scholarly journals The biography and scientific work of the Soviet microbiologist Z.V. Yermolyeva: historiographic characteristics of post-Soviet publications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-271
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Gorshenin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Woman Scientist ◽  
Scientific Biography ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Active Substances

This paper provides a brief analysis of works that consider the main stages of the scientific biography of the famous Soviet scientist-microbiologist, academician of medicine Zinaida Vissarionovna Yermolyeva (18981974). Among the most famous achievements of the scientist are the receipt of the first Soviet penicillin and the prevention of the cholera epidemic in Stalingrad during the Great Patriotic War. Her scientific interests had a fairly wide range: from cholera and antibiotics to lysozyme, interferon and other biologically active substances. Speaking about Z.V. Yermolyeva, the famous Soviet microbiologist and epidemiologist, academician N.F. Gamaleya noted that she as a researcher is characterized by a desire to work in the area that is currently the most urgent for socialist health care. Indeed, getting acquainted with the biography of this amazing woman scientist, it becomes clear why she switched from one research direction into another this was her ability to quickly respond to the needs of the country and the challenges of the time. Given a great importance to the figure of Z.V. Yermolyeva in the history of Russian science, it seems relevant to establish a degree of study of this problem. The author of this paper has already carried out a brief analysis of the historiography of the works in the Soviet period on the history of Zinaida Yermolyevas scientific activities; therefore this paper is its logical continuation.

scholarly journals A Brief history of the chemical transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Alekseev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Starting Compound ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Dyes And Pigments

The results of works published in the open press over the past 100 years on the possibilities of converting one of the most well-known and widely used blasting explosives (EX) – 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT, TOL, TNT) into "conversion" chemical products are summarized having a diverse and commercially attractive application. Examples of the first industrial use of TNT are not given as explosives, but as inexpensive and affordable chemical raw materials for the production of components of photosensitive compositions. The reasons for the second more intensive period of development of works (late 20th – early 21st centuries) on revealing the synthetic potential of TNT are noted. The most promising areas of work are discussed: the synthesis of polyfunctional organic compounds of a carbo (hetero) cyclic structure, interesting as biologically active substances, precursors for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, original polymers and resins, etc. The article makes assumptions about the reasons for the fact that so far TNT has not found wide practical application as an almost universal starting compound for obtaining a wide range of products of small and large-tonnage organic intesa. Using examples of the results of their own work on obtaining original, effective dyes and pigments, sorption-active compounds, structural analogues of hard-to-reach, but practically significant natural substances, the authors suggest ways of involving TNT in the practice of industrial organic synthesis.

scholarly journals The Issue of Decossackization in Modern Historiography: History of Studying, Legal and Political Aspects, Bibliography and Statistics of Publications

2019 ◽  
pp. 224-234
Author(s):  
Ivan Yurchenko
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Russian Science Citation Index ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Soviet Historiography

Introduction. Decossackization is a complex issue of modern historiography of the Cossacks. The scientific relevance of the decossackization issue is caused by shortage of generalizing studies. The social and political relevance is connected with the Cossack Renaissance in modern Russia. It is possible to see a major boundary in decossackization, which divided traditional and modern history of the Cossacks. Methods. The author uses the method of analytical historiography, complex, structural and comparative analysis of historiographic sources, quantitative analysis of the nomenclature of studies. The bibliography statistics is received on the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) database. Analysis. Defining Decossackization: definitions, approaches, periodization. Soviet and post-Soviet historiography. The newest historiography of the 21st century. Alternative and expanded renderings of Decossackization. Approaches to how Decossackization should be determined in the legal systems of Russia and the USA. Determining Decossackization as the genocide of the Cossacks. Considering V.V. Putin and Patriarch Kirill’s expressed opinions on Decossackization; the influence of these opinions on the historiography in question. Emphasizing the topicality of researching Decossackization in the historical memory of the Cossacks. Most works on Decossakization were published already in the 21st century, but they amount to only about 1 % of the whole number of studies devoted to the Cossacks, which means that new studies into the question will be both topical and necessary. Results. The scholastic research into Decossackization stems from Soviet historiography. The post-Soviet period saw a wide range of opinions and suggested approaches to the problem of Decossackization. In the 21st century politicians, church leaders, lawyers, historians and the Cossacks themselves have reached a consensus on that Decossackization must be viewed as a tragedy. New researchers agree with the definition of Decossackization as genocide or a kind of cruel mass repression in the Soviet Russia.

The content of decenoic acids in drone brood preparations and combined preparations based on it

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-393
Author(s):  
D.V. Mitrofanov ◽  
N.V. Budnikova
Keyword(s):  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Drone Brood ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Melanin Complex

The drone brood contains a large number of substances with antioxidant activity. These substances require stabilization and strict adherence to storage conditions. Among these substances are unique decenoic acids, the content of which is an indicator of the quality of drone brood and products based on it. The ability of drone brood to reduce the manifestations of oxidative stress is shown. There are dietary supplements for food and drugs based on drone brood, which are used for a wide range of diseases. Together with drone brood, chitosan-containing products, propolis, royal jelly can be used. They enrich the composition with their own biologically active substances and affect the preservation of the biologically active substances of the drone brood. Promising are the products containing, in addition to the drone brood, a chitin-chitosan-melanin complex from bees, propolis, royal jelly. The chitin-chitosan-melanin complex in the amount of 5% in the composition of the adsorbent practically does not affect the preservation of decenic acids, while in the amount of 2% and 10% it somewhat worsens. The acid-soluble and water-soluble chitosan of marine crustaceans significantly worsens the preservation of decenoic acids in the product. Drone brood with royal jelly demonstrates a rather high content of decenoic acids. When propolis is introduced into the composition of the product, the content of decenoic acids increases according to the content of propolis.

CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF PREPARATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SORPTION-DETOXIFYING COMPLEXES FOR AGRICULTURAL ANIMALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
L.L. Zakharova ◽  
◽  
G.A. Zhorov ◽  
V.I. Dorozhkin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Combined Pollution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Criteria For Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Negative impact on the environment as a result of economic activity of man increasingly becomes the character of combined pollution of ecotoxicants, including xenobiotics of radiation and chemical nature. In animal husbandry in ecologically unfavorable regions, sorbtion-detoxication technologies based on the complex application of bioprotective substances of different origin are used to reduce the intake and accumulation of xenobiotics, to normalize the physiological state of animals and to obtain safe products. It is necessary to observe certain principles ensuring compatibility of components, a wide range of bioprotective action, efficiency and safety at their use in developing the compositions of such sorption-detoxifying complexes. The article substantiates the criteria that should be followed in creating sorption-detoxifying complexes and presents groups of drugs with different mechanisms of action (sorbents, antioxidants, immunomodulators, adaptogens and other biologically active substances) for inclusion in the formulations of combined compositions.

scholarly journals Biologically Active Substances of Siberian Medical Plants in Functional Wgey-Based Drinks

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Светлана Иванова ◽  
Svetlana Ivanova ◽  
Ирина Милентьева ◽  
Irina Milenteva ◽  
Людмила Асякина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Rhodiola Rosea ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Rhaponticum Carthamoides ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Mineral Base

The use of infusions and extracts from domestic plant materials is a promising direction in the development of functional beverages since they contain a wide range of substances of various pharmacological properties. Drinks fortified with physiologically active natural components maintain a certain level of this content in human body. They can have a healing or prophylactic effect. However, there is a lack of technologies for the effective production of biologically active substances from plant materials. Moreover, the development of cultivated botanical medicinal plant species remains quite poor. The present study features the qualitative and quantitative composition of biologically active substances of medicinal plants that are endemics of Siberia. They are Rhodiola rosea (Rhodiola rosea L.) and maral root (Rhaponticum carthamoides). The paper introduces a method for increasing their biosynthetic activity. An experiment helped to select a composition of the nutrient medium for the cultivation of callus cultures of Rhodiola rosea (Rhodiola rosea L.) and maral root (Rhaponticum carthamoides) in vitro, which contributed to an increase in the biosynthesis of biologically active substances. For callus cultures of Rhodiola Rosea (line R.r-1k) the following composition was used: mineral base – MS; sucrose – 30 g; inositol – 100 mg; thiamine – 1.0 mg; pyridoxine – 1.0 mg; Ca-panthetonate – 10 mg; kinetin – 0.05 g; naphthyl acetic acid – 0.1 g; 2.4-D – 0.5. For callus cultures of maral root (line R.c -2k): mineral base – SH; sucrose – 30 g; inositol – 100 mg; thiamine – 5.0 mg; pyridoxine – 0.5 mg; nicotinic acid – 5.0 mg; kinetin – 0.1 g; indoleacetic acid – 1.0 g. The authors developed a technology for the production of functional whey-based tonic drink fortified with extract of carotenoids isolated from the fruits of mountain ash and the extract of biologically active substances Rhodiola rosea and maral root. The presence of biologically active substances in the plant and medicinal raw materials gives the drink antioxidant and bactericidal properties, as well as helps to raise the overall state of the organizm and strengthen the immune system.

scholarly journals Scientific substantiation and the release of saponins from plant raw material for food and cosmetic cream technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.13) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Svetlana N. Butova ◽  
Vera A. Salnikova ◽  
Lyudmila A. Ivanova ◽  
Irina D. Schegoleva ◽  
Lyudmila A. Churmasova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
State University ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Active Substances

The article presents the results of author scientific research dealing with the use of saponins, biologically active substances in food and cosmetics technology. The problems of their formation in plants, the chemical nature and the features are considered, biological and physico-chemical properties of saponins are studied. By their nature, saponins are divided into steroid and triterpene, differing by glycoside part of a molecule, thus, with different biological and chemical properties, but they are all capable to develop foam in aqueous solutions, and this feature is the origin of their name. The name originated from the word «Sapo», which means soap. It should be noted that at present saponins are not studied fully as other biologically active substances (BAS), although they are of interest and relevance. In the course of scientific work, about 20 species of saponin-containing plant material, both steroid and triterpene ones, were selected and analyzed for the determination of saponins. The selection of raw materials with the highest content was performed for their further use in cosmetics and as the surfactants in the production of emulsion food products. The following research methods were used in the work: qualitative reactions to the presence of saponins, foaming, saponin extraction, the release from dry aqueous extract of both steroid and triterpin ones. The method and the scheme of their release and precipitation are presented in the article.The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of FSBEI HE «Moscow State University of Food Production» No. 14.7404.2017/бч «Scientific and applied bases of application of traditional and nonconventional vegetable raw materials and secondary products of its processing (fruit and berry, grain, bean, oil, essential oil, herbs) in technology of specialized products of the food industry, cosmetology and pharmacy»  

scholarly journals PROFESSIONAL REFLECTION OF THE HISTORIAN AND THE CANON OF SCIENTIFIC AND QUALIFICATION RESEARCH IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN SCIENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
O. B. Leontieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Library ◽  
Doctoral Dissertations ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the problem of the impact of the “historiographic revolution” occurred at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries to the dissertation culture of contemporary Russian historians. The study is based on the full-text collection “Electronic library of dissertations of the Russian State Library”, an online resource. On the example of doctoral dissertations on Russian history defended in 2015–2019, the author examines the priorities of Russian historians in choosing problematics and chronological framework of scholarly works, analyzes theoretical and methodological foundations of their studies as well as their ideas about the social mission of history. She proves that most authors of doctoral dissertations choose the post-reform or Soviet period of Russian history for study, and highlights two blocks of priority topics: the history of state policy and governance, and social history. An analysis of the methodology of dissertations (scientific and qualification works) led to the conclusion that the nature of Russian historical science has changed as a result of an anthropological turn, which allows us to take a fresh look at the problems of political, economic and social history. Historians are increasingly setting the task of understanding people of the past in the whole variety of their mental structures, social connections, strategies and practices, both in everyday situations and in extreme conditions. But in practice, writing a dissertation requires not only a high degree of professional reflection, but also the ability to fulfil the formal requirements for scientific and qualification work: original ideas are sometimes difficult to fit into template, clichéd formulations that have become generally accepted in the scholarly community

scholarly journals Results of studies of the influence of phytopreparations on cows and calfs

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
V.S. Kozyr ◽  
P.P. Antonenko ◽  
N.I. Suslova ◽  
R.V. Mylostyvyi
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Biochemical System ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Active Substances

Purpose. To establish the influence of the “Phytochol”, “Phytopunk” and “Gastroacide” phytopreparations developed by the authors on the reproductive function of cows, resistance and safety for calves. Methods. Biological, biochemical, hematological, immunological, analytical, biometric, zootechnical. Results. It has been established that in homeopathic doses, the studied drugs are non-toxic, have a wide range of pharmacological effects and contain biologically active substances that have strengthening, tonic properties, metabolism normalizing in the “cow-calf” biochemical system. Conclusions. To normalize the reproductive function of cows, it is advisable to use “Phytochol”and “Phytopunk”. The resistance of newborn calves is strengthened by feeding them “Phytopunk” and “Gastroacide”. The productivity of young cattle can be increased by introducing the drug “Phytochol” into the ration. The use of phytopreparations “Phytopunk”, “Phytochol” in homeopathic doses in cattle breeding contributes to a more efficient management of the industry.

scholarly journals Philosophical and Legal Foundations of the Scientific Worldview of A. L. Blok

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Elena V. Safronova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
State Law ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Law Faculty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
Special Studies ◽  
Scientific Worldview

Introduction. Next year marks the 170th anniversary of the birth of Alexander L’vovich Blok (1852–1909), a talented scientist and statesman, professor and dean of the Law Faculty of the Imperial University of Warsaw, a philosopher, a man of “Aristotelian erudition”, and the father of the Russian poet Alexander Blok. His name is associated with the birth of the scientific school of sociological and political positivism in the Russian science of state law. However, there are no special studies devoted to the evolution of the ideas of sociological positivism in Russia. In this regard, the appeal of the work of one of the founders of this school, who brought up a whole galaxy of talented scientists (Taranovsky, F. V., Spek- torsky, E. V., Reisner, M. A.), is of undoubted scientific interest. Theoretical Basis and Methods. An attempt is made to reconstruct both the philosophical and legal foundations of the scientific worldview of A. L. Blok. When writing this work, a broad methodological base was used, characteristic of the history of the teachings on law and the state. The combination of metaphysical and dialectical approaches with the use of a methodological arsenal of socio-political and natural-legal doctrines made it possible to study and systematise the conceptual provisions of the scientific heritage of A. L. Blok. Results. The article traces the evolution of the scientist’s state-legal views in the context of the development of the science of state law in Russia. The study of the works published by A. L. Blok pays testimony to the independence of his ideas, his critical attitude to the pre- vailing Western European theories, and the originality of the methodological approaches developed by him to the study of state-legal phenomena. Discussion and Conclusion. The search and reconstruction of the main scientific work of the scientist-”Fundamental questions of politics”, on which he worked all his life, “like Plato on ‘Politics’ or Goethe on ‘Faust’, remains an unresolved task of historical and historical – legal science” [Spectorsky, E. V., 1911, p. 65], as well as the systematisation of the key ideas of the scientific school created by him.

scholarly journals LAW OF HOMOLOGICAL SERIES IN HEREDITARY VARIABILITY. TO 100 ANNIVERSARY OF THE N.I. VAVILOV DISCOVERY

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Nikita Valer'evich Ryazantsev
Keyword(s):  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is dedicated to the centenary of the main scientific discovery of the academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the Agricultural Academy and the USSR Academy of Sciences N.I. Vavilov - to the law of homological series in hereditary variability. The discovery of the law was one of the most significant events in biology of the first half of the twentieth century and had a significant impact on the selection process. From a biographical point of view, the discovery of the law was for N.I. Vavilov - a young professor, head of the department of private agriculture and genetics of the agronomic faculty of the University of Saratov, a fateful event that brought world fame. In the history of Russian science, much attention is paid to the phenomenon of N.I. Vavilov. At the same time, there is a tendency to analyze his scientific work in the context of three main areas: the doctrine of plant immunity to infectious diseases, the law of homologous series in hereditary variability, and the doctrine of the centers of origin and variety of cultivated plants. In our work, special attention is paid to the integrity of the scientific work of the scientist, which can be traced in all his main works and was put into practice in the world collection of plant genetic resources, the collection of which was carried out under the guidance and with the direct participation of N.I. Vavilov. The history of the perception of the law at different periods in the development of biology and the role of this discovery in the posthumous memory of its author, N.I. Vavilov, who became a symbol of a real scientist and patriot.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document