scholarly journals Cucurbituril Ameliorates Liver Damage Induced by Microcystis aeruginosa in a Mouse Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na'il Saleh ◽  
Saad Al-Jassabi ◽  
Ali H. Eid ◽  
Werner M. Nau
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Cyclic Heptapeptide ◽  
Liver Enlargement ◽  
Dose Tolerance

Microcystis aeruginosa is a cyanobacterium that produces a variety of cyclic heptapeptide toxins in freshwater. The protective effects of the macromolecular container cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) were evaluated using mouse models of cyanotoxin-induced liver damage. Biochemical analysis of liver function was performed to gauge the extent of liver damage after exposure to cyanobacterial crude extract [CCE; LD50 = 35 mg/kg body weight; intraperitoneal (i.p.)] in the absence or presence of CB7 (35 mg/kg body weight, i.p.). CCE injection resulted in liver enlargement, potentiated the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), increased lipid peroxidation (LPO), and reduced protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity. CCE-induced liver enlargement, ALT and GST activities, and LPO were significantly reduced when CB7 was coadministered. Moreover, the CCE-induced decline of PP1 activity was also ameliorated in the presence of CB7. Treatment with CB7 alone did not affect liver function, which exhibited a dose tolerance of 100 mg/kg body wt. Overall, our results illustrated that the addition of CB7 significantly reduced CCE-induced hepatotoxicity (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Humic Acid as an Aflatoxin Binder in Broiler Chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Yaser Arafat ◽  
Sohail Hassan Khan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Serum Biochemical

AbstractThe efficacy of humic acid (HA) as an aflatoxin (AF) binder in broiler chickens exposed to aflatoxin- contaminated feed from 1 to 42 days of age was assessed. A total of 200 birds were assigned to 20 pens, with 10 birds per pen. The following treatments (T) were applied: T1: basal diet (B); T2: B + AFB1(100 μg/kg); T3: B + AFB1(100 μg/kg) + HA (0.1%); T4: B +AFB1 (100 μg/kg) + HA (0.2%); T5: B + AFB1 (100 μg/kg) + HA (0.3%). Each treatment consisted of 4 replicates. Oxihumate was effective in diminishing the adverse effects caused by aflatoxin on body weight (BW) of broilers (P<0.05). Humic acid also showed protective effects against liver damage and some of the hematological and serum biochemical changes associated with aflatoxin toxicity (P<0.05). The supplementation of HA also enhanced the humoral immunity by counteracting the aflatoxin contamination. Results indicated that HA could alleviate some of the toxic effects of aflatoxin in growing broilers. Humic acid (0.1 to 0.3%) might, therefore, prove to be beneficial in the management of aflatoxin-contaminated feedstuffs for poultry when used in combination with other mycotoxin management practices.

Protective mechanisms of protocatechuic acid against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat model

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olorunfemi R. Molehin ◽  
Anne A. Adeyanju ◽  
Stephen A. Adefegha ◽  
Ajibade O. Oyeyemi ◽  
Kehinde A. Idowu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

AbstractBackgroundDoxorubicin (DOX) induces toxicity in many tissues/organs, including the heart, kidney and so on. This study was designed to evaluate the modulatory effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) against DOX-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Animals were randomly grouped into five groups.MethodsGroup 1 served as the normal control (CTR). A single dose of DOX at 20 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to animals in Group 2. Groups 3 and 4 were pretreated with PCA for 5 days (doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight, respectively) after which DOX was injected (PCA-10 + DOX and PCA-20 + DOX). Group 5 received PCA only at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight (PCA-20).ResultsThe results revealed significant elevations (p < 0.05) in malondialdehyde content, expressions of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in the kidney. Likewise, increased serum levels of creatinine and urea of DOX group were observed. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in glutathione (GSH) level and antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione s- transferase (GST) activities in the kidney were observed compared with the control. Pretreatment with PCA (10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) for 5 days prior to the i.p. injection of DOX reduced MDA levels, modulated iNOS and COX2 activities and improved kidney function markers as well as oxidative stress parameters. Findings from the histopathology studies confirms the protective effects of PCA on DOX-induced damage on the kidney cells.ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of PCA, which could be part of its possible protective mechanisms against nephrotoxicity induced by DOX.

scholarly journals Effect of Terminalia Chebula (Haritaki) on Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alanine Aminotransferase in Paracetemol induced liver damage in Wister Albino Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Tania Yeasmin ◽  
Qazi Shamima Akhter ◽  
Syeda Tasfia Siddika ◽  
Fayeza Karim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Bonferroni Test

Background: Liver plays a major role in detoxification and excretion of many endogenous and exogenous compounds. Any injury may lead to severe liver damage and impairment of liver function. Harbal plants such as Terminalia chebula (Haritaki) may have free radical scavenging activity thereby can be used for the prevention and treatment of liver damage.Objective: To observe the effect of Terminalia chebula on paracetamol induced changes of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in Wister albino rats.Methods: This experimental study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from January to December’ 2013. Total 44 rats with age 90 to 120 days, weighing between 150 to 200 gm were selected. After acclimatization for 14 days, they were divided into base line control (BC, n=11), paracetamol treated control (PC, n=11),Terminalia chebula pretreated and paracetamol treated (TCP-PCT n=11) and paracetamol pretreated and Terminalia chebula treated group (PCP-TCT, n=11). All groups received basal diet for 21 consecutive days. In addition to basal diet, rats of BC received propylene glycol (2ml/kg body weight, orally) and PC received single dose of paracetamol suspension (750mg/kg body weight, orally) on 21st day. Rats of TCP-PCT received Terminalia chebula extract (200 mg/kg body weight, orally) for 21 consecutive days and paracetamol suspension (750mg/kg body weight, orally) on 21st day. Again, rats of PCP-TCT received paracetamol suspension (750mg/kg body weight, orally) on the 1st day and Terminalia chebula extract (200 mg/kg body weight orally) for 21 consecutive days. All rats were sacrificed on 22nd day and then blood samples were collected. For assessment of liver function serum AST and ALT levels were estimated by using standard laboratory kits. The statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni test as applicable.Results: The mean serum AST and ALT levels were significantly (p<0.001) higher in PC in comparison to those of BC. Serum AST and ALT levels of all experimental groups were significantly (P<0.001) lower than PC group. Conclusion: From the results of this study, it may be concluded that Terminalia chebula may have some hepatoprotective effects in paracetamol induced liver damage in rats.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2015, June; 10(1): 1-5

Vitamin C in CC14 Hepatotoxicity-A Preliminary Report

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ademuyiwa ◽  
O. Adesanya ◽  
O.R. Ajuwon
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Hepatotoxic Effect ◽  
Conjugated Bilirubin

1 The hepatotoxic effect of CC14 was studied in the rat by using 3 well established liver function tests (plasma glucose, bilirubin and proteins) as indices of hepatic integrity. 2 The protective effect of vitamin C against this hepatotoxicity was also investigated. 3 CC 14 (8 ml kg -1 body weight) caused a decrease in the levels of plasma conjugated bilirubin, glucose and protein. 4 Vitamin C (2 g kg -1 body weight) prevented liver damage induced by CC14. The possible mechanisms of protection are highlighted.

Farnesol prevents Fe-NTA-mediated renal oxidative stress and early tumour promotion markers in rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamanna Jahangir ◽  
Tajdar Husain Khan ◽  
Lakshmi Prasad ◽  
Sarwat Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Quinone Reductase ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Excess Iron ◽  
Tumour Promotion ◽  
Malondialdehyde Formation

Excess iron deposition in tissues leads to organ dysfunction and impairment. In this study, the protective effects of farnesol (FL), an isoprenoid, against Fe-NTA (9 mg iron/kg body weight i.p.)-induced oxidative damage and early tumour promotion markers are evaluated. The pretreatment of iron-intoxicated rats with 1% and 2%/kg body weight oral dose of FL for 7 consecutive days significantly reversed the iron-induced increase in H2O2 content (P <0.001), malondialdehyde formation, xanthine oxidase activity (P <0.001), ornithine decarboxylase activity (P <0.001) and 3[H]thymidine incorporation in renal DNA (P <0.005) with simultaneous significant depletion in serum toxicity markers blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (P <0.001). Significant dose-dependent restoration was recorded in renal glutathione content, its dependent enzymes and other phase II metabolizing enzymes viz., catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and quinone reductase (P <0.001) with prophylactic treatment of FL. Present results support that FL markedly lowers the oxidative damage and appearance of tumour markers, which precludes its development as a chemopreventive tool.

scholarly journals Ivermectin Protects against Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity in the Rat

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Rotimi O. Arise ◽  
Abimbola K. Arise ◽  
Oluwole I. Oyewole ◽  
Sylvia O. Malomo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Summary Monosodium glutamate (MSG), an established excitotoxic food additive, has been found to induce oxidative stress in all tissues. To examine the protective effects of ivermectin on MSG-induced excitotoxicity, 28 male albino rats were randomized into four groups. Group 1, the control, received 1 ml of oral distilled water, group 2 was administered an aqueous solution of MSG (4 mg/kg body weight/day). Group 3 was co-administered with the same dose of MSG and 0.4 mg/kg body weight of ivermectin, while group 4 rats received orally the same dose of MSG for 2 weeks, after which ivermectin was administered orally for 1 week. Administration of MSG orally for 21 days and for 14 days, followed by oral administration of ivermectin for 7 days, significantly increased (p < 0.05) glutathione-S-transferase, nitric oxide synthase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities as well as malondialdehyde and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations while Na+ - K+ - ATPase, Ca2+ - Mg2+ - ATPase, acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) compared to the control. However, co-administration of MSG and ivermectin for 21 days did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05) in all the parameters studied compared to the control. This result suggests that ivermectin may protect against MSG-induced excitotoxicity in rats.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Lipoxin A4 in Testis Injury following Testicular Torsion and Detorsion in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-Long Zhou ◽  
Qi-Sheng Yang ◽  
Shao-Zhou Ni ◽  
Xiao-Peng Tu ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Testicular Torsion ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Torsion Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Lipoxin A4 ◽  
Testicular Morphology

Purpose. To investigate the protective effects of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) in rat testis injury following testicular torsion/detorsion.Methods. A rat testicular torsion model has been established as described. Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: sham group, torsion group, torsion/detorsion (T/D) group, and T/D plus LXA4-pretreated groups (3 subgroups). Rats in LXA4-pretreated groups received LXA4 injection (0.1, 1.0, and 10 μg/kg body weight in LXA4-pretreated subgroups 1–3, resp.) at a single dose 1 h before detorsion. Biochemical analysis, apoptosis assessment, and morphologic evaluation were carried out after orchiectomies.Results. GPx and SOD levels significantly increased and MDA levels significantly reduced in LXA4-pretreated groups compared to T/D group. LXA4 also reverted IL-2 and TNF-αto basal levels and improved the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 in LXA4-pretreated groups. Moreover, the expression of NF-κB was downregulated in LXA4-pretreated groups. LXA4 treatment also showed an improved testicular morphology and decreased apoptosis in testes.Conclusion. Lipoxin A4 protects rats against testes injury after torsion/detorsion via modulation of cytokines, oxidative stress, and NF-κB activity.

scholarly journals Sodium butyrate protects mice from the development of the early signs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: role of melatonin and lipid peroxidation

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
pp. 1682-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Jun Jin ◽  
Anna Janina Engstler ◽  
Cathrin Sellmann ◽  
Doreen Ziegenhardt ◽  
Marianne Landmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide with universally accepted treatments still lacking. Oral supplementation of sodium butyrate (SoB) has been suggested to attenuate liver damage of various aetiologies. Our study aimed to further delineate mechanisms involved in the SoB-dependent hepatic protection using a mouse model of fructose-induced NAFLD and in in vitro models. C57BL/6J mice were either pair-fed a fructose-enriched liquid diet ±0·6 g/kg body weight per d SoB or standard chow for 6 weeks. Markers of liver damage, intestinal barrier function, glucose metabolism, toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and melatonin signalling were determined in mice. Differentiated human carcinoma colon-2 (Caco-2) and J774A.1 cells were used to determine molecular mechanisms involved in the effects of SoB. Despite having no effects on markers of intestinal barrier function and glucose metabolism or body weight gain, SoB supplementation significantly attenuated fructose-induced hepatic TAG accumulation and inflammation. The protective effects of SoB were associated with significantly lower expression of markers of the TLR-4-dependent signalling cascade, concentrations of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts in liver. Treatment with SoB increased melatonin levels and expression of enzymes involved in melatonin synthesis in duodenal tissue and Caco-2 cells. Moreover, treatment with melatonin significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of iNOS and nitrate levels in J774A.1 cells. Taken together, our results indicated that the protective effects of SoB on the development of fructose-induced NAFLD in mice are associated with an increased duodenal melatonin synthesis and attenuation of iNOS induction in liver.

Mechanisms of liver damage in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
T. V. Pinchuk ◽  
N. V. Orlova ◽  
T. G. Suranova ◽  
T. I. Bonkalo
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analyze Data

At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was discovered in China, causing the coronavirus infection COVID-19. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses a major challenge to health systems around the world. There is still little information on how infection affects liver function and the significance of pre-existing liver disease as a risk factor for infection and severe COVID-19. In addition, some drugs used to treat the new coronavirus infection are hepatotoxic. In this article, we analyze data on the impact of COVID-19 on liver function, as well as on the course and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma, or those on immunosuppressive therapy after liver transplantation.

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