KEPRIYAYIAN DALAM KARYA SASTRA: Berkaca pada Para Priyayi, Karya Umar Kayam*

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Lee Yeon
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Modernization Process

Priyayi are the members of a social group, which had great influence in Javanese society and dominated it for a long time. Their importance derives from the leading role they played in the modernization process and the fact that they formed the intellectual class of society, which had progressed without loosing their Javenese cultural identity and origins. Although the status of priyayi lost its power and shine after independence of Indonesia(1945), the influece of priyayi-especially their moral and ethics view-can be felt in Indonesian society up to the present day. In connection to that, this research is an attempt to understand the priyayi through the literature.

Euratom and Brexit: Could the United Kingdom Maintain One Foot in the European Union? Current Scenarios and Future Prospects of British withdrawal from the EAEC

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-151
Author(s):  
Andrea Circolo ◽  
Ondrej Hamuľák
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Independent Solution ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Energy Community ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper focuses on the very topical issue of conclusion of the membership of the State, namely the United Kingdom, in European integration structures. The ques­tion of termination of membership in European Communities and European Union has not been tackled for a long time in the sources of European law. With the adop­tion of the Treaty of Lisbon (2009), the institute of 'unilateral' withdrawal was intro­duced. It´s worth to say that exit clause was intended as symbolic in its nature, in fact underlining the status of Member States as sovereign entities. That is why this institute is very general and the legal regulation of the exercise of withdrawal contains many gaps. One of them is a question of absolute or relative nature of exiting from integration structures. Today’s “exit clause” (Art. 50 of Treaty on European Union) regulates only the termination of membership in the European Union and is silent on the impact of such a step on membership in the European Atomic Energy Community. The presented paper offers an analysis of different variations of the interpretation and solution of the problem. It´s based on the independent solution thesis and therefore rejects an automa­tism approach. The paper and topic is important and original especially because in the multitude of scholarly writings devoted to Brexit questions, vast majority of them deals with institutional questions, the interpretation of Art. 50 of Treaty on European Union; the constitutional matters at national UK level; future relation between EU and UK and political bargaining behind such as all that. The question of impact on withdrawal on Euratom membership is somehow underrepresented. Present paper attempts to fill this gap and accelerate the scholarly debate on this matter globally, because all consequences of Brexit already have and will definitely give rise to more world-wide effects.

scholarly journals Sustainable exploitation of temperate fish stocks

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Sparholt ◽  
Robin M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Production Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time

The theory of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) underpins many fishery management regimes and is applied principally as a single species concept. Using a simple dynamic biomass production model we show that MSY can be identified from a long time series of multi-stock data at a regional scale in the presence of species interactions and environmental change. It suggests that MSY is robust and calculable in a multispecies environment, offering a realistic reference point for fishery management. Furthermore, the demonstration of the existence of MSY shows that it is more than a purely theoretical concept. There has been an improvement in the status of stocks in the Northeast Atlantic, but our analysis suggests further reductions in fishing effort would improve long-term yields.

scholarly journals The generality of post-antimicrobial treatment persistence of replicatively-attenuatedBorrelia burgdorferiin a mouse model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emir Hodzic ◽  
Denise M. Imai ◽  
Edlin Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Basic Feature ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Therapy Failure ◽  
Treatment Persistence ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time

ABSTRACTA basic feature of infection caused byBorrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme borreliosis, is that persistent infection is the rule, not the norm, in its many hosts. The ability to persist and evade host immune clearance poses a challenge to effective antimicrobial treatment. A link between therapy failure and the presence of persister cells has started to emerge. There is growing experimental evidence that viable, but non-cultivable spirochetes persist following treatment with several different antimicrobial agents, then resurge after 12 months. The current study utilized the mouse model to evaluate if persistence and resurgence occur following antimicrobial treatment in a disease-susceptible (C3H/HeN) and disease-resistant (C57BL/6) mouse strain infected withB. burgdorferistrains N40 and B31, to confirm the generality of these phenomena. The status of infection was evaluated at 12 and 18-months after treatment. The results demonstrated that persistent spirochetes remain viable for up to 18 months following treatment, but divide slowly, thereby being tolerant to the effects of antimicrobial agents, as well as being non-cultivable. The phenomenon of persistence and resurgence in disease-susceptible C3H mice is equally evident in disease-resistant B6 mice, and not unique to any particularB. burgdorferistrain. The results also demonstrate that following antimicrobial treatment, both strains ofB. burgdorferi, N40 and B31, lose one or more small plasmids, resulting in attenuation. The biological relevance of attenuatedB. burgdorferispirochetes is probably inconsequential. The study demonstrated that non-cultivable spirochetes can persist in a host following antimicrobial treatment for a long time but did not demonstrate their clinical relevance in a mouse model of chronic infection.

scholarly journals Micronuclei in blood lumphocytes of existing and former coal miners: evaluation of the effect of anthracosilicosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Vladimir G. Druzhinin ◽  
Svetlana V. Apalko ◽  
Elizaveta D. Baranova ◽  
Valentin P. Volobaev ◽  
Tatiana Yu. Drobchik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Dust ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Simultaneous Decrease ◽  
Genotoxic Risk ◽  
Cytogenetic Parameters

Background. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genotoxic risk in anthracosilicosis patients and in those with occupational exposure to coal dust. Materials and methods. We studied micronuclei (MN) and other cytogenetic lesions in blood lymphocytes in three groups of men comparable in age: 74 coal miners suffering from anthracosilicosis (AS), 41 healthy miners, and 70 control donors. Results. A significant increase in the frequency of MN was revealed with a simultaneous decrease in proliferative activity in samples of healthy and sick miners compared with the control. The level of MN in the lymphocytes of patients with AS significantly exceeded the corresponding indicator in the sample of healthy miners (1.22 0.05% versus 1.03 0.07%; p 0.01). The age of the subjects and the status of smoking did not have a significant effect on the frequency of cytogenetic parameters. Conclusion. AS in miners makes an additional contribution to the formation of DNA damage in lymphocytes. This contribution is probably due to oxidative stress accompanying inflammatory processes in pulmonary fibrosis. The results of the study also indicate the absence of differences in the frequency of MN when comparing subgroups of current and former miners. This means that the genotoxic effects in the lymphocytes of miners are able to persist for a long time after the termination of exposure by adverse factors in coal mining.

scholarly journals Improved Model of Scheduling Algorithm

2018 ◽  
pp. 104-106
Author(s):  
Artur Vardanyan
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cluster Computing ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Cluster Management ◽  
Task Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
First In First Out

Cluster computing is becoming increasingly practical for high performance computing research and development. A computer cluster is a set of connected computers that work together so that, they can be viewed as a single system. Clusters offer a scalable means of linking computers together to provide an expansive environment for hosting enterprise applications. As the number of nodes in cluster configurations grows, the cluster administration becomes more challenging. We need to study the challenges of cluster management and to provide a solution. To have an effective cluster management we need to have an effective task scheduling algorithm. With the explosive growth of information, the demand on computing is sharply increasing. Due to a large number of computing tasks, the scheduling algorithm is an important part of cluster computing and has a great influence on the quality of claster service. In cluster computing, some large tasks may occupy too many resources and some small tasks may wait for a long time based on First-In-First-Out (FIFO) scheduling algorithm. This paper provides an overview of an improved scheduling algorithm that shortens the execution time of tasks and increases the resource utilization.

scholarly journals Public Consciousness of Kazakhstan in Ethical and Aesthetic Measurement

Adam alemi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (86) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
G. Solovieva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Social Consciousness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Status ◽  
Aesthetic Consciousness ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Ethical Component ◽  
The One

Ethical and aesthetic consciousness is considered in the article as a single phenomenon with a priority of the ethical component. The analysis is carried out in comparative studies of two methods: consideration of the topic in the mirror of modern literature of Kazakhstan as a form of public consciousness and study of the same problem in the mirror of sociological material. These approaches complement each other and make it possible to identify two levels of social consciousness in the ethical and aesthetic dimension: the existing and the due. Sociology enables analysis at the first level. Literature combines both the one and the other, emphasizing the level of due, transformation of reality and resolution of the indicated contradictions. As a result, it was found that the key construct of the ethical and aesthetic consciousness of Kazakhstanis is the idea of cohesion and unity of all ethnic groups with the leading role of the Kazakh people. This idea has the deepest moral meaning and at the same time has the status of beauty, i.e. character aesthetic. Discord is always ugly. Whereas, unity in its essence is beautiful, showing a combination of good and beauty.

scholarly journals The Cultural Populism of Iosif I. Kablits (Yuzov) and its Foundations

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-653
Author(s):  
Gennadiy N. Mokshin
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Masses

This article reconstructs the cultural doctrine of the famous publicist of populism (narodnichestvo), I.I. Kablits (Yuzov). To just equate Kablits views with the slogan of yuzovshchina would be a narrow interpretation of his kul'turnichestvo; the slogan is characteristic for extreme right-wing populism during the upsurge of the revolutionary populist movement (narodovol'cheskoe dvizhenie). In 1880, Kablits was the first of the legal populists to pose the question, What is populism? According to the publicist, true narodnichestvo should be based on the principle that the forms of public life of the people must be in conformity with the development level of their consciousness. The author explains Kablits evolution from Bakunism to a peasant-centered narodnichestvo by his interpretation of the reasons for the split between the intelligentsia and the people. Kablits considered them antagonists, and defined the ultimate goal of the narodniki as the liberation of the people from the power of the intellectualbureaucratic minority, the latter supposedly trying to subjugate the life of the masses to its will. The article analyzes the main provisions of Kablits sociocultural concept of social transformations: apolitism, populism, and the initiative of the masses. The article identifies the differences between his program of developing the cultural identity of the people, on the one hand, and other populists' understanding of the tasks of cultural work, on the other. Particular attention is paid to Kablits-Yuzov's attitude towards the problem of educating the masses. Kablits was one of the few Russian populists who opposed the idea that the foundations of the worldview of the people must be changed, arguing that this would eliminate the traditional moral values of the village, including the sense of collectivism. The author assesses how Kablits, the leading publicist of the newspaper Nedelya, contributed to the establishment of a cultural direction in narodnichestvo at the turn of the 1870s and 1880s. According to the author, Kablits played a leading role in shaping the ideology of the right flank of the cultural direction in narodnichestvo. However, the pure populism of Kablits turned out to be too pseudo-scientific, dogmatic and irrational to attract the democratic intelligentsia for a long time; the latter had already become disillusioned with the idea of the people as the creator of new forms of social life.

scholarly journals Morphology and distribution of the freshwater mussel Diplodon granosus, a rare and poorly understood species

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Christo MIYAHIRA ◽  
Maria Cristina Dreher MANSUR ◽  
Daniel Mansur PIMPÃO ◽  
Sheyla Regina Marques COUCEIRO ◽  
Sonia Barbosa dos SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Freshwater Mussels ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Coastal Rivers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time

ABSTRACT Diplodon granosus was one of the first freshwater mussels to be described for South America. However, the status of the species was confusing for a long time, receiving different taxonomic treatments. In this paper, we redescribe the shell, with new data on the soft parts and information on the distribution and conservation of D. granosus, a rarely recorded species. The shell is thin, not inflated; the macrosculpture is composed only by granules that cover the whole shell, not forming bars; the microsculpture comprises short spikes. In the soft parts we highlight the few, weak and irregularly distributed lamellar connections of the outer demibranch and some features of the stomach, such as the distally enlarged minor typhlosole. There are records of D. granosus over a large area of South America, from Guiana to Argentina. However, most of these records are related to other species and the distribution of D. granosus is restricted to the north of South America in the basins of the Amazonas and Orinoco rivers, and coastal rivers in between. Despite this wide distribution, the species occurs in specific habitats, mainly streams (igarapés), resulting in an extremely fragmented occurrence. Thus, any disturbance to these habitats can threat this freshwater mussel.

scholarly journals Effect of the scientific and educational space transformation on the system of interacting research libraries in the region

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 4223-4234
Author(s):  
N. I. Podkorytova ◽  
I. G. Lakizo ◽  
E. B. Artemyeva
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Space Transformation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scientific Libraries

Novosibirsk Region plays the leading role in the structure of the scientific-educational complex of the Siberian Federal District. There are higher educational institutions, hat provide professional training, re-training and advanced training of specialists, as well as scientific-research institutions of the Novosibirsk scientific center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian academy of sciences and institutions of other departments. The scientific and educational space of the region is in constant dynamics. The article objective is to characterize factors effecting the scientific and educational complex development in the region including scientific libraries as a part of its structure, and determine the trends of their further development. The dialectic approach, permitting to view library-information and educational spheres of the large scientific library activity in their unity and inter-conditionality, is the common methodological basis for the research undertaken. The authors identify features of the modern scientific and educational space in Novosibirsk region, its characteristics effect on scientific libraries development, and a number of trends of changing research and student contingents affecting the library and information services of these reading cohorts based on the analysis results of statistical data of regional and federal significance and publications. The integration process of leading universities and research institutions in the region contributes to the development of corporate relations of libraries with different statuses to converge the information support of industrial and disciplinary discourse in the educational and research environment. The authors highlight some trends that promote the changing role of libraries in the scientific and educational space: the mediation function priority between the ever-expanding information space and the society needs, deepening the differentiation of library technologies depending on the status and objectives of scientific libraries; they suggest measures to strengthen regional interlibrary cooperation.

scholarly journals Saudi Arabia’s G20 Presidency in 2020

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-662
Author(s):  
Lari Lidzhievich Basangov ◽  
Alexander Alexandrovich Ignatov
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
National Development ◽  
International Standards ◽  
International Taxation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Arab State ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Growth Energy

The G20 is an informal institute of global governance and one of the most prominent international forums for both - key developed and developing economies. The G20’s agenda embraces various issues including international taxation, digital growth, macroeconomic stability, labor market development, fight against crime and corruption, implementation of effective and eco-neutral energy technologies, etc. The G20’s decisions, even lacking legal force, tend to transform into international standards and joint initiatives. Due to the absence of a permanent secretariat, a host country exercises great influence on formulation of the G20’s working agenda. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a key actor in the Middle East and the only Arab state with G20 membership. In 2020, Saudi Arabia will take the G20 presidency for the first time ever and thus take the leading role in shaping its agenda. In this context, several issues regarding Saudi Arabia’s policy towards implementation of its national development agenda, promotion of previous presidencies’ decisions and its influence over further development of the G20’s agenda are of particular interest. The authors analyze Saudi Arabia’s current status and national priorities and recent developments of G20’s agenda to forecast the results of the forthcoming presidency. The authors point out that discussion on digital growth, energy efficiency, climate change mitigation and macroeconomic policy would very likely result in concrete decisions. Modest success is expected in making decisions on gender-related agenda. The core items of G20’s agenda such as reform of international financial institutions and fight against protectionism in global trade are less likely to attract much attention and lead to concrete decisions.

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