scholarly journals An inductive classification of types of social innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Slee
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Scottish Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Policy Failures

Though widely regarded as ill-defined and lacking conceptual clarity, social innovation has been heralded as a desirable response to social economic and environmental challenges arising from market and policy failures. Based on a definition of social innovation as involving the reconfiguration of social practices through civil society engagement, this paper offers an inductive classification of the diverse types of social innovation found in Scotland, based primarily on rural examples. It is argued that not only does social innovation occur in a diverse range of fields and in many different forms, but also that the Scottish Government policy has explicitly connected to social innovation as a means of delivering a communitarian policy agenda. However, without affirmative action, the community empowerment agenda is likely to widen the gap between communities with strong social capital and those with weaker social capital, thus undermining another strong strand of Scottish policy which supports greater equality and social inclusion.

scholarly journals INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL OF THE ENTERPRISE, ITS ESSENCE AND STRUCTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1(66)) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Y.A. NAZARENKO
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of

Topicality. The transition of developed countries to postindustrial society caused increased attention to the research of intellectual capital of enterprises. Purpose and tasks. The purpose of the article is to systematize approaches to the definition of "intellectual capital" and its structure. Results. The systematization of different approaches to the definition of intellectual capital, which was carried out by I. Proskvirina, showed a lack of a common point of view on this phenomenon. This is due to the interdisciplinary nature of the study of intellectual capital. R. Gavrilova divided the existing definitions of �intellectual capital� into three groups, respectively, from the point of view of management, accounting, and human capital. Existing views on the structure of intellectual capital are based on the classification of its element, proposed by T. Stewart - human, organizational and client capital. Considered ideas about the structure of intellectual capital are very similar and include human capital, organizational and client capital. some representations also include emotional capital, process capital, intellectual property, market assets, etc. All types of capital that are part of the structure of intellectual capital, with the exception of human capital, have not received wide recognition and have not been studied by a wide range of scientists. This does not allow to establish conformity with the existing generally accepted views on types of capital and does not allow the use of the results of numerous studies on these types of capital (social capital, intangible assets). In this regard, the author's vision is the structure of intellectual capital, consisting of human capital, intangible assets and social capital. This made it possible to propose a new definition of �intellectual capital�. Conclusions. The proposed definition of �intellectual capital�, its structure and its components allows it to be considered not only in relation to enterprises, but also at the regional and national levels. This opens up new opportunities for assessing intellectual capital, using existing methods for evaluating human capital, intangible assets and social capital.

scholarly journals DIGITAL SOCIAL INNOVATION AND LABOR MARKET TRANSFORMATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Gilberto Marzano
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

Social innovation can be considered as a process generated by the application of innovation to social needs. Consequently, digital social innovation (DSI) addresses emerging social issues and challenges by taking advantage of digital technology.Currently, most DSI projects make use of more established - and less ‘high-tech’ - solutions, such as social networks, crowdsourcing, and web or mobile apps.Indeed, there is a large pool of people with great ideas, but without the digital skills to bring their ideas to life. A great effort is needed to enable people to access digital skills.This paper highlights how DSI education can contribute, in a period of transformation of the labor market, to enhancing solutions in several strategic sectors, such as healthcare, education, public participation, and the environment.It presents the results of the EU funded project DSI: new educational competences for social inclusion (2018-2020) whose aim is the definition of a basic portfolio of competences for social educators and social volunteers in DSI at a European level. 

scholarly journals Theoretical aspects of social capital formation in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
Tetiana Ruda ◽  
Olga Nagorichna
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
State Level ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
The State ◽  
Structural Content ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Capital Development

Purpose. The aim of the article is to research features of domestic approaches to interpretation of essence, structural filling and specifics of formation of social capital in Ukraine. Methodology of research. The following methods are used to achieve this goal: induction and deduction, theoretical generalization, abstraction, dialectical cognition – in the study of scientific sources and research of theoretical aspects of social capital formation in Ukraine, including the interpretation of the definition of “social capital” by domestic scientists and identification of social capital; graphic – to visualize the components of social capital; abstract and logical – to generalize theoretical positions, to form conclusions and proposals on the research topic. Findings. The analysis of the main approaches to the interpretation of the category “social capital” is accumulated and carried out. Common and different features between the proposed interpretations are identified. The peculiarities of social capital as an economic category are studied and its role in the development of the state is noted. The main approaches to the classification of this concept are identified. The structural content of social capital is revealed. The necessity of research of the branch level of social capital is actualized and the specifics of its development under modern conditions in Ukraine are outlined. The main directions of social capital formation in Ukraine are determined. Originality. The study of theoretical aspects of social capital formation has been further developed, in particular, approaches to defining the essence of the category of “social capital” are generalized and the main directions of its formation at the state level are outlined. Practical value. The main provisions of this study can be used in the process of developing proposals for the formation of a model of social capital development in Ukraine. Key words: social capital, branch social capital, social relations, trust, positive social capital, negative social capital, society, structure of social capital.

scholarly journals Perpustakaan Umum Berbasis Inklusi Sosial: Apa dan Bagaimana Penerapannya? (Sebuah Kajian Literatur)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Reza Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

If we look at the definition of a public library itself, namely a library that is used as a means of lifelong learning regardless of gender, physical condition, race, ethnicity, religion, social and economic status. That means the concept of social inclusion is very suitable to be implemented in the library. The latest public library paradigm is as a vehicle for people to develop their potential so that it leads to an increase in living standards. Regarding the concept of social inclusion, of course, it has a relationship with public libraries because they both talk about equality. Social inclusion means efforts to make society open to one another, especially to vulnerable or potentially marginalized communities, one of which is through community empowerment activities. This research is a qualitative study using the literature study method, namely collecting and analyzing the literature as a data source. To check the validity of the data, data source triangulation was carried out by looking for other data to strengthen the previous data. In this study, it was found that a public library based on social inclusion means a public library that always guarantees its facilities and services in order to encourage people to be open to one another. Several things that need to be considered in building a public library based on social inclusion, namely (1) the existence of community empowerment activities, and (2) the right to get library services, and (3) the accessibility of library information. Therefore it can be concluded that public libraries are closely related to the concept of social inclusion so that they can apply the concept. Of course, this can be seen from the public library itself which has the character of protecting all levels of society without a reed perspective.

Development and Evaluation of Fuzzy Criteria for the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-P. Adlassnig ◽  
G. Kolarz ◽  
H. Leitich
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
American Rheumatism Association ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Sensitivity Rate ◽  
Fuzzy Techniques ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Specificity Rate

Abstract:In 1987, the American Rheumatism Association issued a set of criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to provide a uniform definition of RA patients. Fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic were used to transform this set of criteria into a diagnostic tool that offers diagnoses at different levels of confidence: a definite level, which was consistent with the original criteria definition, as well as several possible and superdefinite levels. Two fuzzy models and a reference model which provided results at a definite level only were applied to 292 clinical cases from a hospital for rheumatic diseases. At the definite level, all models yielded a sensitivity rate of 72.6% and a specificity rate of 87.0%. Sensitivity and specificity rates at the possible levels ranged from 73.3% to 85.6% and from 83.6% to 87.0%. At the superdefinite levels, sensitivity rates ranged from 39.0% to 63.7% and specificity rates from 90.4% to 95.2%. Fuzzy techniques were helpful to add flexibility to preexisting diagnostic criteria in order to obtain diagnoses at the desired level of confidence.

ABOUT THE PROBLEM OF CLASSIFICATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF INFORMATICS STUDIED AT SECONDARY SCHOOL

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
S. I. Zenko
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Definition Of

The article raises the problem of classification of the concepts of computer science and informatics studied at secondary school. The efficiency of creation of techniques of training of pupils in these concepts depends on its solution. The author proposes to consider classifications of the concepts of school informatics from four positions: on the cross-subject basis, the content lines of the educational subject "Informatics", the logical and structural interrelations and interactions of the studied concepts, the etymology of foreign-language and translated words in the definition of the concepts of informatics. As a result of the first classification general and special concepts are allocated; the second classification — inter-content and intra-content concepts; the third classification — stable (steady), expanding, key and auxiliary concepts; the fourth classification — concepts-nouns, conceptsverbs, concepts-adjectives and concepts — combinations of parts of speech.

Are Ethnic Entrepreneurs Social Innovators? Turkish Migrant Entrepreneurs in Salzburg

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
Heiko Berner
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
Ethnic Business ◽  
Turkish Migrants ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ethnic Businesses

Social innovations are targeted measures that are capable to resolve social problems (Rammert 2010) and they are directed towards an improvement of the situation (Gillwald 2000). Finally, they are directed towards an amelioration of the situation (Gillwald 2000). In Austria it is argued that ethnic business represents a type of social innovation (Haberfellner 2000). The question the paper addresses is if and to what extent ethnic business goes hand in hand with social developments and possibly boosts social change. Entrepreneurs of Turkish origin in Salzburg are the focus of analysis. The paper starts with a definition of the term ‚social innovation‘ (1), the issues of ethnic vs. migrant business (2.), followed by the description of the labour market situation of Turkish migrants in Salzburg and discrimination in the labour market (3.), and, to to round up, the analysis of biographic interviews with Turkish entrepreneurs in Salzburg (4.). The preliminary results show that there exist social problems such as the lower socio-economic situation of Turkish migrants in Salzburg and discrimination in the labour market. These problems can be seen as basis for the need of social innovations. But nevertheless Turkish run ethnic businesses in a strict sense of the word are no social innovation because they do not act against the problems in an intended way; they rather work on their own account. They may overcome disadvantages on the labour market but their actions are not directed towards overcoming the problem per se. It is much rather a transintentional aspect (Schimank 2010), which goes beyond the economic interest of the actors.

Determining the discount rate when evaluating trade organizations: Some features

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
E.A. Grigor'eva ◽  
A.S. Buzhikeeva
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Subject. This article deals with the issues of determining the market value of the trading business, taking into account a number of characteristics. Objectives. The article aims to develop certain provisions of the methodology and practice of evaluating the business of trading organizations, namely, taking into account the additional risk of inventory feasibility when calculating the discount rate. Methods. For the study, we used a systems approach, and the cognition, and economic and analytical research methods. Results. The article presents a three-tiered classification of stocks and a definition of risk based on the criteria for dividing stocks by purpose, degree of implementation, and shelf life in accordance with the scale. Based on the classification, the article offers certain recommendations for determining the discount rate when evaluating trading organizations, aimed at taking into account additional risk. Conclusions. Various evaluation procedures within the framework of traditional approaches and methods in relation to trading organizations do not take into account risk specific to this type of economic activity. The proposed methodology for calculating the discount rate for trade organizations takes into account the features of their functioning.

State Failure and the Political Violence Phenomenon: A Comparative Analysis of Iraq and Syria Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Eylem Özkaya Lassalle
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
State Failure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War

The concept of failed state came to the fore with the end of the Cold War, the collapse of the USSR and the disintegration of Yugoslavia. Political violence is central in these discussions on the definition of the concept or the determination of its dimensions (indicators). Specifically, the level of political violence, the type of political violence and intensity of political violence has been broached in the literature. An effective classification of political violence can lead us to a better understanding of state failure phenomenon. By using Tilly’s classification of collective violence which is based on extent of coordination among violent actors and salience of short-run damage, the role played by political violence in state failure can be understood clearly. In order to do this, two recent cases, Iraq and Syria will be examined.

ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PHEROMONES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Nondira Khondhodjayeva ◽  
◽  
Nurmamat Rajabov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Significance ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Definition Of

This article reveals the essence of the concept of "pheromones" and their biological significance. In the article variants of their application in agriculture for struggle against insects-pests are presented. The definition of term and classification of pheromones and their types are given: feromons of insects, feromons of fish, feromons of vertebrates, feromons of humans, fermons of plants, sexual feromons, anxiety feromons, trace feromons, epidemic feromons and their functions and significance for the representative's organism and the environment as a whole

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document