scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Root Extracts of Piper Chaba

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarannum Naz ◽  
Ashik Mosaddik ◽  
M. Ekramul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

  Antibacterial and antifungal properties of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Piper chaba (Choi) roots were studied by disc diffusion method and these activities were compared with primary standard drugs Kanamycin and Nystatin, respectively. The extracts were found to exhibit promising antibacterial and antifungal properties against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The extracts were also studied for their cytotoxic activities by brine shrimp lethality bioassay, where gallic acid was used as primary standard. It was observed that the petroleum ether extract was potent cytotoxic with the LC50 value of 0.95 µg/ml against Artemia salina (L). The essential oils of the petroleum ether extract of Piper chaba roots were analysed by GC/MS. It was observed that most of the compounds were sesquiterpenes, some were long chain fatty acids and some were monoterpenes and alkaloids. Seventeen compounds were identified from the GC/MS analysis. Keywords: Piper chaba, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, cytotoxicity. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i1.1446

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN LEAVES AND FLOWERS OF CHROMOLAENA SCABRA (L. F.) R.M. KING AND H. ROB.

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
PAULA ALEJANDRA GIRALDO VILLAMIL ◽  
ANDRÉS CAMILO ANDRADE BURBANO ◽  
LUIS POMBO OSPINA ◽  
JANETH ARIAS PALACIOS ◽  
ÓSCAR EDUARDO RODRÍGUEZ AGUIRRE
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of leaf and flower extract in Chromolaena scabra (L. f.) R.M. King and H. Rob., against selected strains of bacteria and fungi. Methods: The agar diffusion method with plate perforation was developed; the microorganisms used were strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium digitatum. Rifampicin was used as a positive control. The evaluation was performed by measuring the diameter of the growth inhibition zones around the holes. The inhibitory effect of the plant extracts was obtained by its efficiency compared to the positive control. A comparison with fluconazole and ketoconazole was performed to determine how much of the extract is required to cause inhibition of fungal growth from the standard. Results: IC50 was determined by relating the ln of mass evaluated with respect to the square of the inhibition halo; ethanolic extracts of leaves and flowers of petroleum ether with IC50 values of 85.8 mg/ml and 50.3 mg/ml showed the highest inhibitory effect against S. aureus; the extract of petroleum ether and ethanol from leaves with IC50 of 64 mg/ml and 60 mg/ml, respectively. They were effective with A. niger. Leaf petroleum ether extract showed the best relative antifungal activity against A. niger with respect to fluconazole equivalent to 459.51 when fluconazole is 1.0. Conclusion: The extracts with high potential to inhibit the growth of microorganisms were determined to be ether flowers of petroleum and ethanol leaf extracts.

scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF PIMENTA DIOICA (L.) MERRIL AN AROMATIC MEDICINAL TREE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Bhat ◽  
Raveesha K. A.
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Pimenta Dioica

<p><strong>Objective</strong>:<strong> </strong>To assess the antifungal activities of the extracts of leaves of <em>Pimenta dioica</em> against human pathogenic fungi and identify the class of phytochemical responsible for the biological activity.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>:<strong> </strong>The shade dried, and powdered leaves of <em>Pimenta dioica</em> were subjected to polarity based solvent extraction by soaking. The extracts were dried in a rotary flash evaporator and subjected to antifungal activity assay against <em>Candida albicans</em>, <em>Microsporum canis </em>and<em> M. gypseum</em>, by disc diffusion method. Antifungal active petroleum ether extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis to identify the active compound. The extract was then subjected to Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Bioautography, by agar overlay method. The fractions were collected by Preparative TLC method and subjected to antifungal activity assay by disc diffusion method. Further, the Libermann-Burchard test was conducted to detect the broad group of compounds responsible for the bioactivity.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>:<strong> </strong>Among the five extracts viz. petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous, the petroleum ether extract showed significant antifungal activity against <em>Microsporum canis</em> (50 mm), <em>Microsporum gypseum</em> (60 mm) and <em>Candida albicans</em> (23 mm). Terpenoids, tannins and flavonoids were found to be the chief constituents of the petroleum ether extract. The TLC of the extract revealed 7 spots with the Rf values 0.37, 0.42, 0.45, 0.52, 0.59, 0.76, 0.96 with the solvent system of hexane and acetone (1:0.5). The bioautography assay revealed inhibitory activity in the spots at Rf values 0.52 and 0.59. These fractions obtained by preparative TLC also confirmed the same. The phytochemical analysis of the fractions on the TLC plate suggests that the compound is triterpene or steroid.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>:<strong> </strong>The antifungal activity of <em>Pimenta dioica</em> and the bioactive phytochemical has been reported in the present study. Preliminary phytochemical analysis has indicated that the compounds are triterpenes or steroids. The results indicate that the active compounds are potential lead molecules for new antifungal drugs in the management of infectious fungi.</p>

PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST CLINICAL PATHOGEN OF MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT ORCHID CALANTHE MASUCA (D.DON) LINDL

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
V. Nandagopalan ◽  
D. Kavitha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Wide Range

Calanthe masuca (D.Done) Lindl is a potential medicinal plant of terrestrial orchids. Tribal peoples were used the plants for therapeutic purpose. The present study was to evaluate the phytochemical analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Calanthe masuca in leaf extracts. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed that the presence of bioactive substance in leaf extract was found that Alkaloids, Flavanoids, Phenol, Tannins, Saponins, Steroids, Terpenoids, Carboxcylic acid, Glycoside and Mucilage. Antimicrobial activity by Agar well diffusion method again six pathogenic microbes such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bacteria, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans in fungi by using different solvent such as Aqueous, Methanol and Petroleum ether. It was observered that Methanol extract showed highest activity against the pathogen such as S.aureus (13.5 mm), B.subtilis (12.4 mm), E.coli (12.5 mm) and P.aeruginosa (13.0 mm) and then followed by the Aqueous extract and low activity showed in petroleum ether extract. The methanol extract showed signicant Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (14.0mm) and Candida albicans (13.0 mm) with higher concentration and Petroleum ether extract showed lower activity in fungi. The capacity of the crude concentrates of Calanthe masuca to suppress the development of microorganism which means that it has a wide range of antimicrobial potential utilized for various cures.

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity Assessment of Heritiera Littoralis (Aiton), Madhuca Longifolia (König) Macbr., Nerium Indicum Mill. And Sapium Indicum (Willd.) Leaves on Artemia Salina (L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
N Fatema ◽  
K Hasan ◽  
A Islam ◽  
N Yasmin ◽  
M Nesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Chcl3 Extract ◽  
Madhuca Longifolia ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assessment

Petroleum ether, CHCl3 and CH3OH extracts of leaves of Heritiera littoralis (Aiton), Madhuca longifolia (König) Macbr., Nerium indicum Mill. and Sapium indicum (Willd.) were subjected to assess cytotoxicity against Artemia salina (L.) nauplii. The petroleum ether extract of H. littoralis leaves showed LC50 values 273.77, 97.27, 51.60, 37.12, 14.60 and 12.59 ppm after 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 and 42 h; the CHCl3 extract showed LC50 values 733.25, 105.51, 40.72 and 18.20 ppm after 6, 12, 18 and 24 h whereas CH3OH extract showed 73.05, 30.62, 24.56, 20.85, 16.21 and 6.71 ppm after 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 h of exposure respectively. The petroleum ether extract of M. longifolia leaves possess LC50 values 259.35, 115.17, 56.84 and 8.73 ppm after 12, 18, 24 and 30 h; the CHCl3 extract possess LC50 values 585.43, 205.86, 112.74, 75.62, 52.84and 47.34 ppm after 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 and 42 h but CH3OH extract possess LC50 values 185.87, 60.70, 30.11 and 15.39 ppm after 12, 18, 24 and 30 h of exposure respectively. The petroleum ether extract of N. Indicum leaves recorded LC50 values 249.82, 146.07, 80.23, 54.21 and 40.19 ppm after 18, 24, 30, 36 and 42 h; the CHCl3 extract gave LC50 values 36.13, 21.72, 19.03, 16.81 and 16.34 ppm after 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 h but CH3OH extract recorded LC50 values 394.90, 129.69, 81.50, 73.10 and 37.51 ppm after 18, 24, 30, 36 and 42 h of exposure respectively. Similarly, the petroleum ether extract of S. indicum leaves showed LC50 values 24.79, 13.18 and 4.61 ppm after 12, 18 and 24 h; the CHCl3 extract were 50.45, 42.64, 21.20 and 14.93 ppm after 18, 24, 30 and 36 h of exposure and the CH3OH extract showed LC50 values 306.37, 217.18, 149.38, 73.52, 54.45 and 22.91 ppm after 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 and 42 h of exposure respectively. The intensity of efficacy of the extracts could be arranged in the following descending order of S. indicum (petroleum etroleum ether extract) >H. littoralis (CH3OH extract) >M. longifolia (petroleum ether extract) >N. indicum (CHCl3 extract). J. Bio-Sci. 29(2): 139-149, 2021 (December)

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of antibacterial activity of solvent fractions and essential oil of Cyperus rotundus L. rhizomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-165
Author(s):  
Thuvaragan S ◽  
◽  
Nishadini NVC ◽  
Gnanakarunyan T ◽  
Srikaran R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Significant Difference

Cyperus rotundus L. belongs to the family Cyperaceae. It is used to treat constipation, stomach disorders, dysmenorrhea, skin diseases, wounds, leprosy, fever, etc., in indigenous medicine. Also, they are used to treat itchy pus-filled pimples in Sri Lanka. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro antibacterial activity of different solvent fractions and essential oil of Cyperus rotundus L. rhizomes. Soxhlet apparatus was used to obtain the methanolic and petroleum ether extracts from rhizomes, and essential oil was extracted using steam distillation. The antibacterial activity of extracts and essential oils was determined against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the agar disc diffusion method. The activity was compared with Gentamycin as standard. The activity of extracts and essential oil were compared with one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. The results showed that both extracts and essential oil of Cyperus rotundus L. rhizomes showed a statistically significant difference in antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa compare to the standard drug, Gentamycin. The essential oil of Cyperus rotundus L. rhizomes showed comparatively higher antibacterial activity than extracts. Staphylococcus aureus was more susceptible to methanolic extract and essential oil than petroleum ether extract. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more susceptible to essential oil and petroleum ether extract than methanol extract. Cyperus rotundus L. rhizomes possess good antibacterial activity, and further studies are required to isolate active phytochemicals and screen for antimicrobial activity

scholarly journals Antiviral and cytotoxic activities of anthraquinones isolated from cassia roxburghii linn. leaves

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdy M. D. Mohammed ◽  
Sahar S. El-Souda ◽  
Salwa M. El-Hallouty ◽  
Nobuyuki Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
Hct 116 ◽  
Aloe Emodin ◽  
Mcf 7

Abstract The cytotoxic activity of petroleum ether extract of the leaves of Cassia roxburghii Linn. against HCT-116 and MCF-7 cell lines resulted with IC50=34.9 and 38.04 μg/ml, respectively, while against HepG-2 showed no activity. A bioassay guided-fractionation approach was conducted to isolate and identify the active cytotoxic principles. Further chromatographic separation and purification of the petroleum ether extract resulted in the isolation of two anthraquinones identified as aloe-emodin acetate and aloe-emodin, along with stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and palmitic acid. The structure elucidation of isolated compounds was performend using 1D, 2D-NMR and HR-MS. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of aloe-emodin acetate and aloe-emodin were evaluated and resulted with IC50=153.30 and 70.02 μg/ml against HCT-116 and with 93.20 and 53.20 μg/ml against MCF-7, respectively, while against HepG-2 showed no activity. Moreover, the antiviral activity of the two isolated anthraquinones was tested against influenza virus-A, and resulted with IC50=10.23 as well as 2.00 and with CC50=1.32 and 0.47 μg/ml, respectively.

Differential cytotoxic activity of the petroleum ether extract and its furanosesquiterpenoid constituents from Commiphora molmol resin

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seif-Eldin N. Ayyad ◽  
Thomas R. Hoye ◽  
Walied M. Alarif ◽  
Sana’a M. Al Ahmadi ◽  
Salim A. Basaif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Mouse Cell ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Nih3t3 Cells ◽  
New Compounds

Abstract This study revealed a differential cytotoxic activity of the petroleum ether extract (IC50=5 μg/mL) of the resinous exudates of Commiphora molmol against two mouse cell lines KA31T and NIH3T3 (untransformed and transformed mouse fibroblasts, respectively). Four new compounds (1–4) and five known compounds (5–9) were isolated from the petroleum ether extract. The identity of these new compounds was determined as γ-elemane lactone (1), 5-αH,8-βH-eudesma-1,3,7(11)-trien-8,12-olide (2), 2-hydroxy-11,12-dihydrofuranodiene (3), and 2-hydroxyfuranodiene (4). 1 and 2 displayed the highest cytotoxic activity against NIH3T3 cells. 7 and 9 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against KA31T cells. Compounds 3–6 showed weak cytotoxic activities against both cell lines. These results may explain the high efficacy of the petroleum ether fraction in several myrrh-derived pharmaceutical preparations.

Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of the Lichen Parmelia sulcata and its Salazinic Acid Constituent

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 619-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Candan ◽  
Meral Yılmaz ◽  
Turgay Tay ◽  
Murat Erdem ◽  
Ayşen Özdemir Türk
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Penicillium Notatum ◽  
Parmelia Sulcata ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The antimicrobial activity of the acetone, chloroform, diethyl ether, methanol, and petroleum ether extracts of the lichen Parmelia sulcata and its salazinic acid constituent have been screened against twenty eight food-borne bacteria and fungi. All of the extracts with the exception of the petroleum ether extract showed antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Yersinia enterocolitica, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium notatum. Salazinic acid did not show antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes, P. vulgaris, Y. enterocolitica, and S. faecalis but showed activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium as well. The MIC values of the extracts and the acid for the bacteria and fungi have also been determined

scholarly journals EVALUATIONS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL IN LEAF EXTRACTS OF CORBICHONIA DECUMBENS (FORSSK.) EXELL

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-183
Author(s):  
VIDYACHARANI DHA ◽  
ARUNPRASATH A
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

Objectives: The present work is to evaluate the presence of phenol and flavonoid contents, 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity and antimicrobial activity of Corbichonia decumbens leaf extracts. Methods: C. decumbens leaves were collected, shaded, dried, powdered, and were subjected to Soxhlet apparatus for extraction using ethanol and petroleum ether. The ethanol and petroleum ether extract of the plant was tested for phenol, flavonoid, H2O2 contents, and DPPH scavenging activity using standard procedures. It is also subjected to antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungus using the well diffusion method. Results: The result revealed that the leaf extracts contain phenol, flavonoid, and H2O2 contents. The values of DPPH radical scavenging activity recorded for ethanol and petroleum ether extract were 55.90±0.10 and 41.23±0.20, respectively. Antimicrobial activities of ethanolic leaf extracts showed lesser values compared to standard values. Conclusion: The result of this study showed the presence of phenol and flavonoid content, evidenced the potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against all tested micro-organisms.

In vitro Antibacterial and Antifungal Potentials of Petroleum Ether Extract of Moringa oleifera

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Das ◽  
S.K. Biswas ◽  
A. Chowdhury ◽  
S.R. Sharif ◽  
M.A. Hannan
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal
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