scholarly journals Academic Drawing in the Context of Distance Learning

Author(s):  
Viktor Sukhenko ◽  
Oleksandr Zasypkin

Today the art school is going through a real test of time, being at a difficult stage of its development. One of the evidences is the transformation of the educational process and the transition to distance learning, that came to be a test for the teaching staff and the students for their methodological maturity and willingness to give a quick response to the changes that took place. In order to find effective approaches to teaching and new philosophy of art education the authors direct their attention to the history of academic drawing. Distance learning is the interaction of participants at a distance during educational process that reflects all the components inherent in this process (namely goals, content and methods) and implemented by specific technologies. The first experience of the Ukrainian academic community in terms of distance learning caused a negative reaction, since the traditional well-established teaching methods based on close contact between teacher and student have lost their effectiveness. The principle of life drawing has been a dominant method throughout the history of academic drawing. The method of speculativedrawing also developed at the same time. There is no doubt that the method of speculative drawing, when the artist does not interactwith the model is more acceptable in case of distance learning. In the process of life drawing, the artist's fulcrum is the real-life model that poses for him. Whereas in case of speculative drawing method, the model is imaginary or being rather a graphical reflection of it. It becomes possible with the help of certain artistic techniques and composition. Today, when the rela- tionship between the student and the educational institution has largely moved to the plane of the educational services, a certain methodology, which is carried by the teacher, can be fairly considered and evaluated as a product (brand). In this case, the economic and financial aspects of the educational process can be of decisive importance. All this, ultimately, crystallizes into a certain pedagogical technology, when distance learning has educational potential and development prospects. The authors of the article substantiate the idea that using any forms of teaching process (when it comes to drawing), the educational essence of the discipline is unchanged.

Author(s):  
Valery Levchenko ◽  

The article concerns the history of creation and activities of the Odessa Higher International Institute (1916-1920) as the first private special diplomatic educational institution in the world. The author briefly describes the history of the first such universities in the world, presents a comparative analysis of the Institute’s statutes in 1916 and 1918, considers the process of organization of the Institute and the main components of its activity (teaching staff, formation of educational process). The paper examines the students composition, the process of their rights evolution in the system of the Russian Empire / Ukrainian State higher education, the transformation of a higher education institution against a backdrop of reorganization of the Odessa Higher School in 1919–1920.


2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
A. V. Shalukhina ◽  
V. F. Sosonkina ◽  
N. A. Bizunok

This article presents the history of the Pharmacology department establishment and development during 1922-1940 with the teaching staff description, the department location and the disciplines taught. The problem of training pharmacy specialists in Belarus connected with the growth of pharmacies and the development of pharmaceutical industry in the period given is stated. The problem is solved by building the system of secondary and higher pharmaceutical education in the country. The Pharmacology department made particular contribution to the educational process in 1930 s-1940s when professor Anischenko V. A. having a great experience in organizational, teaching and pharmaceutical activities headed it. The Pharmacology department provided facilities to run courses in training pharmacists and pharmaceutical laboratory workers, and advanced training courses for pharmacists. The teaching staff conducted classes with the students and trainees of the courses. The Pharmacology department worked in close contact with Minsk Chemical-pharmaceutical factory dealing with some drug manufacture issues, held conferences with specialists.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitalii Panok ◽  
◽  
Iryna Tkachuk

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic may have hit the education industry the hardest, but the socio-psychological effects of quarantine are still poorly understood. A group of scientists from the Ukrainian SMC of practical psychology and social work of the NAES of Ukraine has conducted a study of the socio-psychological problems that have arisen for teaching staff of general secondary education establishments in the context of the pandemic. Purpose. The research was carried out during the implementation of the scientific topic «Overcoming the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in the activities of the psychological service of the educational system» on the order of the National Research Fund of Ukraine. Design\approach\methodology. The study was conducted by interviewing educators through Google forms. Most of the questions contained a 10-step scale. In processing the data, all respondents’ answers were grouped into 5 categories: "yes", "more likely to", "more likely not", "no", "don’t know/it’s hard to say". The survey was attended by 3,209 teaching staff from general secondary education institutions from all regions of Ukraine, 45% from urban areas, 55% from rural areas; among which 92% were women and 8% were men. Results. Among the results, researchers highlighted the difficulties and fears of educators caused by the pandemic. The fears and complexities of the profession were distributed as follows. 1. The fear of getting infected (infecting family members) is common to 78.2% of the surveyed. 40.9% of the interviewed felt this fear to the greatest extent. However, 9.3% found those fears irrelevant. 2. Problems associated with the use of ICT in educational activities (lack of competence) — 53.2%. Among those, 22.2% have major difficulties and 31% have minor difficulties. Only 15.7% consider themselves fully competent. 3. 73% of educators noted difficulties in involving children in distance learning. This was the main problem for 12.8% of respondents. 4. «It is difficult to adhere to all anti-epidemic requirements in an educational institution to protect students» — 69.5% stated that this is one of the most significant problems of professional activity. 5. Emotional exhaustion, loss of emotional balance, excessive fatigue. 58.7% said that the problem was significant, of which almost 18% said it was very significant. 6. 51.1% of respondents indicated that they were unable to communicate with students' parents regarding monitoring the quality of their students' knowledge. Of these, 8.7% rated it with the highest score. 7. Health related difficulties (consequential of COVID-19). 31.2% of educators consider this problem to be relevant, while 8.9% rated it as very relevant. 30.4% of those interviewed denied the existence of such a problem. Conclusions Taking into account the results of the study, the most relevant areas in the work of the psychologists in the educational system are the following: ● prevention among educators and students of the COVID-bullying; ● working with negative emotional states of participants in the educational process and increasing their stress tolerance; ● providing socio-educational assistance to children and families in difficult life situations, and forming positive life prospects. Keywords. COVID-19 pandemic; pedagogues; social-psychological problems; fear of getting infected; emotional exhaustion


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (02) ◽  
pp. 186-198
Author(s):  
V. Shulika ◽  

The article is devoted to the scientific, practical and pedagogical experience of the Department of Restoration and Examination of Works of Art of the Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts throughout its existence in the context of the development of this industry in the historical territory of Sloboda Ukraine. The REWA department of KSADA is the only educational institution in the East of Ukraine that trains artists-restorers of easel and monumental painting, specialists in expertise. Over the years, the department has restored many hundreds of works of art, and graduates of the department successfully work in restoration and museum institutions in Ukraine and the EU. The establishment of the REWA department was preceded by a long historical process of restoration activities in the region, which dates back to the second half of the seventeenth century, the time of the founding of Slobozhanshchyna. The first local restorers were icon painters, who were invited to perform works of art in cities and monasteries. Later, in the nineteenth century, the role of restorers was performed by local, including well-known, painters (I. Bunakov, I. Kulikovsky, M. Uvarov). Restoration education in Slobozhanshchyna dates back to 1902, when the training and icon-painting workshop was opened in Sloboda Borysivka, where the restoration of icon-painting was taught for the first time in the historical Ukrainian lands. During the First World War, the unveiling of the icon of St. Nicholas of Miletus Monastery became a significant event in Kharkiv (1915). In the 1920s and 1930s well-known restorers and representatives of related professions who mastered the profession of a restorer (M. Kasperovych, I. Sviatenko, P. Fomin, etc.), worked in Kharkiv. A restoration workshop operated at the Ukrainian Art Gallery in 1930s, and in 1938 the first Ukrainian-language edition on this subject was published and a separate section devoted to restoration (V. Lokhanko “Artistic Materials and Painting Techniques”). In 1984, Kharkiv branch of the State Research and Restoration Workshops was opened. Higher restoration education in Slobozhanshchyna was started in 1988, as a section of painting restoration, which was transformed into an independent graduating department in 1994. Teachers and students of the department within the educational process carry out practical restoration of works of art, monitoring of private and museum collections, the state of preservation of monumental paintings. They develop and improve methods of restoration, publish and patent developments and discoveries. The Department of REWA is constantly working on improvement of teaching and methods of evaluating the work of students, planning to open new educational programs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-49
Author(s):  
I.P. Pashkova ◽  
H.O. Palahniuk ◽  
M.O. Matokhniuk

The present article considers the results of implementing the distance learning technologies at Vinnytsia National Pirogov Memorial Medical University in the process of mastering the discipline "Internal Medicine". Today, the amount of information that is so necessary for obtaining, understanding and mastering knowledge is growing rapidly. Given the current pace of development of education, today it is quite important to find innovative forms of quality organization of the educational process. This led to the introduction of information technology in education and the formation of a separate type of learning - distance learning. Now in Ukraine, distance learning is widely developing at all levels of education, this makes it possible to individualize the process of acquiring knowledge, abilities, skills and methods of human cognitive activity, which occurs mainly through the indirect interaction of participants in the educational process distant from each other in a specialized environment, functioning based on modern information and communication technologies.


Author(s):  
Olga O. Hreilikh ◽  
Natalia O. Vydolob

The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the importance of interaction between teachers and students in modern higher education, as well as the need to cover the psychological features of such interaction from the point of view of developing a qualitative assessment of their role and place in the educational process of a higher educational institution. The purpose of the study is to formulate psychological aspects of “teacher-student” communication within the educational space to identify methods of its regulation. The leading approach of the research is a combination of theoretical analysis of the main aspects of pedagogical interaction between teachers and students in an educational institution taking into account the main functions and tasks of each of the groups under consideration and structural synthesis of the features of this type of interaction based on psychological factors of communication on the scale of a higher educational institution. The research considers issues related to the psychological features of pedagogical interaction between teachers and students in modern higher education. Qualitative indicators of communicative relations of subjects of the educational process, in particular teachers and students, are determined. The key psychological features of pedagogical interaction in the “teacherstudent” system are highlighted, including the development of trust in the authority of the teacher, taking into account students' individual factors in the process of studying subjects within the programme, maintaining a positive psychological climate in subject-subject relations. The necessity of developing a qualitative assessment of the level of communication between teachers and students as an objective factor for further assessment of the overall level of their pedagogical interaction effectiveness and the psychological characteristics of each of the groups under consideration is emphasised. The results and conclusions of the research are of practical value both for modern applicants for higher education and for representatives of the teaching staff of modern higher educational institutions concerned with the problems of building high-quality communication among each other, taking into account the individual characteristics and qualities of each group


Author(s):  
Kostiantyn KONDRATIUK ◽  
Oresta KOTSIUMBAS

Academic Gymnasium was found in October 1784 at the University of Lviv. This is a state secondary educational institution of the humanitarian direction. The graduates-maturists had the opportunity to continue their studies at the university after its completion. The Academic Gymnasium was the oldest gymnasium with the Ukrainian language of instruction. The information concerning the gymnasium's organization's functioning and principles till 1848 was lost due to revolutionary events. We can find the data about the organization of the institution's functioning, the number of teachers and students, and their social origin from 1849. At the same time, this date coincides with the secondary school's reform in 1849 based on the «Organizational Essay of High Schools and Actual Schools of Austria» and the «Normative Plan of Education for Gymnasia», which functioned until 1910 with minor changes. Exactly these normative documents regulated the functioning of the gymnasium - the organization of the educational process, the language of teaching, the priority of disciplines, the number and load of teachers, the organization of extra-curricular activities of high school students. Since 1907, the gymnasium is reorganized into the Main Gymnasium due to the number of students' growth and moving into a newly built building on L. Sapieha street and the Branch in the premises of the Narodnyi dim (People's Hall). The educational process in the gymnasium was carried out based on ministerial plans. By the end of the 20th century, more than 60% of the educational time was spent on learning languages, and the natural and mathematical cycle reached 25%, which indicates the humanitarian direction of gymnasium preparation. The situation was changed by the curriculum for classical gymnasiums in 1909, according to which the disciplines of the natural-mathematical cycle were synchronized with the requirements of universities. The article's main thesis is that during the 1849-1914 years, the Tsissar-Royal Academic Gymnasium in Lviv developed into a leading secondary educational institution. Mostly Ukrainian Greek Catholics, natives from Halychyna, studied here. The headmasters of the gymnasium were experienced teachers, skilled administrators. During the second half of the 19th century - at the beginning of the 20th century, the gymnasium was headed by Franz Brugger (1848-1858), Ivan Piontkovskyi (1858-1868), Vasyl Ilnytskyi (1868-1892 ), Edvard Kharkevych (1892-1911) and Illia Kokorudz (1911-1927). The teaching staff was increasing quantitatively and qualitatively. Careful selection, education requirements, and teaching methods provided the gymnasium with qualified specialists and responsible officials. The institution's educational process was provided by about 23-25 ​teachers, 70% of whom were gymnasium professors. Teachers of gymnasium conducted classes on a high professional level with students and created original textbooks in their native language, literature, history, and geography. Many teachers of the gymnasium and later graduates became well-known socio-political figures, scientists, and artists.So, Academic Gymnasium in Lviv is a secondary educational institution of the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. It functioned following Austrian secondary school legislation. The Academic Gymnasium, being in the structure of the Lviv University, provided it with well-prepared entrants. Students received a profound knowledge of normative disciplines in the gymnasium and a good national and religious education. The heads of the educational institution were experienced teachers and organizers who took care of the proper provision of the educational institution with teaching staff. The educational and methodological literature was supported, developed, and implemented in the educational process, together with teachers and public figures. Teachers of the gymnasium constantly worked on self-education and were active socio-political leaders. Keywords: Academic Gymnasium, organization, Krajova Szkolna Rada (Region School Council), teachers, teaching process, students, educational legislation.


Author(s):  
Т. Р. Магомаев

В современных условиях функционирования системы высшего образования целью внедрения дистанционного обучения является организация качественного учебно-воспитательного процесса «на расстоянии» с использованием новейших информационно-коммуникационных средств и открытым доступом к образовательным ресурсам. Именно такая форма обучения может быстро адаптироваться к требованиям информационного общества и подготовить будущего специалиста к вызовам цифровой среды. В сочетании с традиционными формами, дистанционное образование в высшем учебном заведении может предоставить широкий спектр образовательных услуг как для абитуриентов и студентов для приобретения необходимых навыков и умений для будущей профессиональной деятельности, так и для преподавателей с целью повышения квалификации. На данный момент основными проблемами внедрения качественного свободного образовательного пространства является отсутствие технической и финансовой поддержки, законодательной основы дистанционного обучения, и это является ведущим фактором сдерживания развития технологий в вузе. Отсутствуют специально подготовленные к работе в дистанционном режиме квалифицированные преподаватели. Однако, учитывая готовность вузов осуществлять обучение преподавателей для работы в дистанционном режиме, негативное влияние этого фактора в ближайшее время может быть устранено. При условии решения вышеописанных проблем будет создано эффективное дистанционное обучение, которое всесторонне раскроет потенциал студента, учитывая как индивидуальные, так и общечеловеческие потребности. In modern conditions of functioning of the higher education system, the goal of introducing distance learning is to organize a high-quality educational process “at a distance” using the latest information and communication tools and open access to educational resources. It is this form of training that can quickly adapt to the requirements of the information society and prepare the future specialist for the challenges of the digital environment. In combination with traditional forms, distance education in a higher educational institution can provide a wide range of educational services for both applicants and students to acquire the necessary skills for future professional activities, and for teachers to improve their skills. At the moment, the main problems in introducing high-quality free educational space is the lack of technical and financial support, the legislative basis of distance learning, and this is a leading factor in curbing the development of technology at the university. There are no qualified teachers specially prepared for working in remote mode. However, given the willingness of universities to train teachers to work remotely, the negative impact of this factor in the near future can be eliminated. Subject to the solution of the above problems, an effective distance learning will be created that will comprehensively reveal the student’s potential, taking into account both individual and universal needs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Mirza Ahmetbašić ◽  
◽  
◽  

Very few papers have been written about the development of education in the wider area of Bosanska Krupa during the Austro-Hungarian administration (1878-1918). No comprehensive historical study is known that treats exclusively the development of education in this area during the occupation period. An exception is the book by Elvira Islamović entitled „Schooling and education in the Bihać district during the Austro-Hungarian administration“, published in Bihać in 2008, which in one part deals with the development of schooling in the Bosnian Krupa area. The starting point for the study of the past of Bosanska Krupa and its surroundings is the work of a group of authors entitled „Bosnian-Krupska municipality in the war and revolution“ published in Bosanska Krupa in 1969, which presents a rough overview of Bosnian Krupa's history until the first years after World War II. war and partly the development of education during the Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian and the period between the two world wars, and more recently the following works: Mithad Kozličić, „Population and settlements of the Una-Sana area 1879-1921. godine“, Bihać 1999; Mirza Ahmetbašić, Adnan Hafizović, Osnovna škola “Otoka“ od osnivanja do danas, Bihać 2008; Emin Mesić, Fikret Midžić, “Mali Pset 1272. Tvrđava Krupa, Prilozi za monografiju Bosanska Krupa“, Bosanska Krupa 2012; Asmir Crnkić, Mirza Ahmetbašić, „Bosanska Krupa during the Austro-Hungarian administration”, Bihać 2020 and others. The development of school opportunities during the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian administrations was partially addressed by bringing them into context when dealing with other topics. In this paper, the author talks about school opportunities in the area of Bosanska Krupa and its surroundings at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Attention is paid to the establishment and operation of confessional primary and secondary schools that operated during the Ottoman period, and whose work continued after 1878, and the establishment and operation of the first state primary schools in the wider Bosnian Krupa area. The development of school conditions in the area of Bosanska Krupa during the Ottoman rule did not differ from other parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina. For the needs of the Muslim population, sibjan mektebs were opened, somewhat later ruždija and madrasas, and for the needs of Orthodox children of the Orthodox primary school. Orthodox primary schools in the Bosnian Krupa area were first opened in Jasenica, Bosanska Krupa and Velika Rujiška. The Austro-Hungarian government also encountered an extremely high level of illiteracy in the area of Bosanska Krupa and its surroundings. At the end of the Ottoman rule, the illiteracy of the population was more than 95%. In addition, the regular educational process was very often interrupted by various infectious diseases that affected this area, as evidenced by numerous historical sources. There was also a great lack of professional teaching staff. A large number of students who are old enough to start school, the need for education of children of immigrant foreigners, etc. it was a sufficient signal to the competent authorities that a state primary school be established in Bosanska Krupa as well. In the villages around Bosanska Krupa, state primary schools opened relatively late. In the period from 1887 to 1913, public primary schools began operating in Otoka, Veliki Radić, Hasanbegova Jasenica, Ivanjska, Vranjska, Hasani and Bužim. However, in the year of establishment of certain schools, e.g. Otoka, Veliki Radić and Hasanbegova Jasenica there are differences between researchers. The Orthodox population was far more in favor of opening interfaith primary schools in their communities than the Muslim population, despite the fact that the Austro-Hungarian authorities, where possible, regulated the formation of special women's classes in public primary schools. The year 1880 marked a turning point in the development of education in the wider Bosnian Krupa area. That year, the People's Primary School in Bosanska Krupa started operating, which operated throughout the Austro-Hungarian period. However, certain researchers claim that this educational institution began operating in 1884 and 1885, respectively. It was one of the main educational centers and a nursery for numerous cultural and educational activities in this area.


Author(s):  
Olha Yeromenko

The article raises the topical issue of training competitive professionals capable of working under modern market conditions. The transition to market relations changes the education policy and the system of educational services provision. The professional destiny of a future manager and the success rate of an educational institution depend on the quality of providing educational services to graduate students specialised in educational institution management. The purpose of the article is to analyse the results of a survey of graduate students aimed at determining the status of educational services given within the specialty 073 "Management" (specialization "Educational Institution Management") in various higher education institutions of Ukraine. Monitoring the state of the educational services provided to graduate students majoring in educational institution management has been carried out on the basis of general scientific and empirical cognition methods: comprehensive study of quality training of master-course students, observation, survey in the form of questionnaires, analysis of graduate students’ responses, analogy. The criteria enabling graduate students to assess the quality of educational services provided by higher education institutions have been defined: the fundamental nature of training; level of knowledge and experience of teaching staff; organization of the educational process; culture and communication level of teachers; reaction of teachers and administration of higher education institution to further demands of graduate students, etc. On the basis of the analysis and generalisation of the processed material, the basic demands of master-course students majoring in educational institution management for increase in the level of educational services have been defined: decrease in theorising of educational material; practice orientation; increase in the use of interactive teaching methods by teachers; expansion of the list of optional courses; increase in opportunities for individual counselling at a convenient time; involvement of leading specialists, experts, experienced educational institution managers in teaching; improvement of facilities and resources of an institution; increase in the level of additional educational services provision in higher education institutions. According to the results of the study, it has been concluded that it is necessary to establish a flexible system of training master-course students majoring in educational institution management.


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