scholarly journals Carotenoid Production by Rhodosporidium paludigenum Using Cassava Starch Hydrolyzed by Bacillus subtilis as Substrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renna Eliana Warjoto ◽  
Felianti Felianti ◽  
Bibiana Widiyati Lay
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Carotenoid Production ◽  
Starch Hydrolysate ◽  
Reducing Sugar Concentration

Carotenoids are natural pigments with colors ranging from yellow to red that are beneficial for food, cosmetics, and animal feed industries. These pigments can be found in fruits, vegetables, algae, and microorganisms. Among all microorganisms that have been known to produce carotenoids, Rhodosporidium paludigenum is still poorly investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the potential of carotenoid production by R. paludigenum using cassava starch hydrolyzed by Bacillus subtilis as a substrate. The cassava starch for hydrolysis was divided into four concentrations, i.e., 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% w/v. During the hydrolysis period, the amylase enzyme activity produced by B. subtilis was evaluated. The reducing sugar concentration was then examined to determine the optimum medium for carotenoid production. The highest amylase enzyme activity was produced on the second day in all cassava starch concentrations. However, the highest reducing sugar concentration was discovered in the 6% w/v cassava starch concentration. Thus, a batch submerged fermentation for carotenoid production by R. paludigenum was performed using the hydrolysate as the sole substrate. At the end of the fermentation, the total carotenoid was extracted, and the concentration was determined using spectrophotometry. The total yield of xanthophyll over biomass was higher than that of β-carotene. These findings elucidated the potency of cassava starch hydrolysate obtained from the starch hydrolyzed by B. subtilis, for carotenoid production by the red yeast R. paludigenum.

Effect of temperature and pH on the production, activity, and stability of α-amylase from Bacillus subtilis V37

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Thuoc Doan Van ◽  
Hung Nguyen Phuc
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Original Activity ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Ph Range

The effect of physical parameters such as temperature and pH on the production, activity, and stability of α-amylase from Bacillus subtilis V37 was investigated. The results indicated that the optimum culture conditions for enzyme activity were pH 7.0 and 35 oC. The optimum pH and temperature for enzyme activity were 6.0 and 70 oC. The crude enzyme was found to be stable in the pH range of 5.0 to 7.0. The enzyme was stable for 1 h at a temperature from 30 to 80 oC; nearly 100% of enzyme activity remained at temperatures of 30 - 40 oC, and about 34% of original activity remained at a temperature of 80 oC. These features demonstrated that α-amylase from B. subtilis V37 can be applied in many areas such as the food, fermentation, and animal feed industries.

PRETREATMENT OF MILLET HUSK USING ALKALINE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE TO ENHANCE ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS FOR REDUCING SUGAR PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
Zeenat Ibrahim Saulawa ◽  
Lawal Nura ◽  
Muntari Bala ◽  
Abdullahi A. Iman
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Pretreatment Time ◽  
Pretreatment Temperature ◽  
Reducing Sugar Concentration

The effectiveness of alkaline hydrogen peroxide as a suitable choice of pretreatment for the conversion of millet husk to reducing sugars using cellulase enzyme for hydrolysis and subsequent ethanol production was determined. The effects of three variables on reducing sugar production from millet husk were determined using one factor at a time (OFAT) method namely; peroxide concentration, pretreatment time and pretreatment temperature. From the results, it was observed that a significant (P<0.05) amount of reducing sugars were lost during pretreatment of millet husk. The untreated group which was only physically pretreated (milled) however yielded a significantly higher (P<0.05) reducing sugar concentration of 10.67mg/ml after enzymatic hydrolysis while the highest reducing sugar concentration of 4.82mg/ml was obtained using 0.375%v/v peroxide concentration for 60minutes at 250C. Therefore, pretreatment of biomass with alkaline hydrogen peroxide may be more suitable for feedstock with high lignin contents than millet husk.

scholarly journals Waktu Optimum Hidrolisis Pati Limbah Hasil Olahan Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz var. Lahumbu) Menjadi Gula Cair Menggunakan Enzim α-Amilase Dan Glukoamilase

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Ardiansyah Ardiansyah ◽  
Nurlansi Nurlansi ◽  
Rustam Musta
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
A Value ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Reducing Sugar Concentration

This study aims to determine optimum time of action of the enzyme α-amylase and glucoamylase needed in hydrolyze of starch from waste processed cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz var. Lahumbu). This research was conducted through three main stages, namely the gelatinization, liquefaction and saccharification. The method was used method are liquefaction and  saccharification. The variation time of the stage liquefaction: 12; 24; 36; 48; 60; and 72 minutes and the saccharification stage are: 9; 18; 27; 36; 45; 54; and 63 hours. The results showed that the optimum time required for stage liquefaction using α-amylase enzyme is 48 minutes on the condition of a temperature of 80 oC with a value of 0.09% amylose levels were measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The optimum time required for saccharification step using a glucoamylase which is 54 hours on the conditions of a temperature of 50oC with the amount of reducing sugar concentration of 9.186 g/L as measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.

scholarly journals Study of Acid Hydrolysis on Organic Waste: Understanding The Effect of Delignification and Particle Size

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Nadiem Anwar ◽  
Iman Mukhaimin ◽  
Mining Harsanti ◽  
Ate Romli
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Reducing Sugar Concentration

Organic wastes from Swiettenia marcophylla L, Artocarpus heterophyllus L, Mangifera indica L, and Annona muricata L were prepared by grinding into 0.1875, 0.3750, 0.7500 mm of particle size and delignified by 2% NaOH at 80°C for 90 minutes. Acid dilution hydrolysis process with H2SO4 1% was performed at 150°C for 120 minutes in a closed reactor. The effect of particle size and delignification on and reducing sugar concentration were investigated. The result showed (1) leaves that can be used as raw material to produce hydrogen should have 38–49% cellulose and hemicellulose. (2) Reducing sugar concentration increased with particle size reduction and delignification. (3) the best result with the highest reducing sugar concentration was achieved by 0.1875 mm particle size with delignification on Annona muricata L.

IRRIGATION, FERTILIZER, HARVEST DATES AND STORAGE EFFECTS ON THE REDUCING SUGAR AND FRUCTOSE CONCENTRATIONS OF JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE TUBERS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. DORRELL ◽  
B. B. CHUBEY
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Reducing Sugar Concentration

Several management practices were imposed on four Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) accessions to determine changes in tuber yield, sugar content and the percentage of fructose and glucose in the hydrolyzed soluble sugar extracts. The fructose concentration in the reducing sugars declined from 82.3 to 74.2% from 6 September to 24 October. Storage of tubers at 2 C for up to 11 wk reduced the mean level of fructose from 78.2 to 68.0% and had a variable effect on reducing sugar concentration. Supplemental irrigation lowered the reducing sugar concentration significantly, while fertilization had no affect on any quality parameters. The Morden accession, M6, produced the best combination of high tuber yield (37.4 t/ha), reducing sugar concentration (16.3%) and fructose concentration in the reducing sugars (77.4%). Although a long period of growth was desirable to produce maximum yields of both tubers and total sugar, it was accompanied by a reduction in the ratio of fructose to glucose. This crop does not appear to require a high level of management to produce a good quality carbohydrate product.

scholarly journals SUGAR METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN CARROT ROOTS FROM POPULATIONS VARYING IN SUGAR TYPE AND CONCENTRATION

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 591b-591
Author(s):  
Philipp W. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Developmental Analysis ◽  
Reducing Sugar Concentration ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Synthase

Four carrot populations with low total sugar/low reducing sugar concentration, low total sugar/high reducing sugar concentration, high total sugar/low reducing sugar concentration, and high total sugar/high reducing sugar concentration were compared for pH 4.5 invertase, pH 7.5 invertase, sucrose synthase, and sucrose phosphate synthase activity. Invertase activities correlated well with reducing sugar concentration. Sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase activities were low in all populations. Total sugar level was not well-correlated with the activity of any enzyme measured. Developmental analysis indicated some reduction in enzyme activity as roots grew.

Role of sugars and proteins in development of desiccation tolerance in fresh and shade-dried onion seeds

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
V. K. Pandita ◽  
Shantha Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Reducing Sugar Concentration ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Seed Water Content

In a 2-year field study, the umbels of open-pollinated onion cv. ‘Pusa Red’ were tagged on the day of anthesis and were sampled at different intervals until harvest maturity. Each umbel was cut in half and bulked with others in the respective replication. Seeds were immediately taken from half of the umbels for analysis of seed water content, leachate conductivity, seed capsule chlorophyll, seed dry weight and seed germination. They were also subjected to rapid desiccation to identify the stage at which desiccation tolerance occurred. The remaining umbel halves were shade dried and subjected to the same quality analyses except chlorophyll content. With seed maturation, there were rapid declines in chlorophyll content, leachate conductivity and seed water content, whereas seed dry weight and germination increased. In fresh seeds, maximum germination occurred around 50 days after anthesis, when physiological maturity and maximum seed weight were attained. In shade-dried seed, maximum germination occurred at 42 days after anthesis. This coincided with drastic reductions in seed capsule chlorophyll, leachate conductivity and seed water content in fresh seeds. At this stage, reducing sugar concentration declined and non-reducing sugar concentration increased many fold in shade-dried seeds. SDS-PAGE analysis of the heat-stable proteins extracted from the seeds also showed prominent bands in the lower molecular weight region at 42 DAA. Therefore, the shade-dried seeds attained membrane stability at 42 DAA. In cases of adverse weather conditions or disease attack, seed umbels can be harvested as early as 42 DAA and shade dried without compromising seed germination. Desiccation tolerance in fresh onion seeds occurred around 46 DAA and was a gradual event.

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