scholarly journals Development Needs of Dairy Farms in Kosovo

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Tiina Kokko ◽  
Kati Partanen ◽  
Hilkka Kämäräinen ◽  
Ardita Jahja-Hoxha ◽  
Jussi Juhola
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Agricultural Education ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
The Future

The Republic of Kosovo in Western Balkans has raised agriculture as one of its development priorities. Farms are still mainly small and agricultural production poorly developed. Most of the agricultural products in retail stores are imported. The goal of this study was to define development needs of Kosovan dairy farms by observing farm operations. Observations were made in March 2012 by following the work of a farmer in 13 different sized dairy farms. Farmers were also interviewed. The results show that most development needs in milk production are milking hygiene, cleanliness of the milking facility, feeding and heat detecting. For example hoof care and animal welfare were usually at a good level in the observed farms. The size of the observed farms varied between 6 to 115 dairy cows. Milking was done in the smallest farm by hands, ninehad bucket milking system and threepipeline milking system. The observed farms can be classified as semi-commercial and commercial farms which deliver most of their milk to the processor. The main problems in the observed farms were poor milking hygiene and poor cleansing of the milking equipment. This can be also seen from the milk quality of the observed farms: according to somatic cells five farms were in Extra class and 5 in I-class (no information available in 3 farms). In number of bacteria 3 farms were in Extra class, 6 in I-class, 2 in II-class and 1 in III-class (no information available in 1 farm). Especially bucket milking system and in some cases the milking tank seemed to be difficult to clean. In some farms the condition of the milking machine seemed to be poor. The time between calvings was long, on average 432 days. There might be lack of heat detection. Also fertility may be low due to wrong feeding of the cows. The time between calvings was lowest on farms using only natural insemination (396 days) and longest in farms using both natural and artificial insemination (470 days). In farms using only artificial insemination the time between calvings was 444 days. Lactations per cow was on average 3,86. None of the interviewed farmers had agricultural education. An average farm size in Kosovo is about 2,2 hectares of field and about two milking cows. The average milk yield is estimated to be around 2200 kg / year. The biggest problems in milk processors are poor quality of milk and variations in milk received during the year: in summer processors have troubles in using all the milk and in winter the milk production of farms is too low. Only about 10 % of the milk produced is delivered to the processors. The future of agriculture looks bright in Kosovo as all interviewed farmers were willing to develop their farm and saw the future positive. Agricultural advisory (extension) services and the availability of training for farmers play a vital role in improving the basic environment for farming as well as farm profitability.

scholarly journals Protein profiling of chicken breast muscles from different slaughter houses in relation to meat quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Hasniza Zin ◽  
Murni Abdul Halim ◽  
Noraslinda Muhamad Bunnori ◽  
Normah Haron ◽  
Widya Abdul Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Size ◽  
Protein Band ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Protein Profiling ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Protein Profiles ◽  
Αb Crystallin

Introduction: Chicken meat is a source of protein in the human diet. Protein content and values define the quality of chicken meat. This research aimed to analyze variations of protein profiles in chicken breast muscles from different slaughtering houses by using proteomic strategies. Methods: Total proteins of chicken breast muscles from three different slaughtering houses (Sample A, Sample B and Sample C) were extracted and quantified by using Bradford assay. Then, the proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE to monitor the quality of extracted proteins. Protein profiles in different samples were compared by 2D-GE analysis. Results: The most highly expressed protein band was located between the molecular size of 37-50 kD in all samples and it was expected to be betaactin. While resolved in 2D-PAGE, differences in protein expression were observed between samples. There were three spots expressed with highest intensity in Sample B compared to others. The protein spot detected at pH 5.28 and the size range between 50- 75 kD was predicted to be NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR), at pH 6.45 and molecular weight between 37-50 kD was expected to be creatine kinase M-type (M-CK) while at pH 6.78 and molecular size nearly 25 kD was expected to be αB-crystallin. Conclusions: It can be mentioned that these proteins could play a vital role in mechanisms that contribute to the poor quality of chicken meat.

Investigating the effect of government subsidies on end-of-life vehicle recycling

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2095389
Author(s):  
Zhang Yu ◽  
Ma Tianshan ◽  
Syed Abdul Rehman Khan
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Quality Differentiation ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The Government ◽  
Vehicle Market

To have a deeper understanding of the Chinese market reaction for different subsidy policies made by the government, we establish a game model of the competition between legal recyclers and illegal recyclers with government involved. Further, we consider the quality differentiation of end-of-life vehicles in every player’s decision-making. With a numerical simulation, the researchers validated this study. Based on the results of this research, we found that compared with the strategy of subsidizing the legal recyclers, subsidizing the end-of-life vehicle owners is more effective, and the legal recyclers would get more business from end-of-life vehicle owners. The quality of end-of-life vehicles plays a vital role when the recyclers make decisions on their recycling behaviour. Moreover, the differential subsidy policy will probably be useless if most of the end-of-life vehicles in the market are in poor quality. So, the Chinese government should adjust its policies on end-of-life vehicle market development based on the quality distribution of end-of-life vehicles, and the quality management should be implemented in the end-of-life vehicle supply chain for the efficiency and effectiveness of subsidy policies.

Quality of Life and Life Satisfaction among Persons with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Bijayalaxmi Dash ◽  
Mamta Rani Swain
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Quality of life plays a vital role to improve the life satisfaction of an individual. The increase in quality of life is related to the increase of subjective life satisfaction. There is an existing relationship between quality of life and life satisfaction for persons with alcohol dependence (Frisch et al., 2000). Aim: The aims of the present study was to assess and examine the relationship between Quality of life and life satisfaction among persons with alcohol dependence. Methodology: A total number 30 respondents with alcohol dependence syndrome were taken by using a purposive sampling technique. The samples were collected from MHI (COE), SCBMCH, Cuttack IPD and OPD. The scales such as WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire and Life Satisfaction were administered. Result: In this present study it was found that the persons with alcohol dependence scored the poor quality of life in all domains of WHO QOL, as well as life satisfaction scale and also statistically positive significant co-relationbetween quality of life and life satisfaction among persons with alcoholdependence.

scholarly journals Monitoring the nutritional and reproductive state of dairy cows through the presence of urea in milk

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (spe) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Adriana Grande ◽  
Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos ◽  
Hilton Ribeiro ◽  
Júlio César Damasceno ◽  
Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Reproductive State ◽  
A Value ◽  
Milk Urea

The effects of farm, parity (PO) and month of parturition on milk production, percentage of fat and protein, somatic cell count (SCC), and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) concentration were assessed on four specialized dairy farms using 120 cows. Also, the effects of MUN on gestation rate (GR) and artificial insemination rate (AIR) in early lactation were studied. The parameters of production and milk quality were similar among farms and were not influenced by the month of parturition. Farm D presented the highest MUN concentration. Concentration of MUN, percentages of fat and protein and SCC were not influenced by PO. Cows with a value of MUN between 10.1 and 13.0 mg/dL had the highest AIR and GR between days 55 and 70 postpartum and after 70 days in milk. These data suggested that MUN concentration was a useful parameter to predict the nutritional and reproductive stages of dairy cows.

An Experimental Study on the Tribological Properties of the Pressing Dies of WC and SKD11 in the High Viscosity Oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 642 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Yuh Ping Chang ◽  
Huann Ming Chou ◽  
Gino Wang ◽  
Jin Chi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Surface Wear ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Pressing Process ◽  
The Future ◽  
High Viscosity Oil

The poor quality of machining surfaces caused by the surface wear of the pressing dies and the corrosion of the pressing parts has been a major concern for manufacturing engineers. In order to decrease the surface wear of the pressing dies and the corrosion of the pressing parts, the drawing oil is always used during the pressing process. It is well known that the properties and the distributions of the drawing oil significantly influence lubrication, cool down, cleanness and stabilization for the pressing dies and parts. Therefore, it is very important for the operating limitation of the pressing process. This paper is base on the above statements to further investigate the effects of the high viscosity drawing oil on the tribological properties and the adhesions between the dies and parts. The results have not only an added advantage of technology of pressing process, but they are also very helpful in design the pair of the dies and parts in the future. Moreover, the purpose of better quality and faster product speed of the pressing process can then be obtained for the industry.

scholarly journals Transforming Schools Conditions for the Future

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayat Diyen
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Training System ◽  
High Rate ◽  
National Education ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Training

Do we need to transform our schools? Why and how? We had the opportunity to transform our educational system in 2000 but the transformational opportunities were not adequately mobilised to innovate and drive forward learning experiences in keeping with the needs of the future. The lowest performers in education quality in North Africa and Middle East are Morocco, Iraq, Yemen and Djibbouti. It is neither funding nor political unrest which affect education achievements according to the world results in education. What is behind Morocco low performance, then? Do we lack the will and determination to change the poor quality of education? Do we lack the right policymakers and engineers of education reform? Do we really know and admit with courage and responsibility our weaknesses in education development when we attempt to resolve problems? To overcome the challenges faced by the education sector, the Moroccan Government embarked on a comprehensive reform of the education and training system, with the promulgation of the 1999 National Education and Training Charter (CNEF). The CNEF, "with strong national consensus, declared 2000-2009 the decade for education and raining, and established education and training as a national priority, second only to territorial integrity." (World Bank, 2010) According to a UNESCO report in 2010 the Moroccan educational system is in a crisis and its major challenges are equity of the system, low quality of learning, lack of internal and external efficiency of the system, and ineffectiveness of the educational sector. Other problems, according to the UNESCO report, like the high rate of dropouts and the dramatic gap between the graduates and the needs of the labour market are what characterise the Moroccan education system.

scholarly journals Labour Efficiency of Dairy Farms with Different Types and Sizes in Hajdú-Bihar County

2006 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
András Vántus
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Large Farms

Questions and uncertainties characterised the accession period of Hungary to the European Union. It is evident that only those producers can compete on the market who produce good quality products. Therefore, only dairy farms with extra high quality raw milk production will be successful. Furthermore, on this basis, rural areas will be able to keep their inhabitants one of the most important problems presently. The author examined the process of milk production and the labour efficiency of 18 dairy farms in Hajdú-Bihar County. Mechanization, the quality of the work force and the system of incentives were assessed. Data of produced milk quality were collected too. Because of farms with different types and sizes the circumstances of milk production differ greatly. As a result of data analysis it was found that the working schedule of small and large farms often differed. The most important working processes (milking, feeding, harvesting) are done by family members. In order to increase the efficiency and improve working atmosphere the improvement of wage and incentive systems would be desirable. Labour efficiency indexes show that the efficiency of tie-stall systems is lower than the efficiency of similar size loose-housing systems. It can also be stated; that labour efficiency of similar size loose housing dairies differs greatly so the importance of work-studies should be increased.

scholarly journals Efeito do sistema de criação no desempenho técnico e econômico de rebanhos leiteiros

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1561
Author(s):  
Rodrigo De Andrade Ferrazza ◽  
Marcos Aurelio Lopes ◽  
Fábio Raphael Pascoti Bruhn ◽  
Flavio De Moraes ◽  
Francisval De Melo Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
The State ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Husbandry System ◽  
Economic Indexes

This study aimed to investigate the effects of husbandry system on the technical and economic performance of dairy farming. Samples included data from 61 dairy farms from the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, which were collected between 2002 and 2011. Farms were categorized by type-pasture-based (PB), semi-confinement (SC), and confinement (C)-and technical and economic indexes were compared. In general, the results indicated indexes that are higher than the average for Brazilian farms but lower than those in other countries or technological farms in other Brazilian regions. Milk production was mainly determined by farm size rather than by productivity indexes. Components of the total and effective operational costs that were most significant were feeding followed by labor. The comparative analysis indicated that, although C systems have technical indexes that are superior to those of the PB and SC systems, economic performance was independent of the intensification level. Thus, pasture systems are potentially competitive, provided that the producers are efficient.

scholarly journals Enhancement potentials for labour efficiency in small and large scale cattle farms

2001 ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Tibor Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Work Organisation ◽  
Examination Methods ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

The author examined the possibilities of increasing the labour efficiency at 6 large-scale farms and at 109 small-scale farms in Hajdú-Bihar county. He stated that the level of labour efficiency was higher for large scale farms than for small-scale farms. However, there is potential for work organisation of milking, feeding and other jobs on the large-scale farms, too. The reason for the low labour efficiency on small-scale dairy farms is the small number of livestock, obsolete machinery, and lack of expertise. The author points out that the quality of raw milk is also an important issue. Using examination methods of work organisation, he determined the critical points of raw milk production.

scholarly journals Effect of husbandry system on the technical and economic performance of dairy cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1561
Author(s):  
Rodrigo De Andrade Ferrazza ◽  
Marcos Aurelio Lopes ◽  
Fábio Raphael Pascoti Bruhn ◽  
Flavio De Moraes ◽  
Francisval De Melo Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
The State ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Husbandry System ◽  
Economic Indexes

This study aimed to investigate the effects of husbandry system on the technical and economic performance of dairy farming. Samples included data from 61 dairy farms from the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, which were collected between 2002 and 2011. Farms were categorized by type-pasture-based (PB), semi-confinement (SC), and confinement (C)-and technical and economic indexes were compared. In general, the results indicated indexes that are higher than the average for Brazilian farms but lower than those in other countries or technological farms in other Brazilian regions. Milk production was mainly determined by farm size rather than by productivity indexes. Components of the total and effective operational costs that were most significant were feeding followed by labor. The comparative analysis indicated that, although C systems have technical indexes that are superior to those of the PB and SC systems, economic performance was independent of the intensification level. Thus, pasture systems are potentially competitive, provided that the producers are efficient.

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