scholarly journals Expression of Ki67 in Precancerous Squamous Cell Skin Lesion of Mice Induced by DMBA

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Siti Nurkasanah ◽  
Aida S D Hoemardani ◽  
Evlina Suzanna Sinuraya
Keyword(s):  
Skin Lesion ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Precancerous Lesion ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Imiquimod Cream ◽  
Ki67 Expression ◽  
One Way Anova

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an invasive skin cancer that is found in the human skin. SCC growth from the precancerous lesion is known as a wart or papilloma. Ki67 is a protein expressed by cells during proliferation. Cells with higher Ki67 expression showed abnormal regulation of apoptosis. 5-FU is an antimetabolite compound that works as a DNA/RNA pyrimidine antagonist molecule that can induce cell apoptosis. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the inhibition proliferation of precancerous squamous cell in skin lesion induced by DMBA/croton oil treated by using 5-FU cream topically compared to 5% imiquimod cream. Methods: This research assesses three different concentrations of 5-FU cream namely 1%, 2%, and 5% topically on 24 wild type mice divided into 6 groups of 4 each including positive control (with carcinogenesis but without treatment), negative control (without treatment ; normal), carcinogenesis with treatment 5-FU cream (1%, 2%, and 5%) or 5% imiquimod cream. The expression of Ki67 was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS version 23. Results: Based on this research, 5-FU cream treatment during 4 weeks (week 10-week 14) showed the decrease of cumulative number of papilloma (p<0.05) and immunohistochemistry analysis resulted in the lowest Ki67 expression in 5-FU 2% and 5% groups compared to 5% imiquimod cream (p<0.05). Conclusions: 5-FU cream treatment during 4 weeks showed a decrease of papilloma and Ki67 expression in 5-FU cream 2% and

scholarly journals The Comparison of Bay Leaf and Celery Leaf Infusion Effect on Decreasing LDL Level in Dyslipidemic Wistar Rats Model

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Anjani Putri Retnaninggalih ◽  
Erfan Efendi ◽  
Hairrudin Hairrudin
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
One Way Anova

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the cause of 7,3 million death globally in 2008. The main pathophysiology process that leads to CHD is atherosclerosis which is caused by high LDL cholesterol level. The aim of this study was to explore bay leaf and celery leaf infusion effect on reducing LDL cholesterol level in dyslipidemic rat model. The type of this study was true experimental research using wistar rat (Rattus novergicus) as the sample. The rats were induced by high fat diet and PTU for two weeks then each of the group were given either bay leaf infusion, celery leaf infusion, simvastatin (positive control), or aquadest (negative control) for a week. The measurement of LDL level used Friedewald formulation. Data was analyzed using paired sample t test and one way ANOVA. As the result there was a significance reduction on LDL level after treatment with bay leaf (p=0,013) and celery leaf infusion (p=0,035) but there was no significance difference between groups (p=0,293). It was concluded that bay leaf and celery leaf infusion could reduce the LDL level in dyslipidemic wistar rat but there was no difference on the capability of the two different leafs on reducing LDL level. Keywords: dyslipidemia, LDL, bay leaf, celery leaf, wistar rats

scholarly journals The antifungal effect of roselle calyx extract on Trichophyton rubrum growth in vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
SITA AULIA SARI ◽  
RUBEN DHARMAWAN ◽  
PARAMASARI DIRGAHAYU
Keyword(s):  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
One Way Anova

Sari SA, Dharmawan R, Dirgahayu P. 2012. The antifungal effect of roselle calyx extract on Trichophyton rubrum growth in vitro. Biofarmasi 10: 17-22. Dermatophytosis is a fungal infection on skin that one of them caused by Trichophyton rubrum. Dermatophytosis treatment by using chemical drugs has many shortcomings, such as a high cost and a drug resistance. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyx content was flavonoid, which have an antifungal effect. Flavonoids on roselle calyx include anthocyanin, gossypeptin (hexahydroxyflavone) 3-glucoside, flavonol glucoside hibiscritin, flavonoid gossypeptin, delphinidine 3-monoglucoside, cyanidin 3-monoglucoside. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of roselle calyx on Trichophyton rubrum growth in vitro. The study was performed as an experimental laboratory. The object of study was T. rubrum. The sample of T. rubrum colonies in this study was taken by a random sampling. The study used T. rubrum colonies on seven Sabouraud Dextrose Agar plates. Each plate had four holes. Each hole was filled by aquadest as a negative control, fluconazole 25 µg/mL as a positive control, and various roselle calyx extract concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%). The plates were incubated in an incubator with a temperature of 25oC for 7 days and measured for the diameter of roselle calyx extract inhibition effect. The data were collected and analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Least Significance Difference (LSD) tests on SPSS 16.0 for Windows. The result of One-way ANOVA test showed that there was a difference of inhibition diameter mean among all of the various roselle calyx extract concentration groups (p<0.05). The diameter of roselle calyx extract inhibition effect increased for each concentration up to 50%. The inhibition diameter of positive control compared to 20% roselle calyx extract concentration had no a significant difference. The study was concluded that roselle calyx extract has an antifungal effect to T. rubrum growth in vitro.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK BUNGA KECOMBRANG (Etlingera elatior jack R.M.sm) SEBAGAI LARVASIDA NYAMUK (Culex quinquifasciatus Say)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Indra Rahmawati ◽  
Bagus Uda Palgunadi ◽  
Lailia Dwi Kusuma Wardhani ◽  
Ni Made Dewi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Flower Extract ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Etlingera Elatior

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of kecombrang flower extract (Etlingera elatior jack R.M.sm) on the death of Culex quenquefasciatus Say larvae. Experimental animals used were Culex quenquefasciatus Say larvae, amounting to 625 tails. The design used was a randomized complete design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The five treatments consisted of two test groups, namely the treatment group consisting of concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and the control group consisting of positive control namely abate and negative control namely aquades. Observation of mosquito larvae death was done every 2 hours for 12 hours. The data obtained were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test and continued with the Duncan test. Based on the results of the one way ANOVA calculation the value of sig.0.00 <0.05 means that there are significant differences between treatments. Duncan test results on the treatment of 10% and 15% kecombrang flower extract have the ability as a larvicide high and equal to positive control (abate). Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the extract of kecombrang flower (Etlingera elatior jack R.M.sm) had the ability to larvae against the Culex quenquefasciatus Say mosquito.

scholarly journals Effect extract of Ipomoea pes-caprae leaf as anti-inflammatory non immunological in rat Rattus norvegicus

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Safrida Safrida ◽  
Hasanuddin Hasanuddin ◽  
Nurul A. Agusdinianti
Keyword(s):  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
One Way Anova

Ipomoea pes-caprae is one of the plants in Indonesia that has the potential as a traditional herbal medicine to treat inflammation. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of I. pes-capraeleaf extract as anti-inflammatory in edema rats induced by 5% egg white solution. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisted of 5 treatments, each consisted of 5 rats.The treatment consisted of KN = negative control, KP = positive control, giving  of 25 mg diclofenac sodium, K 100 = giving 100 mg kg-1body weight (BW) of I. pes-capraeleaf extract , K300 = 300 mg kg-1BW of I. pes-capraeleaf extract, and K500 = 500 mg kg-1BW of I. pes-capraeleaf extract. The anti-inflammatory data obtained were tested statistically with a one-way ANOVA test at  99% confidence level and followed by Duncan's test. The ANOVA test results showed that the giving ofI. pes-capraeleaf extract had a very significant effect (p 0.01) on the percentage of inflammatory, obtained Fcount Ftable, 21.46 4.79 at the level of α = 0.01. The treatment of I. pes-capraeleaf extract of 500 mg kg-1BW had the effect of decreasing the volume of edema with the positive control variable using diclofenac sodium 25 mg. It is concluded that I. pes-capraeleaf extract can be used as an anti-inflammatory by decreasing rat feet edema volume. I. pes-capraeleaf extract has a prospect for non-immunological inflammatory natural drug candidates.

scholarly journals The Effect of Clove's and Lemongrass's Essential Oil in Basal Feed on Performances and Hematology Profile of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ahmad Baidlowi ◽  
◽  
Dela Ria Nesti ◽  
Ida Tjahajati ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Profile Data ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Total Gain

This research was conducted to determine the effect of Clove’s and Lemongrass’s essential oil (EO) in basal feed on performances and hematology profile of Sterptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. 20 rats aged 40 days were divided into four groups of feed treatments, which are: negative control feed (basal feed-non-diabetic) (R1); positive control feed (commercial diabetic food) (R2); basal feed+Clove’s EO (R3); and basal feed+Lemongrass’s EO (R4). Each treatments using 5 rats. Collected data were performances and blood hematology profile. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA design, the significance of different was tested using Least Significant Different (LSD) test. The result from this research showed that Clove’s and Lemongrass’s EO were significantly affected (P<0.05) on post-induction initial weight (5.41%; 3.30%; and 5.21%) compared to R2 group. It also significantly affected (P<0.05) on total gain (56.66% and 3.30%) and final weight (5.47% and 3.48%) compared to R1 group. Hematology profile’s data showed that both of Clove’s and Lemongrass’s EO did not affect to erythrocyte level, however, Clove’s EO did significantly affect to thrombocyte, hemoglobin and leukocyte level compared to R2 group, consecutively: (25.70%; 87.79%; and 37.59%), while Lemongrass’s EO significantly affected hemoglobin level (51.17%) compared to R2 group. It can be concluded that the addition of Clove’s and Lemongrass’s EO on basal feed could maintain the performance and improve the hematology profile of diabetic rat.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF Aloe vera GEL ON SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD) LEVEL IN STREPTOZOTOCIN (STZ)-INDUCED DIABETIC WISTAR Rattus novergicus LIVER

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Nia Lukita Ariani ◽  
Abdul Gofur ◽  
Dwi Listyorini ◽  
Hendra Susanto ◽  
Yuda Handaya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Aloe Vera Gel ◽  
One Way Anova

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by the increasing levels of blood glucose as a result of either impaired of insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Persistent hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress. Aloe vera is known of having an antioxidant activity. One of intrinsic antioxidant enzyme is superoxide dismutase (SOD) which eliminates superoxide radical. This research aims to determine the effect of Aloe vera gel on SOD level in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat liver. Wistar strain of Rattus novergicus used in this research were grouped into eight groups, consist of negative control (K-), non diabetic groups (NDM) consist of NDM 1 (dose of 30 mg/day), NDM 2 (dose of 60 mg/day), NDM 3 (dose of 120 mg/day), positive control (DM), and the DM group consists of DM 1 (dose of 30 mg/day), DM 2 (dose of 60 mg/day), and DM 3 (dose of 120 mg/day), with three replications each. Diabetic rats were induced using an intra-peritoneal injection of 60 mg/kg BW STZ. Three milliliters of Aloe vera gel were given intragastrointestinally for 14 days started from three days after injection of STZ. The level of liver SOD was measured with spectrophotometer.The results of One-Way Anova showed that Aloe vera gel has a significant effect on SOD levels (p< 0.05). Further analysis using LSD showed that only the treatment of NDM with 60 mg/day of Aloe vera gel giving a significant decreasing of SOD level compared to (K-). The conclusion is that Aloe vera has potency as a natural antioxidant. Keywords: Aloe vera, diabetes mellitus, superoxide dismutase (SOD), liver, streptozotocin (STZ) 

scholarly journals Pengaruh pemberian klorofilin berbagai dosis terhadap indeks fagositosis makrofag dan kadar nitric oxide mencit BALB/c yang diinfeksi dengan Salmonella typhimurium

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Puspito Arum ◽  
Lisyani B Suromo ◽  
Niken Puruhita
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Phagocytosis Index ◽  
And Control ◽  
One Way Anova

Background: Immune responses to eliminate Salmonella infection are by activating macrophage and by producing NO. Chlorophyllin is a chlorophyll derivate that has immunomodulator properties. Objective: The aim of this study was to prove effect of chlorophyllin in macrophage phagocytosis index and NO level. Methods: A post test only controlled group design was conducted in 5 groups Balb/c mice (negative control, positive control, dosage 100 µg/200 g BW, dosage 200 µg/200 g BW and dosage 380 µg/200 g BW). Macrophage phagocytosis index was measured by counting cells that phagocyte latexs particles. NO level was measured by Griess method. Macrophage phagocytosis index difference was analyzed by one way anova and NO level deference was analyzed by Kruskall-Wallis test (α 0,05).Results: Means of macrophage phagocytosis index were 0,7(±0,80), 1,8(±0,80), 2(±0,22), 2,5(±0,43) and 3,2(±0,68) respectively in negative control, positive control, chlorophyllin dosage 100 µg/g BW/day, 200 µg/g BW/day and 380 µg/g BW/day. There was a significant difference of macrophage phagocytosis index between group (p 0,000). Mean of NO level were 0,4 µM(±0,10), 0,6 µM(±0,60), 0,8 µM(±0,64), 0,6 µM(±0,67) and 0,4 µM(±0,26) respectively in negative control, positive control, chlorophyllin dosage 100 µg/g BW/day, 200 µg/g BW/day and 380 µg/g BW/day. There was no difference of  NO level between group (p 0,813).Conclusion: There was a significant difference of macrophage phagocytosis index between chlorophyllin administered group and control. The higher chlorophyllin dosage, the higher macrophage phagocytosis index. Therewas no difference of  NO level between chlorophyllin administered group and control.

ANTI-ATHEROSCLEROTIC EFFECTS OF SONNERATIA ALBA FRUIT EXTRACT IN ATHEROSCLEROTIC-INDUCED RATS

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
HURIATUL MASDAR ◽  
MUHAMMAD YULIS HAMIDY ◽  
DARMAWI ◽  
RIZFAN TRIHARDI ◽  
ANDHIKA PERWIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Foam Cells ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Sonneratia Alba ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
One Way Anova

Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the potential of Sonneratia alba fruit extract to prevent atherosclerosis formation. Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats were divided into standard or negative control (S), positive control (P) and treatment (T) groups. Atherosclerosis was induced in groups P and T by orally administering a single dose of Vitamin D3 and a high-fat diet for three days. Sonneratia alba fruit extract was given to the T-group for three days. Lipids were enzymatically measured and foam cells were counted in 10 fields of a microscopic view of the abdominal aorta. Results: This study showed higher cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride levels in the T-group, compared to the other groups. The average number of foam cells in the S-, P-and T-groups were 11.8±3.3 cells, 21.2±2.2 cells and 11.7±2.9 cells, respectively. Statistical analysis with One-Way Anova showed a significant difference in the average number of foam cells (p = 0.042). Further analysis showed a significant difference in the average number of foam cells in groups S with P (p = 0.041) and P with T (p = 0.024). Conclusion: Sonneratia alba fruit extract showed a potential effect to inhibit atherosclerosis process but could not suppress lipid levels in the blood.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Buah Masisin (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Wight) terhadap Frekuensi, Konsistensi, dan Durasi Diare pada Hewan Coba Mencit Putih Jantan (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Oleum Ricini

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-40
Author(s):  
Angeline Novia Toemon ◽  
Austin Bertilova Carmelita ◽  
Astri Widiarti ◽  
Dian Mutiasari
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa

People in Central Borneo which is often used to treat diarrhea is the fruit of masisin (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Wight) with active compounds which are capable to treat diarrhea such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. Diarrhea is a defecate with a liquid or half-liquid feces, the content of water in a feces is more than usual, it is more than 200 g or 200 ml / 24 hours. To know the effectiveness of the extract of the fruit of masisin as an alternative to antidiarrheal treatment seen from the frequency, duration, and consistency of feces in male white mice (Mus musculus). This study design was a true experimental design with post-test control group design with 5 treatments for each group. This study started by making some extracts of Masisin fruit. Followed observation with 5 treatment groups animals. The induction of diarrhea was using oleum ricini, with aquadest as the negative control, and Loperamide HCL as the positive control. The dose of ethanol extracts of masisin fruit divided into 0.3 mg/g BW, 0.6 mg/g BW and 1.2 mg/g BW, all of the treatments were given orally. This study data was statistically analyzed with one way ANOVA. The results of one way ANOVA test showed that the value of p <0,05 meaning that there is the influence of EEBM on frequency, consistency and duration of diarrhea at doses 0.3 mg/g BW, 0.6 mg/g BW and 1.2 mg/Gbw. Based on observations ethanol extracts of masisin fruit had antidiarrheal effect at doses 0,3 mg/g BW, 0.6 mg/g BW and 1.2 mg/g BW in male white mice (Mus musculus).

scholarly journals FORMULATION OF CINNAMON BARK ESSENTIAL OIL GEL AS MOSQUITO REPELLENT

2022 ◽  
pp. 208-212
Author(s):  
DHADHANG WAHYU KURNIAWAN ◽  
VIDYA NUR AGUSTINA ◽  
SUNARTO ◽  
GUNAWAN ADI WIBOWO ◽  
MUHAMMAD ZAENURI SYAMSU HIDAYAT
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Cinnamon Bark ◽  
Carbopol 940 ◽  
Gel Preparation ◽  
One Way Anova

Objective: The purpose of this research is to prepare a cinnamon bark essential oil gel preparation, determines the physical characteristic and physical stability during storage, and examines the activity of mosquito repellent from the best gel preparation. Methods: The formulations of gel were made with variations in the concentration of Carbopol 940 (0.5%, 1.5%, and 2%) contain 1% of cinnamon bark essential oil. The gel evaluated physical characteristics and physical stability. The parameters of organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH are analyzed descriptive, while the viscosity, the spreadability, and the gel adhesion were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at the level of confidence of 95%. The best gel tested its effectiveness as compared to the negative control and product innovator (which used DEET as an active compound) as a positive control. The activity of repellent was determined by an Aedes aegypti mosquito for 6 h with 2 hands respondents. The effectiveness of repellent protection is calculated by the percentage of protection power. Results: The studies showed that all the gel preparations qualified the organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH parameters. The viscosity, gel adhesion, and spreadability are also stable during storage. Conclusion: Based on the results, the best gel is the formula I which has mosquito repellent activity effective for 6 h like DEET.

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