Studies of meteorological elements and climate change in the Uruçuí river basin/Brazil

The objective is to show the variability of meteorological elements in the hydrographic basin area of the hydrographic basin of the Uruçuí Preto River–PI/Brazil, aiming to contribute to sustainable development in the productive areas of agriculture, laser, and hydrology. The meteorological elements studied are air temperature and relative humidity and their fluctuations, thermal amplitude, wind (intensity and direction), total insolation, cloud cover, evaporation, evapotranspiration, and rainfall. The data were from the 1960-1990 series, acquired by the Superintendency of the Development of the Northeast and by the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Company of Piauí. The maximum annual temperature is 32.1°C, its minimum 20.0°C, with an average annual temperature of 26.1°C. A climatic classification was used according to the KÖPPEN systems, where two climatic types are distinguished in the Uruçuí Preto/PI river basin, the Aw, tropical hot and humid, with rain in summer and dry in winter; Bsh, warm semi-arid, with summer rains and dry winter. The variation of the thermal amplitude is from 11.9 to 14.9ºC. The average relative humidity of the air was 47 to 79%; the average annual precipitation was 937.7 mm; it was observed that the annual march of relative humidity follows the annual distribution of precipitation because the precipitation was the feeding process from natural sources of water vapor and moisture. Total Sunstroke in the BHRUP area ranges from 2520 to 2750 hours. It is concluded that the maximum annual temperatures increased during the period, which can cause several socioeconomic problems, and human health.

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COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE DADOS METEOROLÓGICOS OBTIDOS POR ESTAÇÕES CONVENCIONAIS E AUTOMÁTICAS NO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ, BRASIL*

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2017v22n1p220-235 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 220-235

Author(s):

Aureliano De Albuquerque Ribeiro ◽

Aderson Soares De Andrade Júnior ◽

Everaldo Moreira Da Silva ◽

Marcelo Simeão ◽

Edson Alves Bastos

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Absolute Error ◽

Average Relative Humidity ◽

Operational Issues ◽

Meteorological Elements

COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE DADOS METEOROLÓGICOS OBTIDOS POR ESTAÇÕES CONVENCIONAIS E AUTOMÁTICAS NO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ, BRASIL* AURELIANO DE ALBUQUERQUE RIBEIRO1; ADERSON SOARES DE ANDRADE JÚNIOR2; EVERALDO MOREIRA DA SILVA3; MARCELO SIMEÃO4 E EDSON ALVES BASTOS2 1Doutorando em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, s/n - Pici, bloco 804, 60455-760, Fortaleza - CE, [email protected] Embrapa Meio-Norte, Teresina, PI, [email protected], [email protected] Professor Adjunto II da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, PI, [email protected] Mestre em Agronomia: Solos e Nutrição de Plantas, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, PI, [email protected]*Extraído da dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor 1 RESUMOO registro de elementos climáticos é efetuado por estações meteorológicas convencionais e automáticas. Porém, por questões operacionais e de custo, as estações automáticas estão substituindo as convencionais. Contudo, para que as séries de dados dessas estações sejam únicas, há a necessidade de estudos comparativos entre as duas estações. O estudo teve como objetivo comparar dados meteorológicos obtidos por estações convencionais (EMC) e automáticas (EMA) em municípios do Estado do Piauí (Paulistana, Picos, São João do Piauí, Floriano, Parnaíba e Piripiri). Os elementos meteorológicos avaliados foram: temperaturas do ar máxima (°C) mínima (ºC) e média (ºC), umidade relativa média do ar (%), velocidade do vento a 10 m (m s-1), precipitação pluviométrica (mm) e pressão atmosférica média (hPa). As comparações dos dados foram feitas por meio dos seguintes indicadores estatísticos: precisão (R2), erro absoluto médio (EAM), coeficiente de correlação (r), índice de concordância de Willmott (d) e índice de confiança (c). Os melhores ajustes dos dados foram constatados para a precipitação e pressão atmosférica; intermediários, para a temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar média e os piores, para a velocidade do vento. A umidade relativa média do ar foi o elemento analisado que mostrou as maiores diferenças entre a EMC e a EMA. Palavras-chave: Agrometeorologia, elementos climáticos, sensores. RIBEIRO, A. A.; ANDRADE JÚNIOR, A. S.; SILVA, E.M.; SIMEÃO, M.; BASTOS, E.A.COMPARISON OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA RECORDED BY CONVENTIONAL AND AUTOMATIC STATIONS IN PIAUÍ STATE, BRAZIL 2 ABSTRACTClimatic elements are recorded by both conventional and automatic weather stations. However, due to cost and operational issues, automatic stations are replacing the conventional. So that data sets from these stations are unique, there is a need for comparative studies between the two types of stations. The aim of this study was to compare meteorological data obtained by conventional and automatic stations in towns of the State of Piauí, Brazil (Paulistana, Picos, São João do Piauí, Floriano and Piripiri).The meteorological elements evaluated were: maximum (°C) minimum (°C) and average (°C) air temperature, average relative humidity (%), wind speed at 10 m (m s-1), rainfall (mm) and average atmospheric pressure (hPa). Data comparison was by the following statistical indicators: precision (R2), mean absolute error (EAM), Pearson correlation coefficient (r), Willmott’s index of agreement (d) and confidence index (c). The best data adjustments were observed for rainfall and atmospheric pressure; intermediates for the air temperature, average relative humidity and worst for the wind speed. The air average relative humidity was the analyzed element that showed the greatest differences between EMC and EMA. Keywords: Agrometeorology, meteorological elements, sensors

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Analysis of the variation in potential evapotranspiration and surface wet conditions in the Hancang River Basin, China

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88162-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Han Zhang ◽

Lin Wang

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

River Basin ◽

Water Cycle ◽

Meteorological Factors ◽

Potential Evapotranspiration ◽

Principal Component ◽

Average Temperature ◽

Small Watersheds ◽

Humidity Index ◽

Average Relative Humidity

AbstractEvapotranspiration is an important component of the water cycle, and possible trends in evapotranspiration can, among others, influence water management and agricultural production. Potential evapotranspiration (ETp) is a measure of the ability of the atmosphere to remove water from the surface through the processes of evaporation and transpiration. It plays an important role in assessing regional dry–wet conditions and variations in meteorological conditions. This study analyzed the change trends of monthly ETp and surface dryness and wetness in the Hancang River Basin and, through principal component analysis and correlation analysis, explored the main meteorological factors that affected ETp and the interactions between meteorological factors; ETp values were estimated using the FAO-56 Penman–Monteith method. The results showed that there was a large gap in ETp between different months in the Hancang River Basin, with a trend of first increasing and then decreasing within a year. The highest monthly evapotranspiration was 114.119 mm (July), and the lowest was 42.761 mm (January). The maximum relative humidity index was 0.822 (August), and the minimum was -0.979 (January). The average temperature, precipitation, average relative humidity, and solar radiation are positive factors that affect ETp, while average air pressure is a negative factor that affects ETp. This study provides a reference for the wet conditions of small watersheds and for countermeasures to address climate change.

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The environmental programme for the Danube River Basin

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0232 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 135-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. W. Rodda

Keyword(s):

Environmental Management ◽

River Basin ◽

Technical Assistance ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Danube River ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Regional Approach ◽

The Danube River ◽

Danube River Basin

The Programme has the objective of providing a regional approach to environmental management in the Danube River Basin where there is great pressure from a diverse range of human activities. Serious pollution problems exist from urban populations, from industry, and from intensive agricultural practices. Although the water quality of the main Danube river is probably better than the Rhine because of its greater flow, the same is not the case in the tributaries where there the problems are more serious. A factor which makes a compelling case for a regional approach is the deterioration of the Black Sea into which the main Danube river discharges significant loads of nutrients and a range of non-degradable contaminants. The application of limited financial resources will require fine judgement about the high priority pollution sources that will lead to cost-effective improvements. This action, and other technical assistance, also requires a considerable effort to strengthen the organisations having responsibility for environmental management, and to develop effective public participation. The paper emphasises the water pollution problems in the river basin.

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The humid and thermal impact on distribution of Sea buckthorn fly (Rhagolethis batava Hering, 1958) in Mongolia

Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences ◽

10.5564/pmas.v61i02.1759 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 44-50

Author(s):

Munkhtsetseg Baasan ◽

Turbat Tumurbaatar ◽

Dorjderem Balchin

Keyword(s):

Geographical Distribution ◽

River Basin ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Sea Buckthorn ◽

Thermal Impact ◽

Natural Zones ◽

Average Annual Temperature ◽

Maxent Modeling ◽

Using Data

A total of 80 species in 1834 types of Tephritidae Newman (fruit flies) were recorded in the Mongolian-Russian comprehensive and joint expedition report, which was organized in 1967-1995. In the course of an itinerary survey conducted in 2019, we have recorded the dispersion of Rhagoletis batava at 223 natural (wild) and planted sea buckthorn points in 22 soums of Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, Zavkhan, Khovd, Selenge and Govi-Altai aimags (provinces). Accordingly, we summarized the spread of sea buckthorn fruit fly relating mostly to territories that have dry and cooler climates, while some areas are humid and cold. Based on the dispersion points, we determined the current and future changes in the distribution of this species of flies, using the MaxEnt Modeling of geographical distribution. Thermal and humidity rates that affect the flies were estimated using data collected from 18 meteorological stations and sentinel posts. These points are located in different natural zones with an average annual air temperature fluctuating from -4.8 to 3.2°С. For example, in Tes soum of Uvs aimag, Bayantes soum of Zavkhan aimag and in Tes along the Tes river basin the average annual temperature is from -3.7 to - 4.8°С; in Baitag Kharuul of Bulgan soum of Khovd aimag, along the Bulgan river basin, the warmest temperature is 3.2°С, and in other soums it is -2.4 ... 1.8°С.

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Investigation of monthly variations in the efficiencies of photovoltaics due to sunrise and sunset times

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ◽

10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp310-317 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 310

Author(s):

Armstrong O. Njok ◽

Julie C. Ogbulezie ◽

Manoj Kumar Panjwani ◽

Raja Masood Larik

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Peak Efficiency ◽

Pv Module ◽

Average Relative Humidity ◽

The Difference ◽

Monthly Variations ◽

Different Levels

<p>The effect of time of day and month on the efficient conversion of solar energy to electrical energy using a polycrystalline (PV) module in calabar was studied. A KT-908 precision digital hygrometer and thermometer, and a M890C+ digital multimeter were used in the process. Results obtained shows that photovoltaic produce different levels of peak efficiencies at different times of the day for different months due to the difference in sunrise and sunset times for the months. The results also indicated that photovoltaics will be more efficient in months with low average relative humidity couple with low panel temperature. A peak efficiency of 77% at 12:30 in the month of April was observed before dropping to 73% at 12:00 in the month of May, indicating that there might be further drop in efficiency as we proceed further into the year. Results also show that photovoltaics are more efficient before noon in the month of May than in April while the reverse will be observed in the afternoon. </p>

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Valorization of Local Construction and Technique: Hygrothermal Behavior, Thermal and Visual Comfort of a Nubian Vaulted Construction in Sahelian Climate of Ouagadougou

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i2930963 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 110-123

Author(s):

Fati Zoma ◽

David Y. K. Toguyeni ◽

Barkwendé Jude Kiemtoré ◽

Emmanuel Ouedraogo

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Thermal Comfort ◽

Time Lag ◽

Visual Comfort ◽

Comfort Zone ◽

Time Step ◽

Natural Lighting ◽

Hygrothermal Behavior ◽

Thermal Amplitude ◽

Indoor And Outdoor Environments

This study allowed appreciating hygrothermal behavior, thermal comfort and the visual comfort of an existing Nubian vaulted building in the city of Ouagadougou. To achieve that purpose, we measured parameters such as the temperature and relative humidity of the indoor and outdoor environments as well as illumination by daylight inside the studied building. The measurement campaign consisted of two (02) series of three (03) days in January 2018: one series with insulation of the louvered openings by polystyrene and the other series without the insulation. We carried out the measurements of relative humidity and illumination at 7, 10, 12, 15, 17, 20 and 22 o'clock and adopted a one-hour measurement time step for temperatures. The analysis of these parameters showed that the level of natural lighting in the building was insufficient. In addition, for the indoor ambiance, we have obtained indoor thermal amplitude less than 1.5°C, a decrement factor of less than 6%, a time lag of 6 to 8 hours. As for operative temperatures, they are within the thermal comfort zone of the Givonni diagram. As for the couple (Temperature, Relative Humidity), the thermal comfort zone proposed by Givonni is reached when the louver openings are insulated.

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Karakteristik Pengeringan Biji Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Menggunakan Alat Pengering Surya Adriyarkara Termodifikasi

Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian ◽

10.17969/jimfp.v3i2.7429 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 351-360

Author(s):

Athul Fadhli ◽

Diswandi Nurba ◽

Raida Agustina

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Solar Irradiation ◽

Air Velocity ◽

Drying Time ◽

Average Temperature ◽

Average Relative Humidity

Abstrak. Jagung merupakan tanaman penghasil karbohidrat terpenting. Pengeringan jagung pipil menggunakan alat pengering merupakan proses untuk menghasilkan jagung pipil yang siap diolah untuk pembuatan tepung jagung dengan batas kadar air tertentu sehingga menghaslkan jagung pipil dengan kualitas yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji karakteristik pengeringan biji jagung menggunakan alat pengering surya Termodifikasi. Metode penelitian menggunakan 3,15 kilogram jagung pipil dengan kadar air awal 22% untuk proses pengeringan. Parameter yang dianalisis terkait alat pengering kolektor surya yaitu temperatur, kelembaban relatif, kecepatan udara dan iradiasi surya, sedangkan parameter yang dianalisis terkait bahan yaitu kadar air, lama waktu pengeringan, laju pengeringan dan organoleptik. Prosedur penelitian terdiri dari pengujian kosong dan pengujian dengan menggunakan jagung pipil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa temperatur rata-rata dalam rak pengering sebelum dilakukan modifikasi yaitu 44,4oC, temperatur rata-rata setelah dilakukan modifikasi yaitu 55,5oC dan temperatur rata-rata rak pengering pada pengeringan menggunakan jagung pipil yaitu 46,96oC. Kelembaban relatif rata-rata dalam rak pengering sebelum dilakukan modifikasi yaitu 40,1%, kelembaban relatif rata-rata dalam rak pengering setelah modifikasi yaitu 35,1% dan kelembaban relatif rata-rata pengeringan menggunakan jagung pipil yaitu 44,45%. Dari hasil pengukuran tersebut menunjukkan bahwa nilai temperatur dan kelembaban pada alat setelah modifikasi lebih baik dibandingkan sebelum alat dimodifikasi. Pengukuran temperatur dan kelembaban relatif terdiri dari 4 titik pengukuran yaitu rak 1A,1B dan rak 2A, 2B. Kecepatan udara rata-rata yang diukur konstan yaitu 0,7 m/s pada ruang pengering, sedangkan lingkungan 1,1 m/s. Total iradiasi surya selama pengeringan yaitu 1848,84 W/m2. Kadar air jagung pipil masing-masing rak yaitu rak 1A 14,29%, rak 1B 14,47%, rak 2A 13,91% dan rak 2B 14,1%. Hasil dari pengujian organoleptik, panelis agak menyukai jagung pipil yang dikeringkan menggunakan alat pengering tersebut.Characteristics of Seed Drying (Zea mays L.) Using a Modified Adriyarkara Solar DryerAbstract. Corn is the most important carbohydrate plant. Drying corn using a drying tool is a process to produce corn that are ready to be processed for making corn flour with a certain water content limit so as to produce corn with good quality. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of drying of corn kernels using a modified solar dryer. The research method used 3,15 kilogram of corn milled with the initial moisture content of 22% for drying process. The parameters analyzed in relation to solar collector dryers are temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and solar irradiation, while the parameters analyzed are materials such as moisture content, drying time, drying rate and organoleptic. The research procedure consists of unloaded testing and testing using corn. The results showed that the average temperature in the dryer tray before modification was 44,4°C, the average temperature after modification was 55,5°C and the average temperature of the dryer tray on drying using corn was 46,96oC. The average relative humidity in the dryer tray before modification is 40,1%, the average relative humidity in the dryer tray after modification is 35,1% and the average relative humidity of drying using corn is 44,45%. From the measurement results show that the value of temperature and humidity in the tool after modification is better than before. Measurement of temperature and relative humidity consist of 4 point of measurement that is tray 1A, 1B and tray 2A, 2B. Average mean air velocity measured is 0,7 m/s at the dryer room, while the environment is 1,1 m/s. Total solar irradiation during drying is 1848,84 W/m2. Moisture level of corn each shelves tray 1A is 14,29%, tray 1B is 14.47%, tray 2A is 13,91% and tray 2B is 14,1%. As a result of organoleptic testing, panelists rather like dried corn using the dryer.

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The effect of some seasonal conditions on oestrus occurrence in cows

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-52-459-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 52 (5) ◽

pp. 459-465

Author(s):

B. Bülbül ◽

M. B. Ataman

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variation ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Environmental Temperature ◽

Suppressive Effect ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Ovarian Activity ◽

Environment Temperature ◽

Humidity Index ◽

Annual Distribution

Abstract. In this study, the effect of climatic conditions on oestrus occurrence was investigated by using 9 972 oestrus records of cows recorded between 1995 and 2003. A distinct seasonal variation in the oestrus occurrence was determined. Oestrus occurrence observed in January, March, November and December was less than that in June and September (P<0.05). Annual distribution of the oestrus occurrence was positively correlated with environment temperature and insulation duration, but it was negatively correlated with rainfall (P<0.01). However, there was no relationship between oestrus occurrence and relative humidity. In addition to these, there was a slight decrease in the oestrus response when the temperature-humidity index (THI) was above 72; nevertheless, this decrease was not significant (P >0.05). The data presented in this study demonstrated that the increase in the environmental temperature up to 23 °C did not cause a suppressive effect on the ovarian activity. In conclusion, annual distribution of the oestrus occurrence is positively correlated with environment temperature and insulation duration whereas it is negatively correlated with rainfall in Holstein cows, in this study.

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The Effect of Temperature and Humidity May Reduce the Growth Rate of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27890/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lei Qin ◽

Qiang Sun ◽

Jiani Shao ◽

Yang Chen ◽

Xiaomei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Average Temperature ◽

Temperature And Humidity ◽

Scatter Plots ◽

Low Humidity ◽

Average Relative Humidity ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: The effects of temperature and humidity on the epidemic growth of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)remains unclear.Methods: Daily scatter plots between the epidemic growth rate (GR) and average temperature (AT) or average relative humidity (ARH) were presented with curve fitting through the “loess” method. The heterogeneity across days and provinces were calculated to assess the necessity of using a longitudinal model. Fixed effect models with polynomial terms were developed to quantify the relationship between variations in the GR and AT or ARH.Results: An increased AT dramatically reduced the GR when the AT was lower than −5°C, the GR was moderately reduced when the AT ranged from −5°C to 15°C, and the GR increased when the AT exceeded 15°C. An increasedARH increased theGR when the ARH was lower than 72% and reduced theGR when the ARH exceeded 72%.Conclusions: High temperatures and low humidity may reduce the GR of the COVID-19 epidemic. The temperature and humidity curves were not linearly associated with the COVID-19 GR.

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The IAD-SES-ILT model in assessing the governance of a river basin

South Florida Journal of Development ◽

10.46932/sfjdv2n2-084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 2201-2214

Author(s):

Antonio Paulo Da Silva ◽

Maria João Simas Guerreiro ◽

Samíria Maria Oliveira Da Silva ◽

Carlos Henrique da Silva Sousa

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

River Basin ◽

Legal Theory ◽

Good Governance ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Heuristic Model ◽

Hydrographic Basin ◽

Institutional Approach ◽

Iad Framework

This paper presents the IAD-SES-ILT heuristic model built from the combination of the Institutional Analyzes Development (IAD) framework of Elinor Ostrom and the Institutional Legal Theory (ILT). Using the grammatical syntax for the examination of institutional statements, proposed by Crawford and Ostrom, the structure of the Action Situation levels (Constitutional, Collective and Operational Choice) that make up the governance of the Hydrographic Basin of the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza was analyzed . It was possible to show that the legal view introduced to the IAD-SES by ILT added new values to the institutional approach, allowing an assessment of governance regarding the respect for the principles indicated by the OECD as necessary for good governance of water resources.

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