scholarly journals Diabetic Uterine Environment Leads to Disorders in Metabolism of Offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Zhe Dong ◽  
Qian-Nan Li ◽  
Li-Hua Fan ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Wei Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Gestational Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
Offspring Health ◽  
Weight Trajectories

AimsResearch evidence indicates that epigenetic modifications of gametes in obese or diabetic parents may contribute to metabolic disorders in offspring. In the present study, we sought to address the effect of diabetic uterine environment on the offspring metabolism.MethodsType 2 diabetes mouse model was induced by high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ) administration. We maintained other effect factors constant and changed uterine environment by zygote transfers, and then determined and compared the offspring numbers, symptoms, body weight trajectories, and metabolism indices from different groups.ResultWe found that maternal type 2 diabetes mice had lower fertility and a higher dystocia rate, accompanying the increased risk of offspring malformations and death. Compared to only a pre-gestational exposure to hyperglycemia, exposure to hyperglycemia both pre- and during pregnancy resulted in offspring growth restriction and impaired metabolism in adulthood. But there was no significant difference between a pre-gestational exposure group and a no exposure group. The deleterious effects, no matter bodyweight or glucose tolerance, could be rescued by transferring the embryos from diabetic mothers into normal uterine environment.ConclusionOur data demonstrate that uterine environment of maternal diabetes makes critical impact on the offspring health.

scholarly journals Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamia Oulkadi ◽  
Bouchra Amine ◽  
Imane El binoune ◽  
Samira Rostom ◽  
Rachid Bahiri
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Osteoporosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis are chronic diseases with increasing prevalence. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture in women with T2DM and to identify predictive factors of fracture occurrence. The prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures in postmenopausal women with T2DM was 23.1% and 16.9%, respectively. 46.2% of T2DM patients had normal bone mineral density (BMD) (P<0.01) and 58.5% of control subjects had osteopenia (P<0.01). Incidence of fracture in T2DM patients with osteopenia was significantly increased versus control subjects when stratified according the BMD (P=0.009). By stratifying T2DM patients according to fractures, factors that were significantly associated with occurrence included T2DM duration (P=0.038), use of insulin (P=0.017), and lower BMD (P=0.048). Our study suggests that there was a higher prevalence of fracture in T2DM patients compared to control subjects and a significant difference in BMD was found between the groups. We also showed that insulin use, low BMD, and long duration of T2DM are factors associated with an increased risk of bone fracture.

scholarly journals CRP Gene Polymorphism and Their Risk Association With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Hakim Bahlok Jebur ◽  
Mirza Masroor ◽  
Hafiz Ahmad ◽  
Naushad Ahmad Khan ◽  
Juheb Akther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Allele Specific

BACKGROUND: C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker associated with T2DM, obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease. AIM: The present study evaluates the association of CRP +1059 G/C polymorphism of the CRP gene in 100 T2D cases and 100 healthy controls. METHODS: Present study was done by allele specific PCR method to study the CRP gene polymorphism in study subjects. RESULTS: Study found that CRP (+1059 G/C) genotype distribution among case and controls was found to be significant (p=0.001), Higher CRP C allele frequency (0.16) was observed compared to controls (0.04). CRP +1059 GC and CC had 2.72 (1.12-6.61), 20.56 (1.16-362.1) risk for T2D. It has been observed, HTN, Obesity, Smoking and alcoholism was found to be associated with increased risk of T2D, and a significant difference was observed in biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION: Study concluded that CRP gene polymorphism was found to be associated with risk of Type 2 Diabetes and risk was linked with heterozygosity and mutant homozygosity. Hypertension, Obesity, Smoking and alcoholism increases the risk of occurrence of Type 2 Diabetes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Transcription Factor 7 like 2 polymorphisms and haplotypes in risk of Type 2 Diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Saravani ◽  
Zahra Irani ◽  
Hamid Reza Galavi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽  
Chronic Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mutation System ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic disorder with different genetics and environmental factors. It is one of growing diseases in the world. Previous studies show association between Transcription Factor 7 Like2 (TCF7L2) and T2D. The current study set to evaluate the relation between TCF7L2 polymorphisms and T2D in Southeast Iran. The present case-control study was done on 250 T2D and 250 healthy controls (HCs). For genotyping polymorphisms TCF7L2 (rs11196205) and (rs4132670) Amplification-Refractory Mutation System-Polymers Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR) was used. The results showed frequency rates of GC and CC genotypes increased in patients compared to controls (31% vs. 6% and 55% vs. 8%, respectively), showing a statistically significant difference (OR=2.67(1.37-5.21), P<0.05 and OR=3.31(1.92-5.71), P< 0.05, respectively). The C allele was associated with an increased risk of T2D, with the frequency of 28% and 11% in patients and controls, respectively (OR=3.11 (2.22-4.37), P< 0.05). Another Polymorphism of this gene TCF7L2 (rs4132670) was not associated with T2D. Furthermore, the haplotype analysis revealed that rs11196205C/rs4132670C and rs11196205C/rs4132670T are risk factors against T2D (OR=2.08 (1.49-2.86, P<0.05 and OR=1.72 (1.06-2.78) P<0.05, respectively). The findings demonstrated that TCF7L2 (rs11196205) genotypes GC, CC, and allele (C) confer risk for susceptibility to T2D.

scholarly journals To study association of Neutrophil- Lymphocyte ratio with vascular complications in Type-2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Shilpa Tumkur Andane Gowda ◽  
Shahari Hegde Kusumakar ◽  
Raveendra Kodur Ramamurthy ◽  
Rohith Maraludevanapura Govindaiah
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Diabetes is a pro-thrombotic state associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis and inflammation. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) provides information about early and subclinical inflammation and thus may act as a prognostic marker for vascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Aims and Objective: To analyze the correlation between Neutrophil- Lymphocyte ratio in diabetics with and without vascular complications. Materials and Methods: A total of 111 patients admitted in Victoria hospital and Bowring & Lady Curzon hospital attached to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute from NOV 2018 to MAY 2020 were studied. The data was collected according to the proforma in terms of history, clinical examination and the necessary investigations. NLR was observed in type 2 diabetic patients and was compared in those with complications and without complications. Results: The NLR was higher in diabetics with vascular complications compared to those without complications, 2.8 ± 0.7 fl versus 6.8 ± 3.1 fl (P< 0.001), respectively. In this study, Mean N (%), In No Vascular Complications was 61.7 ± 10.6 and with vascular complications was 79.9 ± 9.5. Mean L (%) in No Vascular Complications was 23.7 ± 5.8. Mean N (%), In No Vascular Complications was 61.7 ± 10.6 and with vascular complications was 79.9 ± 9.5. There was a significant difference in mean N (%) mean L (%) and NLR in comparison with respect to Complications. Conclusion: This study showed significantly higher NLR in diabetic patients with vascular complications. Hence, NLR can be used as a simple parameter to assess the vascular complications in diabetes.

scholarly journals Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and risk for genitourinary infections in older adults with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204209862199770
Author(s):  
Navya Varshney ◽  
Sarah J. Billups ◽  
Joseph J. Saseen ◽  
Cy W. Fixen
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Real World ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and aims: Although landmark clinical trials have demonstrated an increased risk for genitourinary infection (GUI) after initiation of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) therapy that led to an FDA label warning, real world findings have been inconsistent and evidence specifically in older adults is lacking. The objective of the study was to examine the incidence of GUI in patients aged 65 years or older initiated on SGLT2i compared with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1-RA) therapy at a large academic health system. Methods: A retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted using electronic health records of patients aged 65 years and older with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients newly initiated on SGLT2i or GLP1-RA therapy with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ⩾30 mL/min per 1.73 m² and active within the health system for at least 1 year prior to initiation were included. We compared the incidence of inpatient, emergency room, or outpatient diagnosis of GUI (bacterial and mycotic) within 6 months of SGLT2i or GLP1-RA initiation. A chi-square or Fisher’s exact test were used to analyze between-group differences for categorical variables, while a t-test was used for continuous variables. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the impact of confounding variables on the primary outcome. Results: One hundred and thirty-three patients were initiated on SGLT2i therapy and 341 patients newly initiated on GLP1-RA therapy. After adjusting for differences in age, A1c, body mass index, eGFR, race and sex, there was no statistically significant difference in GUI incidence within 6 months of SGLT2i versus GLP1-RA initiation (3.8% versus 6.5%, adjusted hazard ratio: 0.784, 95% confidence interval 0.260–2.367). Conclusion: We found no increased risk of composite GUI within 6 months of initiating SGLT2i compared with GLP1-RA therapy. These real-world data in older adults add to previous findings, which suggest no increased risk of urinary tract infection with SGLT2i initiation. Plain language summary A class of antidiabetic medications and risk for genitourinary infections in older adults with type 2 diabetes Older adults with type 2 diabetes often benefit from a class of antidiabetic medications known as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) which help to lower blood glucose, decrease risk for cardiovascular disease and prevent kidney disease progression. However, there is concern that these medications may increase risk for urinary tract infections and/or genital fungal infections in older adults based on clinical trial evidence. Our study evaluated the real-world occurrence of these safety events in patients aged 65 years or older who were newly started on these medications. We compared these patients with a group of patients newly started on an alternative class of antidiabetic agents which are not expected to increase risk for infections, known as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA). In our study, we included 133 patients who started an SGLT2i and 341 patients who started a GLP1-RA at a large teaching hospital. We evaluated the occurrence of infection up to 6 months after initiation of these mediations. We found no significant difference in infection rate between these two groups. We conclude in the study that the use of SGLT2i in older adults was not associated with increased risk for urinary tract infections or genital fungal infections when compared with GLP1-RA use.

scholarly journals Association between serum fibroblast growth factor 21 level and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e002126
Author(s):  
Shi Jin ◽  
Ning Xia ◽  
Lingling Han
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fgf21 Level

IntroductionWe conducted this cross-sectional study to explore the relationship between serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) level and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR).Research design and methodsA total of 654 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was evaluated by the bilateral retinal photography, and patients were assigned into groups of no DR (NDR) (n=345, 52.75%), non-sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (NSTDR) (n=207, 31.65%), involving patients with mild or moderate non-proliferative retinopathy (NPDR) and STDR (n=102, 15.60%), including those with severe NPDR or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Serum FGF21 levels were quantified by a sandwich ELISA. Patients were divided into quartiles according to their serum FGF21 level.ResultsThere was a significant difference in serum FGF21 level among the three groups of patients (p<0.01). Compared with other quartiles (Q1–Q3), the patients in Q4 had a higher prevalence of DR and STDR (p<0.05). Compared with Q1, a positive association was observed between serum FGF21 level and DR in Q3 and Q4 (p<0.01). After adjusting for age, gender and other risk factors, serum FGF21 level in Q4 was found to be associated with increased risk of DR and STDR (p<0.01). Serum FGF21 level was noted as an independent risk factor for DR and STDR (p<0.01). Serum FGF21 level >478.76 pg/mL suggested the occurrence of DR and that level >554.69 pg/mL indicated STDR (p<0.01).ConclusionsSerum FGF21 level was a biomarker for the risk of developing DR or STDR. The risk of STDR increased when the serum FGF21 level of patients with type 2 diabetes was >554.69 pg/mL.

scholarly journals The Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Morbid Events in Type 2 Diabetes after a 7-Year Community Management: Beijing Community Diabetes Study 17

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Guang-Ran Yang ◽  
Ming-Xia Yuan ◽  
Han-Jing Fu ◽  
Gang Wan ◽  
Dongmei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Cumulative Prevalence

Background. To examine the association between morbid events and metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. A prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study was conducted at 13 community health centers associated with Beijing Tongren Hospital. From 2008 to 2015, there have been 3,525 T2DM patients being managed based on the Chinese guideline for T2DM. The morbid events included macrovascular events, diabetic kidney disease, ophthalmologic events, cancer, and all-cause death. Results. At baseline, there were 2,708 people with MS and 817 without MS. After a seven-year management, there were 351 (12.96%) events in MS people and 74 (9.06%) events in people without MS (p=0.003). The prevalence of macrovascular events (6.06%) was much higher in MS people than in people without MS (3.79%, p=0.013). Cox regression analysis showed an association between MS and morbid events even after adjusting for confounding variables (adjusted hazard ratio=1.44). MS was also associated with macrovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio=1.96). The occurrence of morbid events and macrovascular events was increased when the numbers of metabolic abnormalities were 1, 2, 3, and 4 (p<0.001). There was no continuously statistically significant difference in the cumulative prevalence of morbid events between patients with MS and patients without MS during the first five years. However, after six or seven years, the cumulative prevalence of morbid events in patients with MS was continuously significantly higher than that in patients without MS (11.00% vs. 8.20%, 12.96% vs. 9.06%, p<0.05). Conclusions. T2DM with MS had higher incidence of morbid events, especially cardiovascular events, even after integrated management. The occurrence of morbid and macrovascular events increased as the number of metabolic abnormalities increased. MS was associated with increased risk of morbid events by 44% and macrovascular events by 96%. It would take at least six years to observe the association between MS and morbid events in T2DM.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF MTHFR A1298C GENE VARIANT, DNA DAMAGE, AND TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT STATUS WITH THE RISK OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS COMPLICATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Nithya K ◽  
Isabel W ◽  
Angeline T ◽  
Priscilla A.s. ◽  
Asirvatham A.j.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Mthfr A1298c ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Objectives: We have examined the association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene A1298C variant, DNA damage, and total antioxidant status (TAS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with and without complications and in healthy controls.Methods: A total of 300 subjects including 100 patients with complications, 100 patients without complications, and 100 controls were included. TAS was assessed by ferric reducing ability of plasma assay. DNA damage was analyzed in lymphocytes using the comet assay. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed to study the MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphism among the study subjects.Results: The results revealed that the MTHFR 1298 AC+CC genotypes were associated with increased risk (2 fold) for diabetes and its complications. When the effect of DNA damage was analyzed, significant differences between individuals with mutant and normal genotype among the diabetic patients (with and without complications) was observed (p≤0.001). In contrary, no significant difference was found between TAS and 1298 genotypes (AA vs. AC+CC) in Type 2 diabetes patients (with and without complications), p=0.338. We also found a significant difference between the genotypes of the MTHFR A1298C and DNA damage, TAS in T2DM patients (with & without complications) when compared to controls, p<0.001.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphism is considered as a risk factor for the development of diabetes and its complications among south Indians. Therefore, increased DNA damage and decreased TAS along with the occurrence of a mutant genotype in an individual with diabetes may be at an increased risk for the development of chronic complications.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Diabetes in Autistic Persons: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-225
Author(s):  
Samuel Tromans ◽  
Guiqing Yao ◽  
Regi Alexander ◽  
Elizabeta Mukaetova-Ladinska ◽  
Reza Kiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: It has been proposed that autistic individuals are at an increased risk of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Improved understanding of diabetes prevalence in autistic persons will help inform resource allocation for diabetes-related public health measures for this patient group. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of published literature pertaining to type 1 and type 2 diabetes prevalence in autistic individuals, including comparison with their non-autistic peers. Methods: Eligibility criteria included studies investigating the prevalence of diabetes in autistic individuals, as well as having been published in the English language. A systematic search of online databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE and PubMed) was conducted on 4th April 2020. Additional approaches included the ancestry method, grey literature searches and expert consultation. Studies were qualitatively analysed with reporting quality appraised. Results: 19 eligible studies were identified, 7 of which provided type-specific diabetes prevalence data. Of 15 studies that included a non-autistic control group, 9 reported a higher diabetes prevalence among autistic persons, with a statistically significant difference in 4 studies. Studies demonstrating a higher diabetes prevalence in autistic groups had higher average study population sizes and reporting quality ratings. Conclusion: It is uncertain whether diabetes is significantly more prevalent in autistic persons relative to their non-autistic peers, though larger studies suggest a trend in this direction. Nevertheless, diabetes is a significant public health issue for the autistic community, which may require a tailored approach for identification and management. Prospero database registration number: CRD42019122176.

scholarly journals Arginase Gene Polymorphism Increases Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 5407
Author(s):  
Monika Buraczynska ◽  
Izabela Zakrocka
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Arginase 1 ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Studies have demonstrated that polymorphic variants of arginase 1 gene (ARG1) are involved in human diseases, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes. Our study aimed to investigate the association between ARG1 rs2781666 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. Polymorphism was genotyped in 740 T2DM patients and 400 healthy individuals. A significant difference in the genotype distribution was observed between the patients and the controls. The T allele and TT genotype were associated with an increased risk of T2DM (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.14–1.72, p = 0.001 and OR 2.16, 95% CI1.23–3.80, p = 0.007, respectively). When the T2DM subjects were stratified into DR+ and DR− subgroups, the T allele and TT genotype frequencies were significantly higher in the DR+ group compared to the DR− group, demonstrating OR 1.68 (1.33–2.12), p < 0.0001 and OR 2.39 (1.36–4.18), p = 0.002, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the interaction between the ARG1 genotypes and other risk factors. Only ARG1 rs2781666 SNP was a significant risk predictor of DR (p = 0.003). In conclusion, this is the first report discussing the effect of ARG1 polymorphism on the microvascular complications that are associated with diabetes. Our findings demonstrate that ARG1 rs2781666 SNP is significantly associated with an increased susceptibility to DR in T2DM patients.

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