scholarly journals Viral diseases of cacti (Cactaceae Juss.)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mudrak ◽  
G. Koroteeva ◽  
V. Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
Active Substances

There are about 220 genera and 3000 species in Cactaceae family. Since its discovery in XV cacti gained much popularity among botanists, gardeners and collectors because of unusual and highly decorative appearance. Cactus viruses are known for about a century now. The first definitive indication came in 1951 in Europe. Currently, 13 viruses are known to infect plants of Cactaceae family: five members of the genus Potexvirus (CVX, OpVX, SchVX, ZyVX and PiVX), four members of the genus Tobamovirus (SOV, TMV, CMMoV and RCNaV), one representative of the Carlavirus (CV-2), one representative of the Carmovirus (SgCV) and two representatives of the genus Tospovirus (TSWV and INSV). Potexviruses are best described among the viruses infecting Cactaceous plants. Some infections are mostly symptomless, when others demonstrate both external and internal symptoms. Externally symptoms include chlorotic rings and spots on the pads of Opuntia sp., reddening of the fronds of the Zygocactus sp., etc. Occasionally more severe symptoms, such as bending, marked yellowing and dieback of stems occur. The article discusses the viruses infecting Cactaceae family members, their biological characteristics, geographical distribution and history of their discovery. It covers the problem of genetic differentiation between some Asian and European isolates of potexviruses, and describes peculiarities of mono- and co-infections in different species of cacti. The article also considers the practical value of cacti for the gardening and exemplifies the use of their biologically active substances in medicine and pharmaceutical industry. Viral infections can damage cacti rendering raw material inapplicable for practical use. Hence it is necessary to apply not only technical protective measures, but also timely application of modern methods of diagnosis and the establishment of diversity of viruses circulating in the collections.

scholarly journals Influence of drying methods on preservation of biologically active substances of garden strawberries being raw material for food enrichment

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012094
Author(s):  
I M Novikova ◽  
O M Blinnikova ◽  
L G Eliseeva ◽  
D A Blinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Active Substances

Abstract At present, the preservation of the consumer properties of berry products is an urgent problem. Use of fresh garden strawberries is limited by a short storage period and seasonality. Under optimal storage conditions in a normal atmosphere, the average shelf life of strawberries is from 2 to 9 days depending on the variety. To meet the needs of the population in garden strawberries and meet the physiological needs in a unique complex of biologically active substances, strawberries are subjected to different processing methods. Drying being a type of fruit and berry products processing has the following advantages: a significant increase in the shelf life of products, a decrease in the mass and storage volumes of dried berries, preservation of minerals, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, antioxidants, bioflavonoids and many biologically active compounds in berries. Modern drying technologies allow preserving the content of essential vitamins to its full extent. Comparison of two technologies for drying garden strawberries has established that vitamins and other biologically active substances are well preserved in berries. Berries dried by convective vacuum-impulse method (CVI) are recommended to be used for food enrichment.

scholarly journals Flowers of Campanula species as a source of biologically active substances

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00033
Author(s):  
Tatiana Fomina ◽  
Tatiana Kukushkina
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
First Time ◽  
Active Substances

The content of the major groups of biologically active substances in flowers of 7 Campanula species, cultivated in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia, were investigated for the first time. Freshly collected flowers were found to contain 0.06-0.15 % of catechins, 0.31-3.17 % of flavonols, 3.31-6.47 % of tannins, 3.10-15.57 % of pectic substances, and 0.66-16.4 mg% of carotenoids calculated per absolute dre weight of raw material. The amount of ascorbic acid was 36.9-114.0 mg% per wet weight. The data indicate that Campanula flowers are promising for the production of phenolic compounds, the development of food additives and fresh consumptions a seasoning.

scholarly journals ENERGY RESOURCE-SAVING PLANT FOR EXTRACTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Abdullina ◽  
K. Valeev ◽  
R. Safin
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Birch Bark ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Active Substances

As know, all wood material is recycled only half, and the rest of it remains unused. In practice, wood waste is most often plowed or burned, at a time when such wood is a valuable natural raw material that can compensate for the needs of a number of sectors of the economy. In this regard, the problem of recycling waste from the woodworking industry is very relevant today. Wood waste contains a large amount of substances capable of exhibiting biological activity. In particular, such biologically active substances include betulin, which is found in birch bark, which, due to its many advantages, has found wide application in medical, perfumery, cosmetic, food and other industries. For the rational use of wood and wood materials, it is necessary to develop new technologies and equipment for processing wood into products that are in demand for mankind. The paper provides an overview of the processing of birch bark. The relevance and prospects of birch species as a raw material for the chemical industry have been established. An installation for obtaining biologically active substances from wood waste is presented.

scholarly journals Scientific substantiation and the release of saponins from plant raw material for food and cosmetic cream technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.13) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Svetlana N. Butova ◽  
Vera A. Salnikova ◽  
Lyudmila A. Ivanova ◽  
Irina D. Schegoleva ◽  
Lyudmila A. Churmasova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
State University ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Active Substances

The article presents the results of author scientific research dealing with the use of saponins, biologically active substances in food and cosmetics technology. The problems of their formation in plants, the chemical nature and the features are considered, biological and physico-chemical properties of saponins are studied. By their nature, saponins are divided into steroid and triterpene, differing by glycoside part of a molecule, thus, with different biological and chemical properties, but they are all capable to develop foam in aqueous solutions, and this feature is the origin of their name. The name originated from the word «Sapo», which means soap. It should be noted that at present saponins are not studied fully as other biologically active substances (BAS), although they are of interest and relevance. In the course of scientific work, about 20 species of saponin-containing plant material, both steroid and triterpene ones, were selected and analyzed for the determination of saponins. The selection of raw materials with the highest content was performed for their further use in cosmetics and as the surfactants in the production of emulsion food products. The following research methods were used in the work: qualitative reactions to the presence of saponins, foaming, saponin extraction, the release from dry aqueous extract of both steroid and triterpin ones. The method and the scheme of their release and precipitation are presented in the article.The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of FSBEI HE «Moscow State University of Food Production» No. 14.7404.2017/бч «Scientific and applied bases of application of traditional and nonconventional vegetable raw materials and secondary products of its processing (fruit and berry, grain, bean, oil, essential oil, herbs) in technology of specialized products of the food industry, cosmetology and pharmacy»  

scholarly journals The biography and scientific work of the Soviet microbiologist Z.V. Yermolyeva: historiographic characteristics of post-Soviet publications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-271
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Gorshenin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Woman Scientist ◽  
Scientific Biography ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Active Substances

This paper provides a brief analysis of works that consider the main stages of the scientific biography of the famous Soviet scientist-microbiologist, academician of medicine Zinaida Vissarionovna Yermolyeva (18981974). Among the most famous achievements of the scientist are the receipt of the first Soviet penicillin and the prevention of the cholera epidemic in Stalingrad during the Great Patriotic War. Her scientific interests had a fairly wide range: from cholera and antibiotics to lysozyme, interferon and other biologically active substances. Speaking about Z.V. Yermolyeva, the famous Soviet microbiologist and epidemiologist, academician N.F. Gamaleya noted that she as a researcher is characterized by a desire to work in the area that is currently the most urgent for socialist health care. Indeed, getting acquainted with the biography of this amazing woman scientist, it becomes clear why she switched from one research direction into another this was her ability to quickly respond to the needs of the country and the challenges of the time. Given a great importance to the figure of Z.V. Yermolyeva in the history of Russian science, it seems relevant to establish a degree of study of this problem. The author of this paper has already carried out a brief analysis of the historiography of the works in the Soviet period on the history of Zinaida Yermolyevas scientific activities; therefore this paper is its logical continuation.

TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PLANT COMPLEX: DETERMINATION OF REGULATED PARAMETERS, FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Technology Of Production

The technology of production of a biologically active phytocomplex in the form of a biologically active additive has been discussed. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the formulation, which forms the functional properties of a specialized product, has scientifically been determined. The main stages of production include the preparation and input control of the raw material, the preparation of a mixture for encapsulation, including the steps of dispensing, sieving, grinding and mixing at a rate of 100 kg / 1 h, encapsulation and deducting, packaging, packaging and storage. A description of the technology of ex-traction of plant raw materials has been given, which is of great importance in the formation of consumer properties of the product being developed. The extraction process includes: obtaining liquid recovery us-ing demineralized water with dissolved in it sodium bicarbonate in an amount of 8% of the dry feed con-tent. The extractant-raw ratio is 1:13, the extraction time is 4 hours for each time; thickening of the liquid extract. It is carried out by means of vacuum in a vacuum evaporator plant before obtaining an extract with a solids content of not less than 20%; obtaining a dry extract. It is carried out by spray drying at a temperature of 90-95 ° C. The advantage of the developed technology of dietary supplements is the possi-bility of combining several differently directed biologically active substances in one capsule. The gelati-nous membrane reliably protects the contents from various environmental factors. Functional properties of the formulation formula of a specialized product are aimed at the prevention and comprehensive treatment of infectious viral diseases, confirmed by the conclusion of experts from the Russian Federal Service for Consumer Rights and Consumer Protection and the results of clinical trials in a group of pa-tients with acute respiratory viral infections. The developed product has been approved and produced at the enterprises of the company «Art Life».

Analytical Pyrolysis for Valorization of Herbal Pharmaceutical Industry Wastes Excluding Necessity of Preparative Isolation of their Components

2021 ◽  
Vol 903 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Jevgenija Ponomarenko ◽  
Botir Abduazimov ◽  
Vilhelmina Jurkjane ◽  
Sarmite Janceva ◽  
Galina Telysheva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Analytical Pyrolysis ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Preparative Isolation

The work is devoted to the comprehensive comparative analysis of extraction cakes, obtained after isolation of pharmaceuticals from medical herbs (Aconítum leucostómum, Thermopsis alterniflora, Glycyrrhiza Glabra and Vinca erecta) to characterize their composition and structural features of components, that is necessary for following valorization and for evaluation of extraction efficiency. Application of analytical pyrolysis to analysis of the medical herbs’ residues allowed to avoid disadvantages, connected with preparative isolation of components and get integral information about phytomass constituents and their transformation during extraction. The results have shown that aconite and licorice roots extraction cakes can be considered as perspective raw material for the chemical and biological processing for obtaining of carbohydrates-based products, whereas the periwinkle grass waste is perspective source for obtaining of aromatic and phenolic products. The data of the analytical pyrolysis indicate the сompleteness of biologically active compounds extraction from licorice roots. Extraction cakes of aconite, thermopsis and periwinkle grasses contained different amounts of unextracted targeted pharmaceutical compounds, which can increase their value.

A new functional food ingredient enriched by Phytoecdisteroids and Polyphenols from quinoa grains (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 4321-4328
Author(s):  
Zorin S.N. ◽  
Sidorova Yu. S. ◽  
Petrov N.A. ◽  
Perova I.B. ◽  
Malinkin A.D. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Detector ◽  
Active Substances

Objective: Quinoa grains (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) contain a large number of secondary metabolites. Phytoecdysteroids and polyphenols, secondary metabolites, are of great interest for research today. The aim of the study is a method development for the extraction of biologically active substances (BAS) from quinoa grains to obtain a functional food ingredient (FFI) enriched with phytoecdysteroids and polyphenols. Materials and methods: The content of phytoecdysteroids at each stage of quinoa extract production was determined by two methods: HPLC with a spectrophotometric detector and HPLC with a mass spectrometer. The content of total polyphenols was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The flavonoid profile was determined using a liquid chromatography system with a diode array spectrophotometric detector and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometric detector. Results: The chosen technological scheme for the production of FFI can concentrate more than 200 times the major phytoecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone major in quinoa in the final product relative to the raw material. The maximum yield of flavonoids in the final product was observed in cases of 20 and 40% ethanol extraction. Conclusion: These results lead to the conclusion that highly enriched sources of BAS can be obtained using fairly simple technological approaches and commercially available reagents from quinoa grains.

Hydrolysates of Sulphur-containing Polypeptides (Keratins) as New Ingredients for Polymeric Composite Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Kolotilin ◽  
E.E. Potapov ◽  
S.V. Reznichenko ◽  
V.V. Ermilov ◽  
E.V. Prut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Polymeric Composite ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Polymeric Composite Materials ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
Elastomer Composites ◽  
Active Substances

In the creation of new polymeric composite materials, the use of biologically active substances, e.g. the hydrolysis products of keratin-containing proteins of different structure, is promising. The possibility of using keratin hydrolysates as modifying additives for improving different properties of various elastomer composites is shown. These are vulcanising agents and vulcanisation accelerators for composite materials based on synthetic polyisoprene; secondary vulcanising agents for elastomer materials based on chlorine-containing rubbers; vulcanisation accelerators for composites. The use of these compounds makes it possible to remove from the composition of materials ecologically harmful components and ingredients that are produced from non-renewable sources of raw material, to solve a number of economic problems, associated, among other things, with the need for import replacement, and also to produce latex composites that in their properties approach latexes of natural rubber.

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