scholarly journals Salmonella Hepatitis in Children : An Update

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-399
Author(s):  
Sadika Kadir ◽  
Tamanna Begum ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Golam Nabi ◽  
Md Ashraful Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Reticuloendothelial System ◽  
Bleeding Diathesis ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Time Index ◽  
Atypical Presentations

Salmonella hepatitis is one of the atypical presentations of typhoid fever and can be defined as reversible involvement of liver during the course of typhoid fever. There have been more than 150 cases of salmonella hepatitis reported both in developed and developing countries. The documented incidence varies widely from 1 to 26% of patients with Typhoid fever. It presents with jaundice and tender hepatosplenomegaly. Investigation shows slightly raised transaminase levels with or without 5 adenosine neucleosidase and or decreased prothombin time index. It complicates into hepatic encephalopathy and bleeding diathesis. A positive culture for Salmonella from blood or stool is essential to differentiate Salmonella hepatitis from other causes of acute hepatitis. Hepatic pathology is characterized by the presence of typhoid nodules with marked hyperplasia of reticuloendothelial system. The ALT/LDH ratio < 9 is suggestive of Salmonella hepatitis which is > 9 in viral hepatitis. The prognosis is usually good as Salmonella hepatitis responses with specific antibiotic therapy and jaundice resolves with clinical improvement. The clinical course can be severe with high mortality (20%) sometime. In our country where enteric fever is endemic, the recognition of Salmonella hepatitis is of clinical importance . Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.10 (2) Jan 2019: 397-399

scholarly journals USE OF WIDAL TEST IN DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID FEVER IN NORTH INDIAN POPULATION BY ESTIMATING BASELINE TITER IN CONTROL GROUP

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Shetty Jeevan
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Medical College

Objective: This study was undertaken to establish a cutoff significant titer for Widal test using healthy volunteers as control group. Utilizing the baseline titer obtained from the control group, a diagnosis of typhoid fever was made in the test group comprising outpatients and inpatients. Methods: Blood samples were collected from healthy volunteers and patients attending G.S Medical College and Hospital, Pilkhuwa, over a period of 6 months from September 2016 to March 2017. Antibodies to Salmonella typhi (TO, TH) and Paratyphi A (AH) and Paratyphi B (BH) are determined by this tube agglutination test. A total of 124 healthy controls and 303 patients having clinical suspicion of typhoid fever were subjected to Widal test. Results: In healthy control group, titer TO ≥20 was observed in 43 (34.7%), TO ≥40 in 48 (38.7%), TO≥80 in 25 (20.2%), and titer TO ≥160, TO ≥320 was observed in none of the control group. Titer TH ≥40 in 58 (46.8%), AH ≥40 in 7 (5.6%), and BH ≥40 in 13 (10.5%) were observed in the control group. Among the test group, 96 (31.7%) sera were positive out of 303 clinically suspected enteric fever by the Widal test. Among different age group studied, 34 (46.6%) patients belonged to the age group of 11-20 years which formed the highest followed by the age group of 21-30 years (33.3%). Conclusion: Based on the study, a cutoff titer of ≥160 for anti-O and anti-H antibodies and titer of ≥80 for anti-AH and anti-BH antibodies be considered as significant titer in diagnosis of enteric fever in this region. The baseline titer helps in early recognition and treatment of this serious health problem.

scholarly journals Study on the efficacy of ceftriaxone versus azithromycin for the treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever among the patients admitted in a tertiary level hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sougata Mitra ◽  
Masuma Khanam ◽  
M. Iqbal Hossain ◽  
Rukhsana Quadir
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Clinical Cure ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Clearance Time ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Fever Clearance Time ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: Typhoid fever is a severe debilitating and potentially life threating illness. In Bangladesh, typhoid fever is a round the year problem which sometimes take epidemic proportions. The reasons behind such occurrences are unsafe water supply, defective sewage system and unhygienic food handling practice. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of ceftriaxone and azithromycin in the treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever.Methods: An observational study was conducted at the department of pharmacology in Dhaka medical college, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected from blood culture positive patients for Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi, who admitted in the Dhaka medical college and hospital, Dhaka during the period of July 2015 to June 2016. Data was collected by using a structured questioner, face to face interview, physical examination and investigation reports. Patients were hospitalized during the entire treatment period and at admission evaluation was made by history and physical examination in a structured format. Subjects ware asked regarding changes in symptoms and possible adverse effects of the study drugs. All patients were asked to return two weeks after completion of treatment for follow up. Blood culture of Salmonella typhi or Salmonella paratyphi were done in all cases. Total 91 patients were culture positive for either S. typhi or S. paratyphi which were finally studied.Results: During the study period out of 91 patients, 51 were receiving ceftriaxone and 40 were receiving azithromycin. Clinical cure was achieved in 46 patients (90%) of ceftriaxone group and in 31 patients (78%) in the azithromycin group. There were no significant differences of clinical cure between both treatment groups (p>0.05). Mean fever clearance time in ceftriaxone group was 3±1.4 days and was 4±1.6 days for azithromycin group. Difference in fever clearance time was statistically significant (p<0.05). No clinical relapses were detected in any study subject. No major side effects of both drugs occurred in any subject.Conclusions: These results indicated that both ceftriaxone and azithromycin were effective against enteric fever caused by sensitive organisms and multi drug resistant S. typhi and S. paratyphi. It is concluded that ceftriaxone is more effective and can be a convenient alternative for the treatment of enteric fever, especially in developing countries like us where medical resources are scarce.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS IN TYPHOID FEVER IN PEDIATRIC CASES ADMITTED TO NMCH, PATNA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samiksha Sharma ◽  
Girijanand Jha ◽  
Binod Kr Singh ◽  
Saroj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Pediatric Age Group

India has a very high disease burden (214.2 per 1,00,000 individuals/year), primarily affecting children 5 to 15 years. Recently, there have been concerns of increasing proportion of infections in very young children, rising paratyphoid infections, and emerging drug resistance. Also, there are challenges in diagnosis and management of enteric fever due to lack of laboratory-based investigations. While blood culture remains the gold standard of diagnosis, the mainstays in developing countries are serological tests, which are suboptimal due to lack of standardization and uniformity. Hence based on above condition the present study was planned for Assessment of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters in Typhoid Fever in Pediatric Cases Admitted to NMCH, Patna. The present study was planned in Department of Pediatrics, Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India. The study was planned from January 2018 to November 2018. In the present study 50 childrens of age up to 18 years having fever more than 7 days were enrolled. These cases were enrolled based on the Widal positive or positive culture were enrolled in the present study. The data generated from present study concludes that Typhoid fever manifestations are diverse. The most common symptoms apart from fever were anorexia, vomiting, pain abdomen, diarrhoea followed by headache and cough. Also the Serum parameters are also seen changed in the Thyphoid affected patients. Typhoid fever remains a major public health problem in the developing countries predominantly seen in school going children among pediatric age group. Keywords: Clinical, Laboratory Parameters, Typhoid Fever, Pediatric Cases, etc.

Superior Mesenteric Venous (SMV) Thrombosis Accompanied with Appendicitis in a Patient with Primary Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Adibimehr ◽  
SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi ◽  
Anahid Nourian ◽  
Zeinab Mehrabi ◽  
Rohollah Moslemi
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Complicated Appendicitis ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Septic Thrombophlebitis ◽  
Rebound Tenderness ◽  
Perforated Appendix ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vague Abdominal Pain

: Septic thrombophlebitis of the Superior Mesenteric Venous (SMV) is rarely accompanied by appendicitis, and symptoms are atypical, so the diagnosis is commonly delayed, resulting in it is associated with high mortality. We report a case of neglected SMV septic thrombophlebitis is caused by appendicitis. The patient represented with fever, vague abdominal pain without rebound tenderness, and history of the consumption of contaminated water. Antibiotic initiated due to suspicious typhoid fever. Then typhoid fever was ruled out. Computed tomography (CT) scans revealed micro-abscess forming complicated appendicitis and the thrombus in SMV. The patient underwent a laparoscopic appendectomy, during which retrocecal gangrened perforated appendix with a 2×2 cm abscess was drained. Based on positive culture with ESBL organism meropenem was initiated. Appendectomy and treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics and anticoagulation led to a full recovery.

scholarly journals THE ATTITUDES OF MEDICAL STUDENTS TOWARDS CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF HISTOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-56
Author(s):  
Naureen Waseem ◽  
Aaqiba Rasheed ◽  
Maria Gill ◽  
Ayesha Asad ◽  
Muhammad Omar Shamim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Objective of Study: The objective of this study is to have an insight on student’s attitudes regarding histology’s clinical relevance in public and private sector medical college. Methodology: A cross sectional survey for attitude analysis towards histology’s clinical importance was carried out among 200 third year medical students from private and public sector medical college. Thurdstone and Chave attitude analysis questionnaire was employed to find the attitude score. Results: Students of both public and private sector medical college show scepticism towards the clinical importance of histology. There was no marked difference in the attitudes of students of public and private sector medical college. Most data remained on the borderline of the attitude scale employed. Conclusion: This study provided useful information for the teachers that students do not appreciate the clinical importance of histology much. Teachers need to devise strategies and to work on the students helping them comprehend the importance of histology.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Procalcitonin (PCT) As a Marker of Infection in Early Post Living Donated Liver Transplant Period.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Ibrahim El-Desoki Mahmoud ◽  
Mohammad A. Algendy ◽  
Adel M. Al-Ansary ◽  
Maissa K. Noaman
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Cutoff Value

Abstract Background: Procalcitonin (PCT) has been increasingly used as a biomarker of bacterial infection and as a tool to guide antimicrobial therapy. Despite its increased use, data in patients with solid organ transplants are limited. The study aim is to assess the frequency of rising procalcitonin associated with infectious complications in immunosuppressed living donated liver transplantation.Methods: A single center, retrospective observational study. Preoperative patients' demographic data, operative, anesthetic data and postoperative clinical course are analyzed till discharge from intensive care unit.Results: Sixty patients were classified according to the culture results' into a positive culture group & a negative one, then following up sepsis variables in each group. Total leukocyte count (TLC) and procalcitonin (PCT) were high in the positive culture group in the first 4 and 5 days respectively and was statistically significant (P-value < 0.05).PCT at a cutoff value ≥ 9ng/ml had higher specificity, especially on day three postoperative (90.7%). The TLC cutoff value of ≥ 17.3/mm3on day one; had the specificity of > 90%. Conclusions: following up PCT level on day one with TLC is essential and will help to detect sepsis and guide early antimicrobial initiation post liver transplantation.Trial registration: NHTMRI, NCT03389360. Registered 7 February, 2018,https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S0007O6F&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0003W0U&ts=2&cx=fwyacz

Antibiotic Sensitivity and Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Typhi in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Md Azizul Haque ◽  
Laila Shamima Sharmin ◽  
KM Faisal Alam ◽  
Md Mohimanul Hoque ◽  
M Morsed Zaman Miah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers, collectively known as enteric fever, is caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C. Despite this declining global trend, enteric fever is still considered to be a major public health hazard in Bangladesh and other developing countries due to poor sanitation, inadequate food safety measures and poor personal hygiene. In Bangladesh, the incidence of typhoid fever was reported to be 200 episodes per 100,000 person-years during 2003–2004. Multidrug-resistant (resistance to the first-line antimicrobials ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, and chloramphenicol) strains of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi are on the rise globally and even cases of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid cases resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are being reported from many corners of the world. This descriptive, observational study was carried out in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from July 2017 to June 2019. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of total 76 cases of enteric fever due to Salmonella Typhi were studied. Blood culture was carried out by BACT ALERT-3D, Automated blood culture analyzer from BioMeriuex SA, France Patented FAN Plus method. Based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the organism was categorized as sensitive, intermediate, and resistant against the respective antibiotics as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. We are reporting antibiotic sensitivity and resistant patterns of S. Typhi documented in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, a large tertiary care hospital in Northern Bangladesh. TAJ 2020; 33(2): 10-14

TYPHOID FEVER 002.0 (Enteric Fever)

2008 ◽  
pp. 92-94
Author(s):  
Theodore H. Curtis ◽  
David T. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Enteric Fever

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern for Salmonella Typhi isolated from blood in Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Dhaka

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mst Naznin Tarana ◽  
Samshad Jahan Shumu ◽  
Rashida Akter Khanam ◽  
Hosne Jahan ◽  
Soma Sarker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Typhoid fever remains a public health concern in developing countries. Antibiotic therapy constitutes the mainstay of management and multidrug resistant Salmonella spp has been emerged as a major public health concern. Objective: This study was done to evaluate antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi isolated from blood in Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital. Methods: The retrospective study was done from January 2017 to December 2017 at microbiology laboratory, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College. A total of 367 samples, 30 isolates of Salmonella typhi obtained from blood culture. Both the indoor and outdoor patients were enrolled in this study. Results: During one year study period, total 367 cases were enrolled and the prevalence of Salmonella typhi was 30 (8.2 %). Among them (56.1%) were male with a male to female ratio 1.27:1. The bulk (50.1%) cases were in the age group of 15-30 years, 14.4% cases were in less than 15 years and 6.5% cases were in more than 60 years of age. Regarding antibiotic sensitivity pattern, 70% strains were sensitive to amikacin, 73.33% to azithromycin, 63.33% to ceftazidime, 66.66% to ceftriaxone, 86.66% to ciprofloxacin and 70% were nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella typhi. Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin may be used to treat typhoid fever cases and Ceftriaxone, azithromycin may be used as alternative drugs if they are found susceptible in culture and sensitivity testing. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2018, Vol.10(2); 96-98

scholarly journals Drug-Resistant Salmonella typhi in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E. Petrin ◽  
Russell W. Steele ◽  
Elizabeth A. Margolis ◽  
Justin M. Rabon ◽  
Holly Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
The United States ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Enteric fever (formerly typhoid fever) is a bacterial illness caused by fecal-oral transmission of Salmonella typhi or paratyphi. In early 2018, an outbreak of Salmonella typhi resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol was reported in Pakistan. This strain, termed “extensively resistant typhi,” has infected more than 5000 patients in endemic areas of South Asia, as well as travelers to and from these areas, including 5 cases in the United States. We present the case of one such child who developed extensively resistant enteric fever during a recent visit to Pakistan and required broader antimicrobial treatment than typically required. Clinicians should be aware that incoming cases of enteric fever may be nonsusceptible to commonly recommended antibiotics and that extensively resistant typhi requires treatment with carbapenems such as meropenem or azithromycin.

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