Body development and serum parameters of sprague-dawley rats fed a diet enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat and sugar in English in bold  left aligned

Hypercaloric and hyperlipidic diets are often used in obesity research to induce excess weight and dyslipidemia in rats. In this experiment, Sprague-Dawley rats received a hypercaloric diet that was enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat and sugar but hypoproteic and nutrient deficient. The rats’ body development and serum parameters were evaluated. Nine rats were fed a standard diet, while 27 rats were fed a hypercaloric diet prepared by substituting 15% of the standard diet with hydrogenated vegetable fat and 10% with sugar. Feed and water were provided ad libitum for 63 days. Between 35 and 98 days of age, the rats’ naso-anal length, body weight, and Lee index were measured weekly. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were obtained to determine the serum levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and glucose. It was observed that the rats fed the hypercaloric diet containing hydrogenated vegetable fat and sugar exhibited less body development and did not develop either dyslipidemia or obesity although they exhibited increased serum glucose concentration.

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Sargassum muticum Hydrothermal Extract: Effects on Serum Parameters and Antioxidant Activity in Rats

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9122570 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 2570 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elena M. Balboa ◽

Rosendo Millán ◽

Herminia Domínguez ◽

Cristina Taboada

Keyword(s):

Serum Glucose ◽

Sargassum Muticum ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Control Group ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Liver Tbars

Sargassum muticum was processed by hydrothermal extraction under previously optimized non-isothermal conditions (up to 187 °C). The alginate free crude hydrolysate was further concentrated by ultrafiltration, operating in diafiltration mode to produce an extract (SmE) enriched in the fucoidan and the phlorotannin fractions and with low mineral content and antiradical capacity equivalent to that of Trolox. In order to explore the potential of this concentrated product for food or feed additive, the in vivo antioxidant potential was assessed. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed SmE dissolved in distilled water at doses of 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 g kg−1, administered via an intragastric tube daily for three weeks. The weight and organ gain was not significantly affected in the different groups in relation to the control group fed a standard diet. Serum glucose was significantly lowered in the groups receiving the higher SmE doses, liver GPx levels were reduced and liver TBARS levels decreased in rats administered the extract, but no effect on SOD activity in either liver or erythrocytes was observed.

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CHANGES IN SERUM LEVELS OF FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE SHORTLY BEFORE AND AFTER PARTURITION IN RATS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0750491 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 491-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Junichi Mori ◽

Hiroshi Nagasawa ◽

Reiko Yanai ◽

Junji Masaki

Keyword(s):

Luteinizing Hormone ◽

Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Appreciable Change ◽

Serum Lh ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Before And After ◽

Average Serum ◽

Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT The sequence of changes in the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from 2 days before to 24 h after parturition of primiparous Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated by radioimmunoassay. No appreciable change in average serum FSH levels was observed during 2 days before and 1 h after parturition. After this the levels increased gradually to show a peak at 7 h after parturition and then declined gradually until 24 h after parturition. However, the level at 24 h after parturition was still twice as high as that at parturition (0 h). The average serum LH levels which were low between 2 days before and 1 h after parturition, showed a peak at 7 h and decreased toward 13 h after parturition. The same levels as at parturition were maintained between 13 and 24 h after parturition. The time of surge of either FSH or LH was closely related to the time after parturition. There were some differences between FSH and LH in the patterns of sequence of changes in the serum levels near parturition.

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Arum conophalloides Aqueous Extract Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat; Histopathological, Biochemical, and mir-122 Assessments

MicroRNA ◽

10.2174/2211536608666191016142400 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 224-231

Author(s):

Amin Derakhshanfar ◽

Javad Moayedi ◽

Mahjoob Vahedi ◽

Abouzar Valizadeh

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Normal Structure ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Biochemical Indices ◽

Potential Hepatotoxicity

Background: Arum conophalloides (A. conophalloides) is a wild edible delicate plant, widely used in traditional medicine. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of A. conophalloides extracts on biochemical, molecular, and histopathological changes in the rat. Methods: Fifty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (10 each) as follows: G1 or control, received distilled water; G2 and G3, treated with the aqueous extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg; G4 and G5, treated with the hydroalcoholic extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. Prior to and at the end of the experiments, the serum levels of biochemistry parameters and the relative expression of miR-122 were assessed. Moreover, the liver and kidney tissues were examined microscopically. Results: Liver and kidney tissues showed normal structure in all groups. There were no significant changes in biochemical indices or the expression of miR-122 in the extract-treated groups at the dose of 200 mg/kg. However, the group that received the aqueous extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg exhibited a significantly lower level of HDL, LDL, ALT, and ALP in comparison to the control. Additionally, miR-122 expression in this group exhibited a 10-fold increase (P=0.009). Conclusion: The serum level of hepatocyte-specific miR-122 will be more helpful in detecting hepatic changes in early stages than ALT and AST activity or histopathological evaluations of liver sections. Our findings highlight the potential hepatotoxicity of A. conophalloides aqueous extract in a rat model.

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A 4-Week Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity Study of Ssanghwa-Tang in Crl:CD Sprague Dawley Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/2135351 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Sae-Rom Yoo ◽

Hyekyung Ha ◽

Mee-Young Lee ◽

Hyeun-kyoo Shin ◽

Su-Cheol Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Safety Information ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Serum Biochemistry ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Herbal Formula ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Organ Weights ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Adverse Effect Level ◽

Effect Level

Ssanghwa-tang (SHT), a traditional herbal formula, has been widely used to recover fatigue or consumptive disease after an illness. Along with much attention to herbal formula, the concerns about the safety and toxicity have arisen. To establish the safety information, SHT was administrated in Crl:CD Sprague Dawley rats at a daily dose of 0, 1000, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg for 4 weeks. During the test periods, we examined the mortality, clinical observation, body weight change, food consumption, organ weights, hematology, serum biochemistry, and urinalysis parameters. No changes of mortality and necropsy findings occurred in any of the groups during the experimental period. In either sex of rats treated with SHT at 5000 mg/kg/day, changes were observed in food intake, reticulocyte, total bilirubin, some urinalysis parameters, and relative organ weights. The results indicated that SHT did not induce toxic effects at a dose level up to 2000 mg/kg in rats. This dosage was considered no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) and was appropriate for a 13-week subchronic toxicity study.

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Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity of a New Tablets Formulation fromTamarindus indicaL.

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/3918219 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jesús Rafael Rodriguez Amado ◽

Ariadna Lafourcade Prada ◽

Julio Cesar Escalona Arranz ◽

Renato Pérez Rosés ◽

Humberto Morris Quevedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Negative Control ◽

Diet Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Tamarindus Indica ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Group I

Hepatotoxic chemicals damage liver cells primarily by producing reactive oxygen species. The decoction of the leaves ofTamarindus indicaL. is used for liver disorders. In this work we evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of a tablet formulation of this plant. Thirty-five Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=7). First group (I) is control group, fed with standard diet. Groups II to V (hepatotoxic groups) were subjected to a subcutaneous injection of CCl4(0.5 mL/kg). Group II was negative control, fed with standard diet; group III was subjected to administration of Silymarin 150 mg/kg and groups IV and V were treated with tablets in dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Lipid peroxidation and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione were evaluated. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and a lipid profile were evaluated too. The tablets inhibit lipid peroxidation. The redox balance (SOD-CAT-GSH) remains normal in the experimental groups treated with tablets. The liver function using dose of 200 mg/kg of tablets was better than the other experimental groups. These results justify, scientifically, the ethnobotanical use of the leaves ofTamarindus indicaL.

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Systemic Effects Induced by Hyperoxia in a Preclinical Model of Intra-abdominal Sepsis

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2020/5101834 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

M. Isabel García-Laorden ◽

Raquel Rodríguez-González ◽

José L. Martín-Barrasa ◽

Sonia García-Hernández ◽

Ángela Ramos-Nuez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cecal Ligation ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Abdominal Sepsis ◽

High Oxygen ◽

Continuous Treatment ◽

Preclinical Model ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Oxygen Concentrations

Supplemental oxygen is a supportive treatment in patients with sepsis to balance tissue oxygen delivery and demand in the tissues. However, hyperoxia may induce some pathological effects. We sought to assess organ damage associated with hyperoxia and its correlation with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a preclinical model of intra-abdominal sepsis. For this purpose, sepsis was induced in male, Sprague-Dawley rats by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We randomly assigned experimental animals to three groups: control (healthy animals), septic (CLP), and sham-septic (surgical intervention without CLP). At 18 h after CLP, septic ( n = 39 ), sham-septic ( n = 16 ), and healthy ( n = 24 ) animals were placed within a sealed Plexiglas cage and randomly distributed into four groups for continuous treatment with 21%, 40%, 60%, or 100% oxygen for 24 h. At the end of the experimental period, we evaluated serum levels of cytokines, organ damage biomarkers, histological examination of brain and lung tissue, and ROS production in each surviving animal. We found that high oxygen concentrations increased IL-6 and biomarkers of organ damage levels in septic animals, although no relevant histopathological lung or brain damage was observed. Healthy rats had an increase in IL-6 and aspartate aminotransferase at high oxygen concentration. IL-6 levels, but not ROS levels, are correlated with markers of organ damage. In our study, the use of high oxygen concentrations in a clinically relevant model of intra-abdominal sepsis was associated with enhanced inflammation and organ damage. These findings were unrelated to ROS release into circulation. Hyperoxia could exacerbate sepsis-induced inflammation, and it could be by itself detrimental. Our study highlights the need of developing safer thresholds for oxygen therapy.

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Effects of Electroacupuncture on Uterine Morphology and Expression of Oestrogen Receptors in Ovariectomised Rats

Acupuncture in Medicine ◽

10.1136/acupmed-2016-011093 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 208-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shulan Ma ◽

Dongju Li ◽

Yi Feng ◽

Jianwei Jiang ◽

Bo Shen

Keyword(s):

Steroid Receptors ◽

Endometrial Thickness ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Sham Operation ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sham Operation Group ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽

Ovx Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Unique Effect

Aim To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on uterine morphology and expression of oestrogen receptor (ER) α and β in ovariectomised (OVX) rats. Methods Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats with regular 4-day oestrus cycles were divided into a sham operation group (Control, n=10) and two OVX groups that remained untreated (OVX group, n=10) or received EA treatment (OVX+EA group, n=10). In the latter group, EA was applied at CV4, CV3, SP6 and bilateral Zigong (30 min per day) for 3 days. The effects of EA on uterine morphology were observed by H&E staining. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to measure ERα and ERβ mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Results Relative to the (untreated) OVX group, EA treatment significantly increased the uterine wet weight to body weight (UWW/BW) ratio (0.47±0.04 vs 0.31±0.03 g/kg, p=0.04), and myometrial thickness (109.39±10.71 vs 60.81±8.1 μm, p=0.016) of OVX rats. Similarly, the total number of endometrial glands per cross section and endometrial thickness in the OVX +EA group was significantly increased compared to the (untreated) OVX group. EA treatment also increased protein (but not mRNA) expression of both ERα and ERβ in the uteri of OVX rats. Conclusions This study has demonstrated that EA treatment decreases uterine atrophy in OVX rats. This unique effect of EA on the uterus may be due to upregulation of serum levels of E2 and differential regulation of sex steroid receptors ERα and ERβ.

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Biochemical changes and oxidative stress induced by zearalenone in the liver of pregnant rats

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327113504972 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 65-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

C Zhou ◽

Y Zhang ◽

S Yin ◽

Z Jia ◽

A Shan

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Messenger Rna ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Albumin Content ◽

Dose Dependent

The aim of the present research was to examine the toxic influence of different doses of zearalenone (ZEN) on the liver, especially oxidative stress induced by ZEN on the liver. A total of 48 pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 4 treatments groups with 12 animals in each. The rats were fed with a normal diet treated with 0 mg/kg (control), 50 mg/kg (treatment 1), 100 mg/kg (treatment 2), or 150 mg/kg (treatment 3) ZEN in feed on gestation days (GDs) 0–7 and then all the rats were fed with a normal diet on GDs 8–20. The experimental period lasted 21 days. The results showed that exposure to ZEN induced increase in aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities and decrease in total protein and albumin content in a dose-dependent manner and also induce decrease in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and increase in malondialdehyde content in a dose-dependent manner in the serum and the liver. The increased transcription of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) was detected in the liver after exposure to ZEN. These results suggested that ZEN not only caused damage in the liver of pregnant rats in a dose-dependent manner but also induced the messenger RNA expression of CYP2E1 in the liver.

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Nicotine Exposure Exacerbates Development of Cataracts in a Type 1 Diabetic Rat Model

Experimental Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2012/349320 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nima Tirgan ◽

Gabriela A. Kulp ◽

Praveena Gupta ◽

Adam Boretsky ◽

Tomasz A. Wiraszka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rat Model ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Diabetic Rat ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Nicotine Treatment ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Diabetic Rat Model

Diabetes and smoking are known risk factors for cataract development. In this study, we evaluated the effect of nicotine on the progression of cataracts in a type 1 diabetic rat model. Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by a single injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin. Daily nicotine injections were administered subcutaneously. Forty-five rats were divided into groups of diabetics with and without nicotine treatment and controls with and without nicotine treatment. Progression of lens opacity was monitored using a slit lamp biomicroscope and scores were assigned. To assess whether systemic inflammation played a role in mediating cataractogenesis, we studied serum levels of eotaxin, IL-6, and IL-4. The levels of the measured cytokines increased significantly in nicotine-treated and untreated diabetic animals versus controls and demonstrated a positive trend in the nicotine-treated diabetic rats. Our data suggest the presence of a synergistic relationship between nicotine and diabetes that accelerated cataract formation via inflammatory mediators.

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Effects of potassium on expression of renal sodium transporters in salt-sensitive hypertensive rats induced by uninephrectomy

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00598.2010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 300 (6) ◽

pp. F1422-F1430 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ji Yong Jung ◽

Sejoong Kim ◽

Jay Wook Lee ◽

Eun Sook Jung ◽

Nam Ju Heo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Period ◽

Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽

Systemic Blood Pressure ◽

Mixed Solution ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sodium Transporters ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Dietary Potassium ◽

Wnk Kinases ◽

Type 3

Dietary potassium is an important modulator of systemic blood pressure (BP). The purpose of this study was to determine whether dietary potassium is associated with an altered abundance of major renal sodium transporters that may contribute to the modulation of systemic BP. A unilateral nephrectomy (uNx) was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and the rats were fed a normal-salt diet (0.3% NaCl) for 4 wk. Thereafter, the rats were fed a high-salt (HS) diet (3% NaCl) for the entire experimental period. The potassium-repleted (HS+KCl) group was given a mixed solution of 1% KCl as a substitute for drinking water. We examined the changes in the abundance of major renal sodium transporters and the expression of mRNA of With-No-Lysine (WNK) kinases sequentially at 1 and 3 wk. The systolic BP of the HS+KCl group was decreased compared with the HS group (140.3 ± 2.97 vs. 150.9 ± 4.04 mmHg at 1 wk; 180.3 ± 1.76 vs. 207.7 ± 6.21 mmHg at 3 wk). The protein abundances of type 3 Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE3) and Na+-Cl− cotransporter (NCC) in the HS+KCl group were significantly decreased (53 and 45% of the HS group at 1 wk, respectively; 19 and 8% of HS group at 3 wk). WNK4 mRNA expression was significantly increased in the HS+KCl group (1.4-fold of control at 1 wk and 1.9-fold of control at 3 wk). The downregulation of NHE3 and NCC may contribute to the BP-attenuating effect of dietary potassium associated with increased urinary sodium excretion.

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