seasonal variation of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb concentrations in water from four coastal sites of Bangladesh. The mean concentrations of trace metals in the water samples in the range of each elements were Cr (2.6−15.3), Ni (5.1−77.5), Cu (10.2−510), Zn (5.0-1390), As (2.1−13.3), Cd (0.006−0.09), Pb (0.4−109 μg/l) in summer and Cr (3.6−43.7), Ni (10.8−42.4), Cu (7.3−45.2), Zn (18.0-73.9), As (4.0−19.7), Cd (0.025−0.087), Pb (2.8−34.8 μg/l) in winter. The mean concentrations of the metals in water followed a decreasing order of Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cr > As > Cd in the summer and Zn > Ni > Cr > Cu >Pb > As > Cd in the winter. The water of Cox’s Bazar hatchery site showed the highest levels of Zn (1390), Cu (510) and Pb (109 μg/l) in summer while As (19.7 μg/l) showed highest in Cox’s Bazar Bakkhali estuary in the winter samples. The elevated level of Ni (77.5 μg/L) in the summer and Cr (43.7 μg/l) in the winter water samples were also found in the Sundarbans site. The mean concentrations of all estimated trace metals were higher in the winter than in the summer season. It was both in the Chittagong port and Meghna estuary. For the Meghna estuary, the highest concentration of Zn (36.0 μg/l) was observed in the water sample of winter season. Some trace metals exceeded the international quality guidelines. Suspended solid, temperature, rainfall, anthropogenic inputs and geomorphologic setup are influenced by seasonal vagaries which alter the variation of metal distribution. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(2): 67-80

Seasonal variation in trachoma prevalence among children, District Dera Ghazi Khan of Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Abdul Rehman Khokhar ◽  
Tehseen Iqbal ◽  
Mujahid Hussain ◽  
Qurrat-ul Ain Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Active Trachoma ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Objective: The study objective was to estimate trachoma prevalence in relation to seasonal variation among children. Methods: Study Design was cross sectional and data was collected during all seasons of the year. After randomization of population units, 10% of them were identified by lottery and 5% of them were selected and examined for active trachoma case detection by simple random sampling technique. Total number of study participants were nine thousands seven hundred and ten (n=9710) from both urban and rural population units. The study was conducted during January –December 2018 during all three seasons of the year. After clinical examination, data was entered into a questionnaire Performa, which was used as tool for data collection. A Chi-square test was applied to compare trachoma cases among different seasons and among both boys and girls. Results: Maximum burden of disease (62.4%) was reported during spring and winter season. Both spring and winter seasons have six months duration. During summer season, 37.6% (n=70) cases were reported. A highly significant (<0.01) relationship was reported between summer and spring seasons and trachoma prevalence (p < 0.01). A high prevalence was noted among female children. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of active trachoma was noted during summer season. Keywords: trachoma, seasonal variation, children, Continuous...

Diversity and seasonal variation of insect pests of Jatropha in Gaborone, Botswana

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 294-298
Author(s):  
Masego Masukujane ◽  
Tidimalo Coetzee ◽  
Robert Bob Ngwanathebe ◽  
Yudai Ishimoto ◽  
Kinya Akashi
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractJatropha curcas L. is a stem-succulent shrub that produces high concentrations of seed oils that are convertible into biodiesel. In this study, the incidence of four insect pests on Jatropha, Strabala rufa, Gnathamitermes tubiformans, Pempelia morosalis, and Acanthoplus discoidalis was recorded over three years in a semi-arid climate in Gaborone, Botswana. The occurrence of these insects was concentrated in the summer season from October to April, while lower numbers of all species were found in May as the temperature began to reduce towards the winter season, suggesting that insect pests of Jatropha exhibit a unique temporal pattern in this region. A considerable variation was observed among Jatropha accessions regarding the insect pest occurrence, indicating a vast difference in the susceptibility to insect pests among Jatropha accessions.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variations in Cataract Surgery Numbers in Mid Western and Far Western Terrain Belts of Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Pradeep Bastola ◽  
C. Bascaran ◽  
A. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Number Of Patients

Introduction: In western regions of Nepal many more cataract operations are performed during the winter season than the summer season. This causes problems with resource allocation. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of seasonal variation in cataract surgery, explore the causes, and make recommendations to optimize resource utilization.Methods: Hospital data of the number of patients undergoing cataract surgery in the years 2011, 2012 and 2013 in 3 hospitals was analyzed by month of surgery. 100 consecutive patients having cataract surgery in the winter season and 100 in the summer season were compared for differences and questioned as to the reasons for choosing cataract surgery at that time.Results: Of the 127,718 cataract operations performed over 3 years in the 3 hospitals, 45% were performed in the 3 months February-April and 9% in the 3 months June-August. The mean number performed in March (highest volume month) was more than 7 times higher than that performed in July (lowest month) – 8016 versus 1041 per month. At univariate level nationality, marital status, socioeconomic status, cost per surgery, occupation, age and ethnicity were associated with seasonal variations. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of seasonal uptake showed Nationality/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic status and cost per surgery statistically significant in predicting attendance in high season.Conclusions: There is a large seasonal variation in cataract surgery numbers in West Nepal. Factors including patients' nationality cost of surgery and cultural beliefs contribute to the seasonal variation. If these can be addressed then resource allocation and utilization can be improved.JNGMC Vol. 12 No. 2 December 2014, Page: 24-29

scholarly journals Changes in Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Periparturient Murrah Buffaloes during Summer and Winter Season: A Study to Assess Seasonal and Transitional Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K.I. Vasantha ◽  
Ch. Srinivasa Prasad ◽  
B.R. Naik ◽  
K.A. Kumar ◽  
Ch. V. Seshaiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Murrah Buffaloes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

Background: Environmental stress and transition period in buffaloes imposes significant changes in hemato-biochemical parameters. On this background the present study was attempted to evaluate biochemical parameters in transition buffaloes during summer and winter seasons. Methods: Thirty six advanced pregnant and non-pregnant Murrah buffaloes of around 5 years of age were randomly selected. Whole blood was collected from twelve buffaloes each in their transition period during winter and summer season for a period of five weeks and six non pregnant buffaloes for each season served as control. Haematological, biochemical parameters were estimated and THI was calculated in both the seasons. Result: The mean THI, TEC, Hb, MCH, MCHC, SOD activity and MDA levels were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in summer compared to winter, while MCV and GSH activity was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in winter compared to summer. No significant (p greater than 0.05) difference between seasons was observed with respect to TLC, monocyte and lymphocyte per cent. Moreover, Hb, SOD, GSH and MDA concentration differed significantly (p less than 0.05) throughout the transition period during summer and winter seasons, while TEC, MCV, MCH and MCV concentration did not change (p greater than 0.05) with transition period in both the seasons. The present study indicated that summer season had profound effect on hemato-biochemical parameters. While SOD, GSH and MDA could be used as markers of transitional stress in Murrah buffaloes.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of antioxidant enzymatic responses in the desiccation-tolerant bryophyte Syntrichia ruralis (Hedw.) Web. & Mohr.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Ruchika Kashyap ◽  
Zsolt Csintalan ◽  
Katalin Veres ◽  
Evelin Ramóna Péli
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
North East ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Mean

Bryophytes are poikilohydric organisms that can be used as model plants to study desiccation tolerance mechanisms. The main objective of this study was to examine the activities of the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) in the rehydrated and desiccated states in Syntrichia ruralis (Hedw.) Web. & Mohr. from two slopes, one North-east (NE) and one South-west (SW) facing and collected in different seasons. Our results showed seasonal variation in the enzymatic activities of APX, CAT and POD between the slopes in both the rehydrated and desiccated states. The mean value of all the activities of APX, CAT and POD and MDA contents (a measure of lipid peroxidation) tended to be higher in moss cushions collected from the NE compared to the SW facing slopes except in summer season. The mean values of all enzymatic activities were higher in desiccated states as compared with rehydrated states. Protein content has lower values in summer and winter season. Differences in the antioxidant activities of the mosses growing on the two slopes may reflect adaptations to desiccation stress.

Seasonal Influence on Sexual Behaviour of Jaffrabadi Buffalo Bulls

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
K H Parmar ◽  
A J Dhami ◽  
F S Kavani ◽  
G B Solanki ◽  
K S Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Penile Erection ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fortnightly Interval

The study was carried out on four mature Jaffrabadi breeding bulls (4–6 years old) maintained at Cattle Breeding Farm, JAU, Junagadh for a period of 8 months during winter and summer. The seasonal and bull variations in sexual behavior traits were studied. A total of 64 observations (32 per season, 8 per bull) were availed at the fortnightly interval. The mean values/ scores for temperament (0–5 scale), libido (0–9 scale), penile erection (0–4 scale), protrusion (0–4 scale), intensity of thrust (0–4 scale), reaction time (sec) and Flehmen reaction (0, 1) during winter season were 1.28 ± 0.08, 6.75 ± 0.19, 3.22 ± 0.74, 2.88 ± 0.59, 3.15 ± 0.65, 125.00 ± 6.92 and 0.91 ± 0.43, respectively, while the respective values in summer season were 2.22 ± 0.07, 5.93 ± 0.43, 2.84 ± 0.65, 2.75 ± 0.59, 2.93 ± 0.13, 143.5 ± 7.07 and 0.88 ± 0.06. There were significant differences among seasons for temperament, libido and penile erection score of Jaffrabadi bulls. Significant differences among bulls were also found for libido score, the intensity of thrust and reaction time in the winter season, and for ejaculatory thrust in the summer season. All these traits were highly significantly and positively interrelated (r = 0.353 to 0.512), except Flehmen reaction and reaction time which were negatively correlated with all other behavioral traits (r = –340 to –0.499). Summer in general significantly exerted an adverse effect on the sexual behavior of Jaffrabadi bulls, and winter was the favored season. It could be concluded from the study that the Jaffrabadi bulls had good sexual behavior scores throughout both the seasons, however, bulls showed better sexual behavior during winter as compared to summer.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of Leptospira species in pond and paddy field water samples in Thrissur district

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Nair Archana S. ◽  
Vrinda Menon K. ◽  
Latha C. ◽  
Sunil B.
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
The Western Ghats ◽  
Leptospira Species

Leptospirosis is an acute anthropozoonotic infection occurring worldwide caused by a pathogenic spirochete belonging to the genus Leptospira. The highest occurrence of leptospirosis in tropical countries is directly related to heavy rainfall and flooding. The changing rainfall pattern in the Western Ghats with rainless days during the monsoon months is reportedly affecting normal climatic condition of Kerala. Leptospires are able to survive in an environment with high humidity and moderate temperature.. The present study was undertaken to study the seasonal variation in occurrence of Leptospira spp. in pond and paddy field water in Thrissur district of Kerala. The samples were collected in two seasons i.e. monsoon (June to September) (Season-1) and summer (February to May) (Season-2) for the identification of Leptospira spp. The water samples were subjected to PCR for identification of the organism. The temperature and pH of water samples were recorded at the time of collection. The different physicochemical parameters of water in these two sources were in the range of pH (6.5- 7.9), conductivity (85- 150 µs/cm), salinity (0.02- 0.12 psu), turbidity (5-50NTU), dissolved oxygen (6-8 mg/L). Out of the 80 samples analysed, 52 (23 from monsoon and 29 from summer) samples detected 16Sr RNA at 430 bp and hence was positive for Leptospira species. The pathogenicity of the positive isolates were analysed by detecting the virulence gene viz., lipl 32, lipl 21 and lipl 41 respectively. The results revealed that out of the total isolates of Leptospira, 23 and 21 isolates were positive for lipl 21 and lipl 41 in monsoon and summer seasons respectively. Out of the total 85 paddy field water samples collected, 17 samples were found to be positive for Leptospira spp. The virulence gene lipl 21 was detected in three samples in summer season. However, lipl 32 and lipl 41 genes were not detected in any of the samples. The results of the present study demonstrated the ubiquitous nature of the organism in environment in the both seasons. The contaminated environment can hence be one of the sources for the increase in the frequency of human and animal leptospirosis in Kerala. Keywords: Leptospira spp., Leptospirosis, Paddy field water quality, lipl 32, lipl 21 and lipl 41

scholarly journals Seasons and pediatric dermatoses: a cross-sectional observational study in an urban skin hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Laxmi B. Horatti ◽  
Kumar Dilip N. R. ◽  
A. R. Shashikiran
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Status ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Skin Conditions

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> It is a well-known that climatic conditions and seasonal variation have a direct effect on skin and the prevalence of certain skin diseases change directly with changing seasons. The presence of certain skin diseases in children reflect the status of health, hygiene and personal cleanliness of the society. The aim of the study was to know the prevalence of various skin conditions in different seasons.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> All fresh cases of children under 12 years of age attending the skin OPD were recorded and were divided based on the three seasons i.e.; summer winter and rainy. The results were statistically evaluated.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The top six conditions of our study were impetigo, miliaria, pityriasis alba, scabies, xerosis and papular urticaria. Impetigo and miliaria were more common during summer season, xerosis during winter season and scabies during rainy season.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Different climatic conditions have varied effect on the skin and may lead to various dermatoses. To effectively corelate between seasons and skin conditions more such extensive studies on different population and ethnic groups have to be conducted.</p>

scholarly journals Home Range and Distance Covered of Chukar Partridge Aectoris Chukar at Mandal Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 014 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Kukreti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Garhwal Himalaya ◽  
Maximum Range ◽  
Chukar Partridge

Present paper reports Home range and distance covered of Chukar partridge at mandal valley, Garhwal Himalaya from November 2018 to October 2019. During the study period, average home range (altitude M) of Chukar was 1756.75±7.75 and average distance covered from water source 69.52±6.76 (M), maximum range observed in month of June (1812±8.0) while minimum range observed in November month (1708±5.0) respectively. Maximum distance covered observed in August month (99.04±11.42) and minimum distance covered recorded in month of May (41.10±4.83). Seasonal variation was also observed, Maximum range in Summer season (1803±10.33)and minimum observed in winter season (1713.33±8.0), seasonal variation also observed in monsoon and post monsoon season (84.85± 8.77) while minimum value was observed in summer season (47.77±6.44) respectively.

scholarly journals Observation and Seasonal Variation of Lady Bird Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 361-365
Author(s):  
Dugaje Punam ◽  
Shaikh Tabassum
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
The Family ◽  
Seasonal Diversity ◽  
Study Sites

The Coccinellids, which are commonly called as lady bird beetles belong to the family Coccinellidae of the order Coleoptera. The year was divided into three season viz., summer, monsoon, winter and the diversity was calculated for each season in all the study sites. The highest seasonal diversity was observed during winter season in all the study sites followed by monsoon and summer season.

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