Produksi Biofuel Dari Limbah Cpo Dengan Katalis Berbasis Titanium Oksida Dan Implementasinya Pada Pembelajaran Kimia

Conversion of CPO waste into biofuel is one of the efforts to find alternative energy to overcome Indonesia's energy crisis. The resulting methyl ester was further processed into biofuel by cracking process with Ni/TiO2 and Co/TiO2 catalysts at temperature > 350oC for 2.5 hours followed by distillation. Educational research was done by doing the learning process by using biofuel module. The optimum biofuel yield was obtained from cracking methyl ester with 5% Ni/TiO2 catalyst and 3% Co/TiO2 catalyst respectively of 66,67 and 61,90%. The physical and chemical properties of cracked biofuels with Ni/TiO2 and Co/ TiO2 catalysts have complied with ASTM standards for biofuel except acid numbers. There is an increase in student learning outcomes before and after using the module.

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Identification of Amber and the Copal under Heat Pressurized Process

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.2112 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 554-556 ◽

pp. 2112-2115

Author(s):

Hui Li ◽

Xuan Wang ◽

Yong Zhu ◽

Qin Ren

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Peak Position ◽

Exothermic Peak ◽

Endothermic Peak ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Natural Resin ◽

Before And After ◽

Artificial Heat ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Amber and copal belong to the natural resin, which are similar and transitional in the physical and chemical properties. The artificial heat-pressurized treatment is contributed to the polymerization of the natural copal, and turns into green, yellow-green and deep orange-yellow copal. It is very difficult to identify amber from the heat- pressurized treatment copal only based on the gemological parameters.The thermal behavior of amber and the copal before and after heat-pressurized treatment were analyzed by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). The results show that amber exists an evident endothermic peak around 123~132°C, and copal reveals an obvious endothermic peak at about 174~178°C, and the heat pressurized treatment copal occurs a clear exothermic peak around 150~152°C. The differences between endothermic or exothermic transition and peak position reveal occurring thermal oxidation or the bond breaking or the melting, which are of great significance in the identification.

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Semen characteristics of breeding bulls at the Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v41i1.11968 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

ME Hossain ◽

MM Khatun ◽

MM Islam ◽

OF Miazi

Keyword(s):

Sperm Concentration ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Mean Value ◽

Cattle Breeding ◽

Bull Semen ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

The experiment was conducted on 97 breeding bulls at the central cattle breeding and dairy farm, Savar, Dhaka to find out the physical and chemical properties of different bull semen. Out of 97 bulls, 9 were Local (L), 9 were Friesian (F), 13 were Sahiwal (SL), 12 were Local×Friesian (L×F), 10 were Sahiwal×Friesian (SL×F), 26 were Local×Friesian×Friesian (LF1×F), 18 were Local×Friesian× Friesian×Friesian (LF2×F) bulls. The semen of different crossbred and local bulls was examined for ejaculate volume, concentration, pH and motility percent of sperm before and after freezing. It was observed that, the maximum average ejaculate was obtained from SL×F and the mean value was 12.9 ml. However, the minimum average ejaculate was obtained from LF×F and the mean value was 7.4 ml. Before freezing, the maximum average sperm concentration was obtained from SL and the mean value was 1858.4 million/ml. The minimum average sperm concentration was obtained from LF1×F and the mean value was 1286.6 million/ml. The maximum average pH was obtained from LF2×F and the mean value was 6.5. The maximum average motility was obtained from SL and the mean value was 68.8%. However, the minimum average motility was obtained from L×F and the mean value was 63.7%. After freezing, sperm concentration, pH and motility reduced substantially irrespective of type of breed. It could therefore be inferred that freezing of semen should be undertaken with special care to maintain optimum semen quality.http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i1.11968

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The Utilization of Bamboo Residues and Grease Waste for Charcoal Briquette Production

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.886.154 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 886 ◽

pp. 154-158

Author(s):

Supaporn Pongthornpruek ◽

Achitpon Sasitharanuwat

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Heating Value ◽

Minimum Requirement ◽

Mixing Ratios ◽

Feasible Alternative ◽

American Society ◽

Product Standard ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

This study aims to investigate appropriate utilization of mixing grease waste (GW) from a canteen’s grease trap with bamboo residues charcoal (BC) to produce briquette fuel in the various ratio by weight, 1:2, 2:2, 3:2 and 4:2 (GW:BC). The physical and chemical properties of briquette fuel were analyzed to verify its heating value components as specified by the American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM). The results showed that the mixture of all components could produce charcoal briquette fuel. The GW:BC mixing ratios 3:2 and 4:2 have heating values exceeding the minimum requirement under the Thai Community Product Standard (tcps 238/2004). The briquettes mixing ratio of 3:2 was suitable for utilization. The heating value high to 7,938 cal/g on a dry basis.The charcoal briquette mixed with grease waste can be a feasible alternative energy source for incinerating which minimize to reduce waste.

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The Aging Characteristics of Composite Insulators under Salt Fog Conditions

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.231 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 496-500 ◽

pp. 231-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiao Chun Chen ◽

Min Cong Zheng ◽

Jian Hua Li

Keyword(s):

Ftir Spectroscopy ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Filling Materials ◽

Aging Properties ◽

Before And After ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Salt Fog ◽

And Chemical Properties

The accelerated aging tests under salt fog conditions were carried out on two types of composite insulators in order to evaluate their anti-aging properties. FTIR spectroscopy, hydrophobicity, and hardness measurements were taken to characterize insulator housings' physical and chemical properties before and after aging. It was found that the aging characteristics were highly dependent on housing profile, aging time, and filling materials.

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Comparative Microstructural Study on Mechanical Properties of Concrete Enhanced with Graphite and Graphene Compound

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.20018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4.5) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

P. Sudheer ◽

Dr S. Chandramouli

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Nano Materials ◽

Nano Technology ◽

Microstructural Investigation ◽

Before And After ◽

Materials Used ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

The present study is based on nano technology and came up with the idea of introducing nanoparticles in the raw materials used for construction. Nano materials are available in three principal shapes 0, 1 and 2 Dimensional nanoparticles. 0D and 1D nanofibers are such as carbon nanotubes and nanosilica compounds. This study has investigated the physical and chemical properties of graphite and graphene compound and its applicability in construction industry. Graphene has created interest as it is believed to improve the strength of concrete allowing the possibility of controlling properties of concrete. In this work graphene is used as a reinforcing additive in cement-based mortar and concrete. Own Graphene compound is prepared using conventional graphite and concentrated hydrogen peroxide in the laboratory due to the unavailability of graphene. As a part of microstructural investigation, SEM and EDS analysis on graphite and graphene compounds before and after implementation are carried out in the laboratory. Then the two compounds are replaced as a part of small percentage in cement mortar cubes casted for various proportions. The mechanical properties of cement-based composites are studied after incorporating of graphite and graphene compounds at low dosages in concrete and then the results are compared.

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Sintesa dan Karakterisasi Biofuel dari Limbah Laboratorium Teaching Factory Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe dengan Proses Catalytic Cracking

Jurnal Serambi Engineering ◽

10.32672/jse.v6i4.3517 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Muammar Khadafi ◽

Ratni Dewi ◽

Adriana Adriana ◽

Ratna Sari ◽

Lukman Hakim

Keyword(s):

Octane Number ◽

Catalytic Cracking ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Temperature Variations ◽

Bleaching Process ◽

Cracking Process ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Spent earth is a waste resulting from the bleaching process which contains gums and a large amount of oil so that it still has the potential to be reprocessed into biofuel. This study aims to utilize the oil from spent earth as a raw material in the synthesis of biofuels through the catalytic cracking process. In the catalytic cracking process, zeolite and kaolin catalysts are used in the ratio (0:100); (30:70); (50:50); (70:30) and (100:0) and temperature variations of 150oC, 175oC and 200oC for 3 hours. Based on the research results, the best biofuel was obtained at a catalyst ratio of zeolite: kaolin (70:30) and a temperature of 200oC with a yield of 76.13%. The results of the biofuel characterization obtained a water content of 0.0301%, octane number 90.5 RON and a density 751 kg/m3. Analysis of biofuel composition was measured using GC-MS and it was found that the biofuel contained 4.60% C11H24, 8.99% C12H26, 22.49% C16H34, 9.54% C18H34O2 and 54.38% C19H36O3. Based on the physical and chemical properties of the biofuel as a result of cracking with zeolite and kaolin catalysts, it is in accordance with SNI for gasoline qualification.

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Water Treatment using Chemically Activated Charcoal

Issue 4 - Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.46243/jst.2020.v5.i3.pp72-78 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 72-78

Keyword(s):

Activated Charcoal ◽

Potassium Dichromate ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Coconut Husk ◽

Before And After ◽

Worldwide Phenomenon ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Absorbance Data ◽

And Chemical Properties

Water scarcity is a widely experienced problem in several countries in the world like Qatar, Israel, Lebanon and many others. Critical steps have to be taken before this becomes a worldwide phenomenon. The current study focuses on cleaning the greywater, which is about 65% of total wastewater from households, using activated charcoal powder prepared from coconut husk. The material is chemically activated. The shell based activated carbon is used for decolorization of three solution samples: Potassium Permanganate (Purple), Potassium Dichromate (Orange) and Copper Sulphate (Blue) as well as treating the sullage water. Change in normality of above-mentioned samples is calculated before and after treatment by activated charcoal using maximum absorbance data for before treatment as standard. Also, sullage water is treated with activated charcoal and comparison of physical and chemical properties is done before and after the treatment.

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PENGARUH TEMPERATUR DAN KONSENTRASI KATALIS PADA CRACKING CANGKANG SAWIT MENJADI CRUDE BIO-FUEL

Jurnal Riset Kimia ◽

10.25077/jrk.v5i1.185 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Sunarno ◽

Silvia R.Y ◽

Syaiful Bahri

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Catalyst Concentration ◽

Rotation Speed ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Acid Number ◽

Shell Size ◽

Cracking Process ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACT One of solid waste that produced by palm industry is palm oil shell. This waste abundant in Riau about 700.5 ton/day. The shell compositions are cellulosa, hemicellulosa, and lignine. That compounds can be cracked into crude biofuel in slurry reactor with NiMo/ZSM-5 catalyst. The objective of research to study the influence of cracking temperature (300, 310, 320, 330 0C) and concentration of catalyst (0.5; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5%) to yield of crude biofuel and to determine physical and chemical properties. Cracking process used 50 gram palm oil shell size -40+60 mesh, 500 mL silinap and rotation speed of mixing 300 rpm. The maximum yield was obtained 68.6% at temperature 330 0C and catalyst concentration NiMo/ZSM-5 2.5%. The physical properties of crude biofuel were calorimetric value (43.84 MJ/kg), density (1.01 g/mL), viscocity (13.27cSt), acid number (76.11 g NaOH/g sample) and flash point (64 0C). The GC-MS analysis result indicated dominant compounds in crude biofuel were acetic acid (33.94%), phenol (31.71%), furancarboxaldehide (7.78%) and methanol (4.93%). Key words : Catalyst, crude biofuel, palm oil shell

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