Hypoglycemic effect of p-hydroxycinnamic diesters extracted from carnauba wax powder (Copernicia Prunifera) in alloxan-induced diabetic animals

Diabetes is a chronic non-transmissible disease and the number of cases is increasing every year. Plants appear as an alternative therapy since ancient civilizations. Among the species that have promising pharmacological activities are carnauba (Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore). Carnauba wax powder consists of a mixture of heterogenic compounds, among them, p-hydroxycinnamic diesters (HCA). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of HCA in alloxan-induced diabetic animals. Therefore, this study was performed with 50 female Swiss mice, distributed in 5 groups (n = 10). The animals of the negative and positive control groups were treated with water: healthy and diabetic mice, respectively; animals of the HCA groups 25 and 50 were diabetic animals and they were treated with the HCA solution at doses of 25 and 50 mg / Kg, respectively; and with metformin, standard drug, at the dose of 200 mg / kg. After 28 days of HCA treatment, a significant hypoglycemic effect was observed in animals treated with HCA at the lowest dose tested (25 mg / kg). In the present study, HCA shown to be a promising compound with good scientific applicability due to the reduction of glycemia of diabetic animals induced by alloxan.

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Hypoglycemic Effect of Scarlet Spiral Flag (Costus woodsonii) to Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice: An In Vivo Study

UI Proceedings on Health and Medicine ◽

10.7454/uiphm.v4i1.255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Roderic John R. Magtulis ◽

Emvie Loyd P. Itable, RN, MAN

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Hypoglycemic Effect ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Alloxan Monohydrate

Objective: Diabetes Mellitus is a leading illness to the society and despite of a lot of researches, not a single cure has been discovered. Most of the time, people focused on fighting diabetes and medicinal plants were utilized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Scarlet Spiral Flag (Costus woodsonii) and to be reviewed for preclinical trials.Methods: 20 male Swiss mice were made diabetic by inducing Alloxan monohydrate. Then separated randomly into 4 groups with different treatments administered daily for 7 days; Control, Positive Control (600 µg/kg Glibenclamide), T1 (250mg/kg Scarlet Spiral Flag ethanolic extract) and T2 (500mg/kg Scarlet Spiral Flag ethanolic extract). Their blood sugar was monitored onset after 1st treatment (6th, 12th and 24th hours) and during the week within the 1st, 4th and 8th day.Results: Both the onset and fasting blood sugar monitoring showed a significant decrease in the mean average blood glucose level of the mice.Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Scarlet Spiral Flag (Costus woodsonii) has a potent antidiabetic effect in Alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Since it is under the same Genus of the Insulin plant, it has a common effect in terms of lowering the blood glucose level.Keywords: Acclimatization, Alloxan, Costus woodsonii, Ethanolic Extract, Oral Gavage

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Potential Antidiabetic Activity of Extracts and Isolated Compound from Adenosma bracteosum (Bonati)

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom10020201 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 201 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ngoc Hong Nguyen ◽

Quang Thang Pham ◽

Thi Ngoc Han Luong ◽

Hoang Khai Le ◽

Van Giau Vo

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Positive Control ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Control Group ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Mice Model ◽

Standard Drug

Adenosma bracteosum Bonati. (A. bracteosum) has been used in traditional and modern medicine in Vietnam for curing hepatitis. In this study, ethanol and aqueous extracts of A. bracteosum were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities and anti-hyperglycemic effects on glucose loaded hyperglycemic and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice. The α-glucosidase inhibition of the extracts was evaluated by colorimetric assays, and the anti-diabetic activity was tested on a STZ-induced diabetic mice model. The ethanol and aqueous extracts showed a significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, which was more effective than acarbose at the same concentration. In the STZ-induced diabetic mice, both extracts showed a strong anti-hyperglycemic activity, with the group receiving 50 mg/kg of ethanol extract and the group receiving 50 mg/kg of aqueous extract presenting 64.42% and 57.69% reductions, respectively, in the blood glucose levels when compared with the diabetic control group, on day 21 (p > 0.05). Isoscutellarein-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (IG) was identified from the ethanol extract, which showed a strong inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, with a ten times higher potency compared with the positive control acarbose. The anti-hyperglycemic effect of IG was effectively similar to the standard drug, glibenclamide, at the same dose of 10 mg/kg (p > 0.05). These results indicated that A. bracteosum has a great antidiabetic potential.

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Effect of two photobiomodulation devices on the tissue repair of mice

Revista dos Trabalhos de Iniciação Científica da UNICAMP ◽

10.20396/revpibic2620181433 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jacks Jorge Junior ◽

Ariane Victoria de Gaspari ◽

Felipe Franco ◽

Julia Cirqueira Neves ◽

Lucas Augustinho Trevisan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Repair ◽

Wound Repair ◽

Healing Process ◽

Alternative Therapy ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Skin Wounds ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Control Groups ◽

Biologic Process ◽

Three Phases

Cronic wounds are one of the most serious complications in individuals with diabetes. Wound repair is a complex and dynamic biologic process with three phases: inflammation, proliferation and maturation. Photobiomodulation (PBM) can be used as an alternative therapy to treat this lesion. In this study, we evaluated the effect of two PBM devices (DUAL pen and Polarized light) to treat skin wounds in diabetic mice. Mice were treated for 1 or 3 days. After treatment, all animals were sacrificed and a biopsy of the lesion was taken. Clinically, the groups treated with the two devices presented an improved healing process than control groups.

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Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Assessment of Pharmacological Activities of Leaves and Stems of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.

Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

10.3329/bpj.v22i1.40078 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 79-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tuz Mia Nur Akhi ◽

Mohiminul Adib ◽

Quazi Sufia Islam ◽

Irin Sultana ◽

Rafiqul Haider ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

Standard Group ◽

Chloroform Fraction ◽

Significant Extent ◽

Control Groups ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Activity Test ◽

Maximum Inhibition ◽

Phytochemical Profiles

The present study was designed to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical profiles and pharmmacological activities of different extractives (methanol and chloroform) of the leaves and stems of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. Preliminary phytochemical screenings demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, gums and amides and reducing sugar in leaves and stems. Significant α-amylase inhibitory activities were found by the methanol (66.67%) and chloroform (70.63%) extracts of leaves of G. procumbens as compared to the standard drug acarbose (95.45%) at a concentration of 400 μg/ml. In the castor oil-induced diarrhea, the maximum inhibition of defecation was found by the chloroform fraction. During the anxiolytic activity test which was performed by open field and hole cross method, different extractives of leaves and stems of G. procumbens (500 mg/kg bw) reduced the total count of square crossed and hole crossed to a considerable extent in comparison to the control groups. In antipyretic assay, both extracts reduced the temperature to a significant extent in comparison to the standard group. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(1): 79-84, 2019

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Antipyretic Activity of the Root Extracts of Xylocarpus

International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry and Pharmacology ◽

10.26452/ijrpp.v9i3.1333 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 35-38

Author(s):

Ganesh Kumar Y ◽

Pranitha D ◽

Phaneendra D ◽

Madhava Reddy Ch

Keyword(s):

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽

The Body ◽

Human Race ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Antipyretic Activity ◽

Inhibition Of Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽

Elevated Body Temperature

Various types of conditions exist in the body that causes fever and pain. Drugs that are used to treat fever are called antipyretics, and those are usually prescribed to treat elevated body temperature. But those drugs result in many other side effects like ulcers, perforations, bleedings and obstructions, which make their use questionable and limiting. Medicinal plants are used in the treatment of diseases from the starting of the human race and the process; they had been subjected to rigorous investigations and tests to establish a scientific proof and validation of the various pharmacological activities and their respective mechanisms of action in treating the herbs. Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of the plant, Xylocarpus mekongesis was investigated for its antipyretic activity in yeast method and 3doses out of which 00mg/kg body weight showed a better activity compared to the standard drug and other extracts too. The mechanism of action was similar to the paracetamol action that is inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

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Effects of Deformed Wing Virus Infection on Expressions of Immune- and Apoptosis-Related Genes in Western Honeybees (Apis mellifera)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12010082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Wannapha Mookhploy ◽

Sasiprapa Krongdang ◽

Panuwan Chantawannakul

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Positive Control ◽

Control Groups ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Deformed Wing Virus ◽

Immune Genes ◽

Viral Loads

Honeybees are globally threatened by several pathogens, especially deformed wing virus (DWV), as the presence of DWV in western honeybees is indicative of colony loss. The high mortality rate is further exacerbated by the lack of effective treatment, and therefore understanding the immune and apoptosis responses could pave an avenue for the treatment method. In this study, DWV was directly injected into the white-eyed pupae stage of western honeybees (Apis mellifera). The DWV loads and selected gene responses were monitored using the real-time PCR technique. The results showed that honeybee pupae that were injected with the highest concentration of viral loads showed a significantly higher mortality rate than the control groups. Deformed wings could be observed in newly emerged adult bees when the infected bees harbored high levels of viral loads. However, the numbers of viral loads in both normal and crippled wing groups were not significantly different. DWV-injected honeybee pupae with 104 and 107 copy numbers per bee groups showed similar viral loads after 48 h until newly emerged adult bees. Levels of gene expression including immune genes (defensin, abaecin, and hymenoptaecin) and apoptosis genes (buffy, p53, Apaf1, caspase3-like, caspase8-like, and caspase9-like) were analyzed after DWV infection. The expressions of immune and apoptosis genes were significantly different in infected bees compared to those of the control groups. In the pupae stage, the immune genes were activated by injecting DWV (defensin and hymenoptaecin) or Escherichia coli (defensin, abaecin, and hymenoptaecin), a positive control. On the contrary, the expression of apoptosis-related genes (buffy, caspase3-like, caspase8-like, and caspase9-like genes) was suppressed at 96 h post-infection. In DWV-infected newly emerged adult bees, abaecin, hymenoptaecin, Apaf1, and caspase8-like genes were upregulated. However, these genes were not significantly different between the normal and crippled wing bees. Our results suggested that DWV could activate the humoral immunity in honeybees and that honeybee hosts may be able to protect themselves from the virus infection through immune responses. Apoptosis gene expressions were upregulated in newly emerged adult bees by the virus, however, they were downregulated during the initial phase of viral infection.

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Tamoxifen and oxidative stress: an overlooked connection

Discover Oncology ◽

10.1007/s12672-021-00411-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nermin S. Ahmed ◽

Marek Samec ◽

Alena Liskova ◽

Peter Kubatka ◽

Luciano Saso

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Oxidative Stress ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Wide Range ◽

Post Menopausal ◽

Apoptotic Effects ◽

And Oxidative Stress

AbstractTamoxifen is the gold standard drug for the treatment of breast cancer in pre and post-menopausal women. Its journey from a failing contraceptive to a blockbuster is an example of pharmaceutical innovation challenges. Tamoxifen has a wide range of pharmacological activities; a drug that was initially thought to work via a simple Estrogen receptor (ER) mechanism was proven to mediate its activity through several non-ER mechanisms. Here in we review the previous literature describing ER and non-ER targets of tamoxifen, we highlighted the overlooked connection between tamoxifen, tamoxifen apoptotic effects and oxidative stress.

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A Phenolic Fraction from Catharanthus roseus L. Stems Decreases Glycemia and Stimulates Insulin Secretion

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/7191035 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Janet Alejandra Espejel-Nava ◽

Elisa Vega-Avila ◽

Francisco Alarcon-Aguilar ◽

Alejandra Contreras-Ramos ◽

Guadalupe Díaz-Rosas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Secretion ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Catharanthus Roseus ◽

Chromatographic Analysis ◽

Hypoglycemic Effect ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Rinm5f Cells ◽

Phenolic Fraction

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. (C. roseus) is a medicinal plant used traditionally for diabetes mellitus control. Several compounds of an alkaloidal nature have been proposed as hypoglycemic principles. However, little attention has been paid to other compounds in this plant that could also participate in this hypoglycemic activity. This study aimed to analyze the hypoglycemic effect of a polyphenolic fraction from C. roseus, as well as its action on insulin secretion and expression in RINm5F cells. Methods. An alkaloid-free aqueous extract was obtained from C. roseus stems. The hypoglycemic effect of different doses of this extract was evaluated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. This extract was fractionated by bipartition, and the resultant fractions were assessed by their hypoglycemic effects. Subsequently, the fraction with the greater hypoglycemic activity was added to the RINm5F cells, and the expression and secretion of insulin were analyzed. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method and through chromatographic analysis of the most active fraction by HPLC, using an Econosphere C18 column. Results. The aqueous alkaloid-free extract of C. roseus stems significantly reduced blood glucose in normal and diabetic mice. The fractionation of this extract provided three fractions, one of which (a precipitate) showed significant reductions in glycemia at 6 h (48.1 and 64.5% in normal and diabetic mice, respectively). This precipitate contained phenolic compounds and saponins. Its chromatographic analysis showed that it is formed by several phenolic compounds; gallic acid (0.053%) and chlorogenic acid (0.216%) were identified and quantified. Conclusion. The phenolic fraction of C. roseus containing gallic acid and chlorogenic acid had a hypoglycemic effect that may be explained by an increase in insulin secretion.

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