scholarly journals НАУЧНОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ в 1990-е – НАЧАЛЕ 2000-х гг.: КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ И ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
А.Ю. Полунов
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Subjective Factor ◽  
Ethnic Policy ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

В статье рассматривается процесс выработки концептуальных и институциональных основ научного обеспечения государственной национальной политики в постсоветский период. Отмечается, что необходимость разработки новых подходов к анализу этнополитических процессов, совершенствования механизмов научной экспертизы была связана с резким обострением межэтнической напряженности в конце 1980-х – начале 1990-х гг. В новых условиях выдвигались концепции, подчеркивавшие значительную роль субъективного фактора в определении этнических идентичностей, возможность смены самоидентификации, изменчивость межгрупповых границ. Делался акцент на необходимость формирования гражданской нации, объединяющей россиян независимо от этнической и конфессиональной принадлежности. Идеи, связанных с указанными положениями, нашли отражение в основополагающих государственных актах Российской Федерации – Конституции 1993 г., Концепции государственной национальной политики. Воплотить в жизнь новые принципы должен был ряд законов, в частности, закон о национально-культурных автономиях 1996 г. Вместе с тем острые дискуссии в академическом сообществе по вопросу о природе этничности, постепенное снижение интереса властей к регулированию межэтнических отношений затруднили выстраивание эффективной системы научного обоснования государственной национальной политики. Существенные позитивные сдвиги в этой области происходят только в 2010-е гг. The article examines the institutional mechanisms and conceptual foundations of the scientific support of the state national policy in the post-Soviet period. The need to develop new approaches to the analysis of ethnopolitical processes and improve the mechanisms of scientific expertise was caused by the rise of interethnic tension in the late 1980s - early 1990s. The concepts proposed in the new situation emphasized the significant role of the subjective factor in ethnic identification, the possibility of changing self-identification, and the variability of intergroup boundaries. Emphasis was placed on forming a civil nation that would unite all Russians regardless of ethnicity and confessional affiliation. These ideas influenced important provisions of the fundamental state acts of the Russian Federation - the Constitution of 1993, the Concept of State Ethnic Policy. A number of laws were supposed to implement the new principles, particularly the 1996 Law on national and cultural autonomies. At the same time, heated discussions in the academic community on the nature of ethnicity, the gradual decline of the authorities' interest in regulating interethnic relations made it difficult to build an effective system of scientific support of the state ethnic policy. Significant positive shifts in this area took place only in the 2010s.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF A CULTURE OF INTER-ETHNIC RELATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERNIZATION OF PUBLIC CONSCIOUSNESS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MODERN TURKESTAN REGION)

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Т. Kashkinbayeva ◽  
◽  
S.S. Korganova ◽  
B.А. Gabdulina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The Republic

This article is devoted to the analysis of the factors contributing to the formation of the culture of interethnic relations in the conditions of modernization of public consciousness. To reveal the topic, the statistical data of Turkestan region on ethnic composition were used, the role and importance of the Assembly of people of Kazakhstan and ethno-cultural associations in strengthening interethnic harmony in the region were considered. At the end of the conclusions and suggestions. This article is devoted to the study of the role of ethno-cultural associations of Shymkent and Turkestan region in strengthening interethnic harmony. Ethno-cultural contacts and interethnic communications are shown, which are designed to explain the mechanism of development and functioning of modern ethnic processes, forms of translation and preservation of their ethno-cultural experience. The conclusion that the history and national traditions must be taken into account in the Ethnopolitics of the state is substantiated. Ethno-cultural associations and houses of Friendship should conduct coordinated work in the field of culture, language, traditions, implementing the national policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan

scholarly journals ЦЕННОСТНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ КАЗАХСТАНСКОЙ МОДЕЛИ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО СОГЛАСИЯ И НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ЕДИНСТВА

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11(51)) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Наталья Калашникова ◽  
Жулдызай Искакова ◽  
Айсана Кахарман ◽  
Ван Лулу
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Institution ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ethnic Policy

The Republic of Kazakhstan is a multi-ethnic state, which is home to more than 100 ethnic groups and more than 20 confessions. The study of the main directions of the state ethnic policy of Kazakhstan, the formation of a model of social development, the study of value potential, as well as the identification of new trends consolidating society, is an urgent task for scientists and researchers not only from Kazakhstan, but also from other countries. The article focuses on the modern agenda, the study and development of eth-no-political processes in the country and the world, models of national policy of different countries, its fun-damental and value bases. For Kazakhstan's society, the key role in maintaining stability, strengthening na-tional unity and public agreement is played by the Assembly of people of Kazakhstan, which is a unique socio-political institution with a constitutional status clearly defined by legislative regulation.

scholarly journals On the eve of the decay of the USSR: the history of one discussion.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-48
Author(s):  
Nikolay F. Bugay ◽  
◽  
Tatiana S. Bushueva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
The State ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Subsequent Period ◽  
History Of

Introduction. An analysis of the materials of the proposed meeting makes it possible to replenish knowledge about such an important and difficult period in the history of the USSR in the late 1980s and in the subsequent period of development of statehood. Undoubtedly, in one way or another, the participants in the meeting referred to the situation and its assessments at that time. In their speeches, there was an attempt to understand the complex socio-political situation, to give an objective assessment of the transformations that took place in many spheres of the life of the state, its economy, culture, the state of society as a whole, relations between peoples in the state. The authors of the article attach particular importance to this historical moment. Aiming to partially reflect the situation in the state, relying on the presented materials of the meeting of directors of branches of one of the leading centers of Marxism-Leninism (IML), which operated under the Central Committee of the CPSU until November 1991. Research methods. On the basis of well-known methods of historical research, analysis of sources, scientific works of predecessors on the history of the Soviet state, measures of the party and social movements [1-18], materials of speeches by the participants of the meeting (a group of public and political figures) in the named time frame (April 1989), it became possible to reconstruct and supplement historical knowledge of the events and difficulties of the late 1980s. Society experienced them during the period under review in the Soviet Union. Results. The convocation of a meeting at the Institute of Marxism-Leninism in April 1989 also made it possible, on the fresh trail, to assess the complex socio-political situation in the USSR, associated with the difficulties of the economic development of the state. The participants of the meeting considered the principles of the emerging contradictions on ethnic grounds, exacerbation of interethnic relations. The participants in the meeting analyzed the reasons for the contradictions that arose and the aggravation of the national policy. The authors also analyzed the shortcomings of methods of managing national processes in society, the emergence of the possibility of transition to the principle of regulating this aspect of society's life, to the creation of new social technologies for arranging the life of the peoples of the country, and democratization of social relations. The solution of these tasks fell on the subsequent period of development of statehood – the 1990–2000s. Conclusions. The content of the speeches by the participants in the conference – representatives of the party and political movements who were developing the theory of building a multinational state based on the principles of broad democracy – testifies to how difficult the situation with the political component of society was. An analysis of various aspects of this process allows us to reveal the imperfection of many forms and methods of work to consolidate the multinational community, its mobilization for progressive development. The materials of the meeting are at the same time a meaningful source for studying the history of this period of Soviet statehood. The conclusion was suggested by the participants themselves. “All of us – both politicians and scientists – should take into account that national movements do not remain the province of history, that is, do not remain in the past. They exist today, and perhaps they will exist for a long time, and we must learn to treat them calmly, patiently and delicately” (G.R. Simonyan). “It is necessary to create a special research institute that would study interethnic relations and their problems” (D.G. Sturua).

scholarly journals Identity politics as the basis for interethnic accord in a multiethnic region (on the example of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug)

2020 ◽  
pp. 178-199
Author(s):  
Mikhail Martynov ◽  
Viktoria Purtova
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Identity Policy

The article attempts to identify the correlation between the state of interethnic accord in the region and the conceptual foundations of the identity policy on the example of such a multinational region of the Russian Federation with increased migration attractiveness as Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Ugra. Bringing out the two main types of identities – ethnopolitical and macropolitical – the authors draw attention to the fact that in the justification of each type stand the interests of groups in real policy and the scientific tradition as well. Appealing to this or that concept is defined both by the conservatism of these traditions and by political circumstances. The definition of interethnic harmony is proposed in the article. The empirical basis of the research are the results of sociological surveys conducted under the leadership of the authors in 2018–2019, secondary analysis of the results of sociological research conducted in 2014–2015 in the region, as well as data from official statistics. The method of cluster analysis of data obtained from the sociological survey on the territories of municipal entities of the autonomous okrug was applied. The results of the sociological surveys make it possible to establish a correlation between the respondents' assessment of the state of interethnic relations and the activities of political actors in the sphere of identity policy. The cross-temporal comparison of identity policy conducted in the region in the 2010 s, showed that, the policy based on national-state (macropolitical) identity to ensure interethnic accord was more effective. The Russian regions are multiethnic in composition. Therefore, the study of the conceptual foundations of the formation of interethnic accord by means of identity policy on the example of such a multiethnic region with high migration attractivness, as Ugra, is relevant.

scholarly journals Sociological measurement of the effectiveness of state national policy in the Russian region: Theory and practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Ivchenkov ◽  
◽  
Yaroslav A. Nikiforov ◽  
Olga A. Romanovskaya ◽  
Svetlana V. Sitnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Russian Region ◽  
Region Theory

The article is devoted to measuring the effectiveness of the state national policy in Saratov region by means of using sociological methods and practices. The most commonly used method of obtaining social information in such studies was the combination of quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (expert survey) methods. The study revealed a number of trends in the development of the ethno-confessional situation in Saratov region. The results of the mass survey indicate a low and increasingly declining level of both national and religious conflicts in Saratov region. One of the indicators of religious and national tolerance is the characterization of emotional expression towards the representatives of different beliefs and nationalities. The analysis of these data confirms the above-described trends. A general assessment of the dynamics of interethnic relations in Saratov region also allows to speak about stability. The survey of experts made it possible to more thoroughly analyze the state of ethno-confessional relations and state national policy in this field. The significant differences in the general assessments of inter-ethnic relations in the regional context, public organizations and authorities in the field of the implementation of ethno-confessional policy between the respondents-representatives of authorities and the respondents-representatives of public organizations and the scientific community were revealed. The fundamental agreement was achieved on the current state of interethnic relations in Saratov region regarding the ethno-political situation on the part of the state authorities. The modern ethnopolitical situation is assessed as a stable and relatively calm one.

scholarly journals Implementation of the state national policy of the Russian Federation in the Finno-Ugric Republics, the subjects of the Russian Federation: evolution of approaches and practices (2000–2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor V. Bakhlov ◽  
Olga V. Bakhlova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Two Stages

Introduction. The special sensitivity of the ethno-national sphere to fluctuations in politics, increased vulnerability to destructive influence, negative historical experience of politicization of ethnicity elevate it to one of the priorities of the work of Federal and regional state bodies. The object of this study is the state national policy of the Russian Federation, the subject is the process and instruments of its implementation in the Finno-Ugric Republics in the Russian Federation, taking into account the state and dynamics of the system of Federal relations. The main tasks are to identify the stages of the evolution of approaches and management practices; to characterize the content and guidelines of official documents; to determine the essence and direction of changes in the considered perspective. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the normative and conceptual-program documents of the Federal and regional levels in state national policy of the Russian Federation, materials posted on the official websites of the state authorities of the Finno-Ugric Republics that are the subjects of the Russian Federation. The main research methods are system, comparative and diachronic analysis, non-formalized traditional analysis of documents and the method of political diagnostics. Results and Discussion. The study of a set of documentary and theoretical sources allowed us to trace the dynamics of approaches and practices of the Finno-Ugric Republics in the implementation of the state national policy of the Russian Federation. Attention was focused on two stages: the periods of 2000-2012 and 2012-2018, with a historical retrospection into the post-Soviet period. It shows the experience and correlation of initiatives and actions of Federal and regional level; compares research feedbacks; reveals key trends in modification of programs and target tools. Conclusion. The experience of the Finno-Ugric Republics in the Russian Federation demonstrates a significant coincidence with the all-Russian trend of the Patriotic-state approach, with certain nuances arising from the specifics of the ethnodemographic situation, the resource potential of regions and political elites and, to a lesser extent from their location.

scholarly journals Influence of the Current Ethnopolitical Situation on the State of International Relations in the Republic of Bashkortostan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Midhatovich Nugumanov
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Political Tension ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Protest Activity

The article examines the influence of factors of social, political tension on interethnic relations in the region. The relationship was established between the type of region of the country (national republic), protest activity and key approaches within the framework of national policy.

scholarly journals INTERETHNIC RELATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN: STATUS AND TRENDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-163
Author(s):  
M M Shakhbanova
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Status And Trends ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Interethnic Communication

Interethnic relations in the post-Soviet Dagestan society are not stable. A complex of unsolved socio-economic, political, spiritual, and personnel problems, which generally negatively affect the interethnic climate especially in polyethnic administrative formations, contributes to the deterioration of the state of interethnic interactions of the Dagestan peoples. Basing on the results of the sociological survey carried out in the republic to study the state of interethnic tension, the author of the article shows the origin of interethnic conflicts on ethnic grounds in some settlements or municipal formations as the result of the change in the vectors of development of interethnic relations in the modern Dagestan society. In the author’s opinion, the main problem is inability of the republican authorities to prevent effectively interethnic tension in the relations between peoples. The results of the study show that the respondents emphasize the growth of interethnic tension and deterioration of the interethnic climate, but, in spite of this, Dagestan peoples are eager to maintain positive interethnic communication. In the situation of exacerbation of interethnic relations, the state authorities of the republic are to pursue national policy aimed at maintaining interethnic harmony and stability in Dagestan.

scholarly journals Language rights and education of the small numbered indigenous peoples of the European North of Russia: from the Soviet period to modern time

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 00035
Author(s):  
Vadim Atnashev ◽  
Art Leete ◽  
Natalya Komelina ◽  
Arina Bildyug ◽  
Elena Eltc
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
The Status ◽  
Indigenous Minorities

The article examines the experience of Russian constituent entities (Murmansk region, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Archangelsk Oblast) in the support of indigenous ethnocultural rights in the context of current models for protection of minority languages and initiatives in the field of education. The contemporary scene of interaction between the state and indigenous minorities in the region is considered from a historical perspective. Special attention is paid to the early decades of the Soviet regime when key discussions concerning the status, way of integration with the state and direction of cultural development were established. The cultural bases and boarding schools, collectivization, forced relocations contributed to the construction of social reality of indigenous peoples which we can observe in the post-Soviet period. The specificity of modern transformation in the sphere of language and life of the reindeer herders are discussed in the context of the everyday practices of the interethnic relations of the Nenets and the Pomors of the Kanin peninsula and the northern parts of Mezen Region.

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