scholarly journals Sraffa and his Theoretical Revolution

2018 ◽  
pp. 367-421
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Joint Production ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract.-This article attempts to demonstrate that the work of Piero Sraffa –especially Production of commodities by means of commodities-is the greatest revolution in economic analysis. The novelties introduced by the Italian economist, against all classical and marginalist traditions, such as considering the surplus of reproducible goods as the object of the economy, the intersectoral relations between goods and services on the one hand and processes on the other, the prices formed as a margin on costs, reduction of capital to dated work, the selection of techniques and the considerations about of the joint production support the above statements. To this we can add other more questionable or more or less significant as the standard system, its theory of fixed capital, the considerations on land and mines, the differentiation between basic and non-basic goods. Some of these analyzes have precedents or are contemporaries (physiocracy, Ricardo, Leontief), but the whole of them supposes this revolution made in the economic analysis and supposes for this the ideal model to be candidate to base any economic analysis worthy of such name. Keywords: Sraffa, economic analysis, theoritical revolution Resumen.-En este artículo se intenta demostrar que la obra de Piero Sraffa –en especial Producción de mercancías por medio de mercancías- supone la mayor revolución del análisis económico. Las novedades introducidas por el economista italiano contra toda tradición clásica y marginalista tales como considerar el excedente de los bienes reproducibles como objeto de la economía, las relaciones intersectoriales entre bienes y servicios por un lado y procesos por otro, los precios formados como un margen sobre los costes, la reducción del capital a trabajo fechado, la elección de las técnicas y las consideraciones sobre la producción conjunta avalan las afirmaciones anteriores. A ello le añadimos otras más discutibles o más o menos significativas como el sistema patrón, su teoría del capital fijo, las consideraciones sobre la tierra y las minas, la diferenciación entre bienes básicos y no básicos. Algunos de estos análisis tienen precedentes o son coetáneos (fisiocracia, Ricardo, Leontief), pero el conjunto de ellos supone esa revolución que hace del análisis económico de Sraffa como el modelo idóneo para ser candidato a fundamentar cualquier análisis económico digno de tal nombre. Palabras clave: Sraffa, análisis económico, revolución teórica

scholarly journals A Educação de Jovens e Adultos para adolescentes em conflito com a lei: a educação escolar na socioeducação

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Maria Nilvane Fernandes ◽  
Nayara de Souza Costa ◽  
Janiely Correia
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
School Education ◽  
Law School ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Systematic Education ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

O escopo do presente estudo é identificar as articulações realizadas no campo da socioeducação para a efetivação da educação escolar, especialmente, no que se refere ao tipo de modalidade de ensino adotada pelas instituições que executam as medidas socioeducativas. As discussões aqui propostas são geradas a partir da busca do entendimento de três fios articuladores: a Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), a socioeducação e a interseção entre estes dois. Para tanto, abordaremos a educação na socioeducação, a escolarização dos adolescentes privados de liberdade ao nível de Brasil e, principalmente, em nível estadual, com enfoque no Amazonas, e a escolha da EJA nesses contextos. Ademais, ao longo da discussão observaremos a incompatibilidade entre as idades de atendimento no sistema socioeducativo e na EJA e, ainda, a inexistência de critérios de avaliação no processo de seleção de profissionais, que levem em consideração o perfil, a formação e qualificação específicos para atuarem diante das particularidades desse público e do espaço em questão. Afinal, a educação sistemática e assistemática, formal ou não formal, se constitui como fator preponderante no processo de socioeducação.Palavras-chave: Sistema socioeducativo; Educação escolar; Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA).Youth and Adult Education for adolescents in conflict with the law: school education in socioeducationABSTRACTThe scope of this study is to identify the articulations made in the field of socioeducation for the implementation of school education, especially regarding the type of education modality adopted by the institutions that carry out the socioeducational measures. The discussions proposed here are generated from the search for the understanding of three connecting threads: Youth and Adult Education (YAE), socioeducation, and the intersection between these two. To do so, we will address education in socioeducation, the schooling of adolescents deprived of their freedom in Brazil, and especially in the state of Amazonas, and the choice of Youth and Adult Education (EJA) in these contexts. Moreover, throughout the discussion, we will observe the incompatibility between the ages of attendance in the socioeducational system and in the EJA, also, the inexistence of evaluation criteria in the process of selection of professionals, that take into consideration the profile, the specific training and qualification to act before the particularities of this public, and of the space in question. After all, systematic and non-systematic education, formal or non-formal, constitutes a preponderant factor in the process of socio-education.Keywords: Socio-Educational system; School education; Youth and Adult Education (YAE).Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos para adolescentes en conflicto con la ley: la educación escolar en la socioeducaciónRESUMENEl objetivo de este estudio es identificar las articulaciones realizadas en el ámbito de la socioeducación para la eficacia de la educación escolar, especialmente en lo que respecta al tipo de modalidad educativa adoptada por las instituciones que llevan a cabo las medidas socioeducativas. Las discusiones aquí propuestas se generan a partir de la búsqueda de la comprensión de tres hilos conductores: la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EPJA), la socioeducación y la intersección entre ambas. Para ello, se abordará la educación en la socioeducación, la escolarización de los adolescentes privados de libertad en Brasil, y especialmente a nivel estatal con un enfoque en Amazonas, y la elección de la EJA) en estos contextos. Además, a lo largo de la discusión, observaremos la incompatibilidad entre las edades de atención en el sistema socioeducativo y en la EJA y también la ausencia de criterios de evaluación en el proceso de selección de profesionales, que tengan en cuenta el perfil, la formación específica y la cualificación para actuar ante las particularidades de este público, y el espacio en cuestión. Al fin y al cabo, la educación sistemática y no sistemática, formal o no formal, se constituye como un factor preponderante en el proceso de socioeducación.  Palabras clave: Sistema socioeducativo; Educación escolar. Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EPJA).

scholarly journals La experiencia boliviana y la organización comunitaria cooperativa en el marco de la economía plural

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Loza
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Solidarity Economy ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Peasant Community ◽  
The One ◽  
Cooperative Organization ◽  
Made In

<p>El autor sostiene que, a diferencia de lo que postula el Modelo de Economía Plural, el proceso de avance en la realidad boliviana es desigual, dado que, por una parte, se ha centrado en la nacionalización y en las empresas públicas, y, por otra, se asienta en la forma de organización cooperativa en el sector minero y en el sector informal de la economía, relegando la economía solidaria, en un contexto con alta desprotección social, informal y capitalista. No se observan avances en un socialismo comunitario, puesto que el peso y la importancia de la comunidad campesina se ha mantenido relativamente igual con relación a los gobiernos anteriores, salvo la economía campesina de la coca, basada en pequeños propietarios y escasa tradición comunitaria.</p><p>Palabras clave: Economía Social Solidaria, Economía Plural, Nacionalismo, Empresas Públicas</p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em>The Bolivian experience and the community and cooperative organization within the framework of the plural economy</em></p><p><em>The author argues that, unlike what postulated Model Plural Economy, the process advance in the Bolivian reality is uneven, since on the one hand, has focused on nationalization and public enterprises, and, on another, sits in the form of cooperative organization in the mining sector and the informal sector of the economy, relegating the solidarity economy, in a context with high social, informal and capitalist vulnerability. No progress has been made in a community socialism, since the weight and importance of the peasant community has remained relatively unchanged compared to previous governments, except the peasant coca economy based on small landowners and little community tradition.<br /></em></p><p><em>Keywords: Social Solidarity Economy, Plural Economy, Nationalization and Public Companies</em></p>

scholarly journals Sports Training – Optimizing Mode of Improving the Motric Capacity in Preparation Military Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Robert Stănciulescu
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Military Students ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Training ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Specialized studies show how a fighter should physically be, not just any fighter, but the one who possesses the qualities and features of the ideal model, i.e. those elements that define the near-perfect fighter. The demands of the modern battlefield impose a high quality human potential that provides a good basis for the selection and training of fighters. Resistance to physical, climate, season and weather condition demands, to the prolonged efforts fighting requires is one of the important conditions of success. The paper presents information with particular impact in optimizing exercise capacity for future officers of the land forces, emphasizing once again the idea that a high level of motric ability is an essential objective.

scholarly journals Rival perspectives in health technology assessment and other economic evaluations for investing in global and national health. Who decides? Who pays?

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Culyer ◽  
Kalipso Chalkidou ◽  
Yot Teerawattananon ◽  
Benjarin Santatiwongchai
Keyword(s):  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Societal Perspective ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Explicit Statement ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

There seems to be a general agreement amongst practitioners of economic evaluations, including Health Technology Assessment, that the explicit statement of a perspective is a necessary element in designing and reporting research. Moreover, there seems also to be a general presumption that the ideal perspective is “societal”. In this paper we endorse the first principle but dissent from the second. A review of recommended perspectives is presented. The societal perspective is frequently not the one recommended. The societal perspective is shown to be less comprehensive than is commonly supposed, is inappropriate in many contexts and, in any case, is in general not a perspective to be determined independently of the context of a decision problem. Moreover, the selection of a perspective, societal or otherwise, is not the prerogative of analysts.

scholarly journals Force in Nature, Freedom in History. Hegel and the neo-spinozistic project of a Natural Human History

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmundo Balsemao Pires
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human History ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Resumen: En esta contribución se explican las conexiones entre las líneas alemanas de la recepción de la Ethica y del Tractatus Teológico-Políticus y la formación de las Filosofías de la Historia de Herder, Schelling y Hegel. En este estudio, se indica a la Filosofía de la Unidad como una corriente principal, pero se articulan las líneas de la recepción de la Ethica con las dificultades procedentes de las explicaciones en el Tractatus de Spinoza para la multiplicidad de las tradiciones religiosas, como formas históricas divergentes de percibir el Uno. Las  de Hegel sobre Filosofía de la Religión fueran examinadas desde la perspectiva de su significado metódico general y también desde el punto de vista descriptivo. Aquí se encuentran las claves fundamentales para la comprensión de la perspectiva del filósofo con respecto al valor de Spinoza para el método especulativo y en la caracterización de las épocas en la Historia de las Religiones Bíblicas. La crítica de Hegel a la Filosofía de la Unidad personificada en la apropiación en Schelling del conatus de Spinoza fue retratada con el intento de localizar el núcleo de la idea de una homogénea Historia Natural y Humana. El texto aboga que en la crítica por Hegel del Espinosismo de Schelling se admitirán las líneas alemanas de recepción de Spinoza como las responsables de un concepto vago de lo Absoluto. Tal indeterminación explica la ausencia de claridad sobre la diferencia entre la Naturaleza y el Espíritu (Historia), en particular en el Absoluto de Schelling, y exige una configuración distinta de las «Filosofías Reales» en el sistema filosófico.   Palabras Clave: Filosofía de la Historia - Filosofía de la Naturaleza - Filosofía de la Religión - Conatus - Ímpetu - Diversidad Religiosa - Naturaleza - Espíritu - Spinoza; -Herder - Schelling - Hegel.Abstract: This contribution explains the connections between the German lines of the reception of the Ethica and the Tractatus Theologico-Politicus and the formation of Herder’s, Schelling’s and Hegel’s Philosophies of History. It refers to the Philosophy of Unity as a main current but articulates the lines of the reception of the Ethica with the difficulties raised by Spinoza’s explanations for the multiplicity of the religious traditions, as divergent historical ways to the One, in the Tractatus. Hegel’s Lectures on Philosophy of Religion were scrutinized from the angle of their general methodical significance and also from the descriptive point of view. Here, one finds critical keys for the understanding of the philosopher’s perspective regarding Spinoza’s meaning to the speculative method and for the characterisation of the epochs in the History of the Biblical Religions. Hegel’s critique of the Philosophy of Unity personified in Schelling’s appropriation of Spinoza’s conatus was envisaged in order to locate the pivotal point of the idea of an unbroken Natural and Human History. The paper argues that in Hegel’s critique of Schelling’s Spinozism the German lines of Spinoza’s reception were taken as responsible for a vague concept of the Absolute. Such vagueness explains the absence of clarity about the difference between Nature and Spirit (History), particularly in Schelling’s Absolute, and demands a different configuration of the «Real Philosophies» in the philosophical system.Key words: Philosophy of History - Philosophy of Nature - Philosophy of Religion - Conatus - Force - Religious Diversity - Nature - Spirit - Spinoza; Herder - Schelling - Hegel. 

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF IMAGE SIZE AND SAMPLE AREAS ON COMPARISON OF CONTACT LENS SURFACES BASED ON FRACTAL DIMENSION

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Božica Bojović
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Sample Area ◽  
Fractal Properties ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Methods used for calculation of fractal dimension demand large image resolution and adequate sample size, in terms of roughness threshold that defines spatial scope for rough surface fractal properties. Imaging device operators, on the one hand, recommend the image size and sample area based on experience and expertise, in order to minimize the imaging time. On the other hand, engineers make decisions based on their own requirements. To overcome these problems, in this paper we used ANOVA statistical approach (one-way and multi comparison) so as to establish significant image size and sample area. The conclusion made in this paper will enable decision guidelines on selection of parameters for new nanophotonic lenses imaging by scanning microscopes in near future.

scholarly journals METHODS OF SYNTHESIS OF TECHNICAL AND ORGANISATIONAL-TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS IN CONSTRUCTION/SYNTHESEMETHODEN DER TECHNISCHEN UND ORGANISATORISCH-TECHNOLOGISCHEN LÖSUNGEN IM BAUWESEN

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-289
Author(s):  
Edmundas K. Zavadskas ◽  
Leonas Ustinovičius
Keyword(s):  
Ideal Point ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Point Method ◽  
Selection Problems ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
A Priority ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

Quite frequently one has to solve variant synthesis multicriterial selection problems in construction. These problems consist of many technical-organisational solutions interacting with each other. The solution of each problem can be made of two or more alternatives. In each step k according to j, the effectiveness criterion is selected from variants i. Using the entropy method the weights of effectiveness indices in each step are calculated. By the criterion k(1) the effectiveness of variants in each step is determined. From the row of priorities obtained the first two variants are selected and they are repeatedly calculated by the same methods. The selection of variants (branches) synthesised is made by the criterion Ωs (2). A priority row of variants is determined according to the rule that the greater value of Ωsmeans the best variant (3). The second algorithm is used when there are more than two variants in the steps of problem. A joint matrix between separate steps of solutions is determined. Weights of criteria for each step are determined using the entropy method. It is necessary to regulate the values of importance according the number of variants. The weights obtained by the method of entropy are multiplied by the coefficient considering the number of alternatives analysed (4). The final valuation of branch is obtained according to the formula No 5. The best synthesis result is the one, having the largest Ωs value. The values of criteria effectiveness of each step of each net program branch are summed, when priorities are determined using the same coefficients of effectiveness. The weights are summed using formula 6. It is possible to calculate the priorities of alternatives using the ideal point method. The methods mentioned above were used to solve real life construction problems.

scholarly journals An asymmetric index to compare trapezoidal fuzzy numbers

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 765-778
Author(s):  
Julio Rojas-Mora ◽  
Jaime Gil-Lafuente
Keyword(s):  
Resource Selection ◽  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Fuzzy Subsets ◽  
The Ideal

In this paper, we present a tool to help reduce the uncertainty presented in the resource selection problem when information is subjective in nature. The candidates and the ?ideal? resource required by evaluators are modeled by fuzzy subsets whose elements are trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (TrFN). By modeling with TrFN the subjective variables used to determine the best among a set of resources, one should take into account in the decision-making process, not only their expected value, but also the uncertainty that they reflect. Respecting this condition, for each candidate an asymmetric index evaluates the distance between the TrFNs for each of the variables and the corresponding TrFNs of the ?ideal? candidate, consolidating them through a weighted average that lets the decision-maker make the final comparison between the candidates, and the selection of the one best suited. We apply this contribution to the case of the selection of the product that is best suited for a ?pilot test? to be carried out in some market segment.

scholarly journals El abandono de la gente de mar y el recurso al aseguramiento privado vía P&I: una visión desde España = The abandonment of seafarers and their protection through Private Insurance via P&I: a vision from Spain

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Olga Fotinopoulou Basurko
Keyword(s):  
Private Insurance ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Guarantee System ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Private Protection ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Maritime Labor ◽  
Made In

Resumen: El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar la vía empleada en España para incorporar, al menos y de manera informal, las enmiendas hechas en el año 2014 al Convenio de Trabajo Marítimo, 2006, de la OIT, y que tienen por objeto el establecimiento de un sistema de garantía financiera para los supuestos de abandono de la gente de mar, así como frente a las reclamaciones relacionadas con la muerte y discapacidad prolongada, hoy contenidas en la Directiva 2018/131 del Consejo, de 23 de enero de 2018. En particular, se realiza una reflexión acerca de si el sistema de protección privada vía P&I establecido se ajusta o no a los objetivos perseguidos en la norma internacional, así como se estudian los diversos problemas que, desde la perspectiva de nuestra legislación interna, pueden surgir a propósito de dicho sistema de protección privada. Palabras clave: gente de mar, abandono, protección privada, P&I.Abstract: In this article we analyze the path employed in Spain to implement, at least in an in­formally way, the amendments made in 2014 with respect to the Maritime Labor Convention, 2006, ILO, which aim to establish a financial guarantee system in seafarers’ abandonment cases, as well as against claims related to death and prolonged disability of them, today contained in the Council Directi­ve 2018/131, of January 23, 2018. Particularly, we reflect whether the established P&I private protection system conforms or not the objectives pursued in the international instrument, as well as the different difficulties that, from our internal legislation perspective, can arise from the said established private protection system. Keywords: seafarers, abandonment, private insurance, P&I.

scholarly journals Economía circular: un reto para las instituciones deportivas latinoamericanas (Circular economy: a challenge for latin american sports institutions)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 309-318
Author(s):  
Yahilina Silveira Pérez ◽  
José Ramón Sanabria Navarro ◽  
Lisbet Guillén Pereira ◽  
Héctor Ramiro Mediavilla Ruiz ◽  
Cristian Patricio Mediavilla Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Management System ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

  La literatura existente aún no proporciona una orientación suficiente con respecto a la asignación de ciertos recursos al final de su vida útil entre los puntos de reciclaje para maximizar la economía circular y los resultados de sostenibilidad en organizaciones deportivas. Tampoco se evidencian cuáles son los elementos de la economía circular para las organizaciones deportivas latinoamericanas. En tal sentido, el objetivo de esta investigación es concebir un modelo de economía circular para las organizaciones deportivas latinoamericanas. La investigación parte de un análisis teórico y metodológico el cual permite la generación y validación de 21 indicadores, agrupados en seis variables, que se utilizan en el diagnóstico, diseño del modelo y la validación de los resultados. El diagnóstico realizado en cinco países: Cuba, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador y Argentina. Entre los principales resultados se obtuvo que el Sistema de gestión en el deporte, no constituye un factor analizado desde la perspectiva de la economía circular en el deporte. La selección de proveedores deportivo no es coherente con el medioambiente y se refleja en el consumo de materiales deportivos, indicador con menor carga factorial. El clúster jerárquico permitió agrupar las variables en dos grupos al que se les denominó Potenciadores y Determinantes de la economía circular, respectivamente.  Summary: The existing literature does not yet provide sufficient guidance regarding the allocation of certain end-of-life resources between recycling points to maximize circular economy and sustainability outcomes in sports organizations. Nor is it evident what the elements of the circular economy are for Latin American sports organizations. In this sense, the objective of this research is to conceive a circular economy model for Latin American sports organizations. The research starts from a theoretical and methodological analysis which allows the generation and validation of 21 indicators, grouped into six variables, which are used in the diagnosis, design of the model and the validation of the results. The diagnosis made in five countries: Cuba, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Argentina. Among the main results, it was obtained that the Management System in sport does not constitute a factor analyzed from the perspective of the circular economy in sport. The selection of sports suppliers is not consistent with the environment and is reflected in the consumption of sports materials, an indicator with a lower factor load. The hierarchical cluster allowed the variables to be grouped into two groups called Enhancers and Determinants of the circular economy, respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document