Medical Events on Board Aircraft: Reducing Confusion and Misinterpretation in the Scientific Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-273
Author(s):  
Claude Thibeault ◽  
Anthony D. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Aviation Medicine ◽  
English Only ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Commercial Airline ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Pressure Volume Relationship ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject

INTRODUCTION: A topic in aviation medicine that attracts much attention from the scientific community as well as from the media concerns medical incidents on board commercial airline flights. It was noticed that many papers on the subject were written by authors whose specialization was outside that of aviation medicine and that they sometimes made basic errors concerning the application of scientific principles of the subject. A review was undertaken to determine if there were any patterns to the observed errors and, if so, to consider whether recommendations might be provided that could reduce their frequency.METHOD: A literature search was undertaken of MEDLINE using PubMed for English-only articles published between January 1, 1974, and February 1, 2019, employing the following search terms: air emergency, air emergencies, air passenger, air travel, aircraft, airline, aviation, commercial air, flight, and fitness to fly. In addition, other relevant papers held in the personal collection of the authors were reviewed.RESULTS: Many cases of misinterpretation or misunderstanding of aviation medicine were found, which could be classified into eight main categories: references; cabin altitude; pressure/volume relationship; other technical aspects of aircraft operations; regulations; medical events; in-flight deaths; and automated external defibrillator.CONCLUSION: Papers were identified as having questionable statements of fact or of emphasis. Such instances often appeared to result from authors being unfamiliar with the subject of aviation medicine and/or the commercial aviation environment. Simple steps could be taken by authors to reduce the future rate of such instances and recommendations are provided.Thibeault C, Evans AD. Medical events on board aircraft: reducing confusion and misinterpretation in the scientific literature. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(4):265273.

scholarly journals Defining Online Hating and Online Haters

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Malecki ◽  
Marta Kowal ◽  
Małgorzata Dobrowolska ◽  
Piotr Sorokowski
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ethnographic Interviews ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Definition Of

According to a view widely held in the media and in public discourse more generally, online hating is a social problem on a global scale. However, thus far there has been little scientific literature on the subject, and, to our best knowledge, there is even no established scholarly definition of online hating and online haters in the first place. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a new perspective on online hating by, first, distinguishing online hating from the phenomena it is often confused with, such as trolling, cyberstalking, and online hate speech, and, second, by proposing an operational definition of online hating and online haters based on ethnographic interviews and surveys of the existing scholarly literature.

Typologization of security regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Denis Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Procedural Understanding ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Understanding

The purpose of the article is to typologize terminological definitions of security, to find out the general, to identify the originality of their interpretations depending on the subject of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the study is the methods that made it possible to obtain valid conclusions, in particular, the method of comparison, through which it became possible to correlate different interpretations of the term "security"; method of hermeneutics, which allowed to elaborate texts of normative legal acts of Ukraine, method of typologization, which made it possible to create typologization groups of variants of understanding of the term "security". Scientific novelty. The article analyzes the understanding of the term "security" in various regulatory acts in force in Ukraine. Typological groups were understood to understand the term "security". Conclusions. The analysis of the legal material makes it possible to confirm that the issues of security are within the scope of both legislative regulation and various specialized by-laws. However, today there is no single conception on how to interpret security terminology. This is due both to the wide range of social relations that are the subject of legal regulation and to the relativity of the notion of security itself and the lack of coherence of views on its definition in legal acts and in the scientific literature. The multiplicity of definitions is explained by combinations of material and procedural understanding, static - dynamic, and conditioned by the peculiarities of a particular branch of legal regulation, limited ability to use methods of one or another branch, the inter-branch nature of some variations of security, etc. Separation, common and different in the definition of "security" can be used to further standardize, in fact, the regulatory legal understanding of security to more effectively implement the legal regulation of the security direction.

PLANEJAMENTO FAMILIAR COMO ASSUNTO DE MULHER!? PERFIL DE GÊNERO NA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NO BRASIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella De Paula Chiesa ◽  
Mário Antônio Sanches ◽  
Daiane Priscila Simão-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Subject

O estudo do Planejamento familiar, no contexto da bioética, abre-se para diversas perspectivas, entre elas a valorização dos seus diferentes atores. Situado neste contexto o artigo tem como objetivo identificar o perfil de gênero na produção científica sobre Planejamento Familiar no Brasil, entre 2000 e 2014, assim como a área de formação e especialização dos autores. Foram utilizadas metodologias que permitiram mapear o estado da arte do tema estudado, a partir de uma revisão da literatura. O resultado da pesquisa identifica que a produção científica sobre Planejamento Familiar no Brasil se compõe de perfil destacadamente feminino (71,76%). Dos 73 artigos analisados, 42 (57,53%) o foco do tema está direcionado à mulher assim como evidencia-se a área de ciências da saúde com maior concentração das publicações do tema.  Este aspecto da pesquisa abre para uma realidade complexa onde se buscam criticamente as razões para a pesquisa em Planejamento Familiar ter ênfase na mulher e ser um tema de relevância nas ciências da saúde.Palavras-chave: Produção científica, Planejamento Familiar, Gênero.  ABSTRACT: The study of Family Planning, in the context of bioethics, opens to diverse perspectives, among them the appreciation of their different agents. Situated in this context the article aims to identify the profile of gender in scientific literature on Family Planning in Brazil, between 2000 and 2014, as well as the area of training and specialization of the authors. Methodologies were used which allowed to map the State of the art of the subject studied, from a review of the literature. The results found identify that the scientific production on Family Planning in Brazil is formed with a outstandingly female profile (71,76%). Of the 73 articles examined, 42 (57.53%) the focus of the topic is directed to women as well as showing the health sciences area with highest concentration of publications. This aspect of the research opens to a complex reality where we seek critically the reasons for Research in Family Planning have emphasis on woman and be a topic of relevance in health sciences.Keywords: Scientific Production, Family Planning, Gender.

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA MELALUI PENGGUNAAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN BAGI SISWA KELAS IV DI SDN 187/IV KOTA JAMBI

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Juniar Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Report ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Classroom Action Research

This study presents a research report on improving students’ Learning results on IPA through Video. The objective was to find out whether students’ learning result improved when they are taught by using Video. It was conducted using classroom action research method. The subject of the study was the Grade IV students of SDN 187/IV Kota Jambi which is located on Jln. Adi Sucipto RT 05 Kecamatan Jambi Selatan, and the number of the students were 21 persons. The instruments used were test. In analyzing the data, the mean of the students’ score for the on fisrt sycle was 65,4 (42,85%) and the mean on cycle two was 68,5 (37,15%) and the mean of the third cycle was 81,4 (100%). Then it can be concluded that the use of video on learning IPA can improve the students’ learning result. It is suggested that teachers should use video as one of the media to improve students’ learning result on IPA.Keywords : IPA, students’ learning result, video

PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MATA KULIAH PENGETAHUAN ALAT PENGOLAHAN DAN PENYAJIAN MAKANAN PROGRAM STUDI TATA BOGA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Aruan ◽  
Abdul Hamid K ◽  
Samsidar Tanjung
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Learning Design ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Processing Program ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Program Knowledge

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengembangkan multimedia pembelajaran pada mata kuliah Pengetahuan Alat Pengolahan dan Penyajian Makanan yang layak digunakan pada mahasiswa program studi Tata Boga. (2) mengetahui efektifitas multimedia pembelajaran pada mata kuliah Pengetahuan Alat Pengolahan dan Penyajian Makanan program studi Tata Boga. Penelitian menggunakan model pengembangan produk Borg and Gall yang dipadu dengan model desain pembelajaran dari Dick and Carey. Metode penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahapan, yang mana pada tahap I merupakan tahap uji coba produk yang terdiri dari: (1) validasi ahli desain pembelajaran, (2) validasi ahli materi pelajaran, (3) validasi ahli media pembelajaran, (4) uji coba perorangan, (5) uji coba kelompok kecil, dan (6) uji coba lapangan terbatas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) uji ahli desain pembelajaran berada pada kualifikasi sangat baik (82,17%), (2) uji ahli materi berada pada kualifikasi sangat baik (89,5%), (3) uji ahli media berada pada kualifikasi sangat baik (85%), (4) uji coba perorangan berada pada kualifikasi sangat baik (87%),  (5) uji coba kelompok kecil berada pada kualifikasi sangat baik (86%), dan (6) uji coba lapangan terbatas berada pada kualifikasi sangat baik (83,8%). Kata Kunci: multimedia, pembelajaran, pengetahuan alat pengolahan dan penyajian makanan Abstract: This study aims to: (1) develop learning multimedia in the subject of Knowledge Processing and Presentation Tools that are suitable for use in culinary study program students. (2) knowing the effectiveness of learning multimedia in the subject of Food Processing and Food Processing Program Knowledge and Processing Tools. The study used the Borg and Gall product development model combined with learning design models from Dick and Carey. This research method consists of two stages, which in stage I is the product testing phase which consists of: (1) validation of learning design experts, (2) expert material validation, (3) validation of learning media experts, (4) test try individuals, (5) small group trials, and (6) limited field trials. The results showed: (1) the learning design expert test was in very good qualification (82.17%), (2) the material expert test was in very good qualification (89.5%), (3) the media expert test was in the qualification very good (85%), (4) individual trials are in very good qualifications (87%), (5) small group trials are in very good qualifications (86%), and (6) limited field trials are at very good qualification (83.8%). Keywords: multimedia, learning, knowledge of processing and serving food

Menelusuri Bentang Alam Dalam Karya Sastra Yang Bertema Lingkungan Alam

Jurnal KATA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Nanny Sri Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Space Communications ◽  
Story Structure ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Media Space ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject

<p>Sebuah peristiwa, dalam kehidupan manusia, dapat menjadi inspirasi bagi penulisan sebuah cerita. Pengarang, sebagai bagian dari masyarakatnya, mengangkat relung-relung kehidupan manusia, ke dalam sebuah cerita. Namun harus dipahami, bahwa pengalaman pengarang dalam kehidupannya sehari-hari, juga mempengaruhi subjek yang ditulisnya. Saat ini tidak dapat dipungkiri lagi, bahwa teknologi komunikasi yang sangat canggih, telah mempengaruhi perkembangan karya sastra. Media penulisan karya sastra, tidak lagi melalui media cetak seperti kertas tetapi sudah melalui peralatan modern yang sesuai jamannya. Namun demikian ragam karya sastra prosa, seperti cerita pendek, justru mampu mengisi ruang media kommunikasi tersebut. Dua orang pengarang, yang menulis cerita pendek di media masa, berusaha mengangkat isu tentang lingkungan. Isu yang diangkat, lebih menekankan kepada masalah lingkungan alam dengan mengangkat isu tentang pohon sebagai bagian dari kehidupan manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini, untuk menelusuri struktur cerita pendek yang mengangkat isu lingkungan dalam jalinan ceritanya. Untuk memenuhi tujuan penelitian, langkah awal dari penelitian ini, adalah melakukan pendekatan struktur cerita, yang kemudian dikaitkan dengan pencarian makna cerita tersebut. Sering sekali di balik sebuah cerita ada pesan yang ingin disampaikan kepada masyarakat pembacanya. Bentuk pesan tersebut tersirat, dalam jalinan struktur cerita pendek tersebut. Pesan yang disampaikan, dalam kedua cerita pendek tersebut,  adalah pesan tentang lingkungan alam, yang  saat ini tidak pernah diperhatikan oleh masyarakat. Dengan alasan, kebutuhan ekonomi yang sangat dominan.</p><p><em>An event, in human life, can be an inspiration for writing a story. The author, as a part of his society, lifts the niches of human life, into a story. But it must be understood, that the author's experience in everyday life, also affects the subject he wrote.</em><em> </em><em>Today it is undeniable, that highly sophisticated communication technology, has influenced the development of literary works. Media writing literature, no longer through print media such as paper but have been through modern equipment that fit his era.</em><em> </em><em>However, the variety of prose literary works, such as short stories, is able to fill the media space communications. Two authors, who write short stories in the mass media, try to raise issues about the environment. Issues raised, more emphasis on the issue of the natural environment by raising the issue, about the tree as part of human life. The purpose of this research, is to trace the structure of short stories, which raised environmental issues in the composition of the story. To fulfill the purpose of research, the first step of this research, is to approach the structure of the story, which is then linked with the search for the meaning of the story. Very often, behind a story, there is a message to be conveyed to the readers. The form of the message is implied, in the composition of the short story structure. The message conveyed, in both short stories, is a message about the natural environment, which today is never noticed by society. The message conveyed, in both short stories, is a message about the natural environment, which today is never noticed by society.</em></p>

Racism and silencing in the media in Aotearoa New Zealand

2021 ◽  
pp. 117718012110154
Author(s):  
Liana MacDonald ◽  
Adreanne Ormond
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Racial Discourse ◽  
European Descent ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Zealanders

Racism in the Aotearoa New Zealand media is the subject of scholarly debate that examines how Māori (Indigenous Peoples of New Zealand) are broadcast in a negative and demeaning light. Literature demonstrates evolving understandings of how the industry places Pākehā (New Zealanders primarily of European descent) interests at the heart of broadcasting. We offer new insights by arguing that the media industry propagates a racial discourse of silencing that sustains widespread ignorance of the ways that Pākehā sensibilities mediate society. We draw attention to a silencing discourse through one televised story in 2018. On-screen interactions reproduce and safeguard a harmonious narrative of settler–Indigenous relations that support ignorance and denial of the structuring force of colonisation, and the Television Code of Broadcasting Practice upholds colour-blind perceptions of discrimination and injustice through liberal rhetoric. These processes ensure that the media industry is complicit in racism and the ongoing oppression of Indigenous peoples.

scholarly journals A narrative review of the ethnomedicinal usage of Cannabis sativa Linnaeus as traditional phytomedicine by folk medicine practitioners of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahriar S. M. Shakil ◽  
Matt Gowan ◽  
Kerry Hughes ◽  
Md. Nur Kabidul Azam ◽  
Md. Nasir Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Bile Secretion ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Natural Medicine ◽  
Urinary Problems

Abstract Background There is a worldwide interest in the use of Cannabis sativa for biomedicine purposes. Cannabis has ethnomedicinal usage as a natural medicine in Bangladesh and cultivated during the British Empire period for revenues. Objective Folk medicine practitioners (FMPs) from different districts of Bangladesh have been using Cannabis sativa, but until now there have not been any compiled studies particularly regarding this practice. Hence, this review is an effort to retrieve the traditional usage of Cannabis sativa as a phytomedicine from published ethnomedicinal studies. Methods and materials Information was searched by using the search terms “ethnomedicinal Cannabis sativa and Bangladesh”; “Bangladesh cannabaceae and ethnomedicinal survey”; “ganja, bhang and folk medicine Bangladesh”; “tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinoid and therapeutic, clinical trial”; and “cannabis and pharmacological/biological” and retrieved from ethnobotanical articles available on PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. A search of the relevant scientific literature also was conducted to assess the efficacy of the ethnomedicinal usage of Cannabis sativa. Results While reviewing over 200 ethnomedicinal plants’ survey articles, we found that FMPs of Bangladesh from 12 different districts used Cannabis sativa to treat cited ailments like sleep-associated problems (n=5), neuropsychiatric and CNS problems (n=5), and infections and respiratory problems (n=5) followed by rheumatism, gastrointestinal, gynecological (n=4 each), cancer, sexual, and other ailments including hypertension, headache, itch, increases bile secretion, abortifacient, dandruff, fever, and urinary problems (n=1 each). There are a total of 15 formulations identified from the 11 out of 18 ethnomedicinal plant survey reports. The leaf was the main plant part used (53.8%), followed by root (23%), seed (7.7%) and flower, inflorescence, resin, and all parts 3.8% respectively. Conclusions Sales and cultivation of Cannabis are illegal at present in Bangladesh, but the use of Cannabis sativa as a natural phytomedicine has been practiced traditionally by folk medicine practitioners of Bangladesh for many years and validated through relevant pharmacological justification. Although Cannabis sativa possesses ethnomedicinal properties in the folk medicine of Bangladesh, it is, furthermore, needed to conduct biological research to consolidate pharmacological justification about the prospects and challenges of Cannabis and cannabinoids’ use in Bangladesh as safer biomedicine in the future.

scholarly journals Clinical Features and Maternal-fetal Results of Pregnant Women in COVID-19 Times

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (05) ◽  
pp. 384-394
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Nogueira Godoi ◽  
Gilcelia Correia Santos Bernardes ◽  
Leilismara Sousa Nogueira ◽  
Patrícia Nessralla Alpoim ◽  
Melina de Barros Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which usually leads to non-specific respiratory symptoms. Although pregnant women are considered at risk for respiratory infections by other viruses, such as SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), little is known about their vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, this study aims to identify and present the main studies on the topic, including the postpartum period. Methods In this narrative review, articles were searched in various databases, organizations, and health entities using keywords compatible with medical subject headings (MeSH), such as: COVID-19, pregnancy, vertical transmission, coronavirus 2019, and SARS-CoV-2. Results The review of the scientific literature on the subject revealed that pregnant women with COVID-19 did not present clinical manifestations significantly different from those of non-pregnant women; however, there are contraindicated therapies. Regarding fetuses, studies were identified that reported that infection by SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women can cause fetal distress, breathing difficulties and premature birth, but there is no substantial evidence of vertical transmission. Conclusion Due to the lack of adequate information and the limitations of the analyzed studies, it is necessary to provide detailed clinical data on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 and on the maternal-fetal repercussions caused by this infection. Thus, this review may contribute to expand the knowledge of professionals working in the area as well as to guide more advanced studies on the risk related to pregnant women and their newborns. Meanwhile, monitoring of confirmed or suspected pregnant women with COVID-19 is essential, including in the postpartum period.

Recent changes in hypoxia training at the Royal Air Force Centre of Aviation Medicine

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
A Wrigley
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Student Experience ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Royal Air Force ◽  
Aviation Medicine ◽  
Oxygen Breathing ◽  
Hypobaric Chamber ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New System

AbstractHypoxia training at the Royal Air Force Centre of Aviation Medicine (RAF CAM) has traditionally involved the use of a hypobaric chamber to induce hypoxia. While giving the student experience of both hypoxia and decompression, hypobaric chamber training is not without risks such as decompression sickness and barotrauma. This article describes the new system for hypoxia training known as Scenario-Based Hypoxia Training (SBHT), which involves the subject sitting in an aircraft simulator and wearing a mask linked by hose to a Reduced Oxygen Breathing Device (ROBD). The occupational requirements to be declared fit for this new training method are also discussed.

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