scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal Microbiome Signature in COVID-19 Positive Patients: Can We Definitively Get a Role to Fusobacterium periodonticum?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmela Nardelli ◽  
Ivan Gentile ◽  
Mario Setaro ◽  
Carmela Di Domenico ◽  
Biagio Pinchera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Sialic Acids ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Precise Role ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus is highly transmissible among individuals through both droplets and aerosol leading to determine severe pneumonia. Among the various factors that can influence both the onset of disease and the severity of its complications, the microbiome composition has also been investigated. Recent evidence showed the possible relationship between gut, lung, nasopharyngeal, or oral microbiome and COVID-19, but very little is known about it. Therefore, we aimed to verify the relationships between nasopharyngeal microbiome and the development of either COVID-19 or the severity of symptoms. To this purpose, we analyzed, by next generation sequencing, the hypervariable V1-V2-V3 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA in nasopharyngeal swabs from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients (n=18) and control (CO) individuals (n=12) using Microbiota solution A (Arrow Diagnostics). We found a significant lower abundance of Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria in COVID-19 patients in respect to CO (p=0.003 and p<0.0001, respectively) from the phylum up to the genus (p<0.001). The Fusobacterium periodonticum (FP) resulted as the most significantly reduced species in COVID-19 patients respect to CO. FP is reported as being able to perform the surface sialylation. Noteworthy, some sialic acids residues on the cell surface could work as additional S protein of SARS-CoV-2 receptors. Consequently, SARS-CoV-2 could use sialic acids as receptors to bind to the epithelium of the respiratory tract, promoting its clustering and the disease development. We can therefore speculate that the significant reduction of FP in COVID-19 patients could be directly or indirectly linked to the modulation of sialic acid metabolism. Finally, viral or environmental factors capable of interfering with sialic metabolism could determine a fall in the individual protection from SARS-CoV-2. Further studies are necessary to clarify the precise role of FP in COVID-19.

Body and law in late Anglo-Saxon England

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 209-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine O'Brien O'Keeffe
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Manuscript Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Point Of Departure

This article explores some textual dimensions of what I argue is a crucial moment in the history of the Anglo-Saxon subject. For purposes of temporal triangulation, I would locate this moment between roughly 970 and 1035, though these dates function merely as crude, if potent, signposts: the years 970×973 mark the adoption of the Regularis concordia, the ecclesiastical agreement on the practice of a reformed (and markedly continental) monasticism, and 1035 marks the death of Cnut, the Danish king of England, whose laws encode a change in the understanding of the individual before the law. These dates bracket a rich and chaotic time in England: the apex of the project of reform, a flourishing monastic culture, efflorescence of both Latin and vernacular literatures, remarkable manuscript production, but also the renewal of the Viking wars that seemed at times to be signs of the apocalypse and that ultimately would put a Dane on the throne of England. These dates point to two powerful and continuing sets of interests in late Anglo-Saxon England, ecclesiastical and secular, monastic and royal, whose relationships were never simple. This exploration of the subject in Anglo-Saxon England as it is illuminated by the law draws on texts associated with each of these interests and argues their interconnection. Its point of departure will be the body – the way it is configured, regarded, regulated and read in late Anglo-Saxon England. It focuses in particular on the use to which the body is put in juridical discourse: both the increasing role of the body in schemes of inquiry and of punishment and the ways in which the body comes to be used to know and control the subject.

Information Communications in the Higher School Educational Space

10.12737/5419 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Захаров ◽  
A. Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

Within the Federal Target Programme on the Development of Education in Russia strategic projects on introduction of new models for managing education and arranging educational process are being implemented in all higher educational institutions of this country. This transformation is going on in the context of large-scale use of information and telecommunication technologies, which are aimed to ensure the individual approach to education on the basis of merging educational process with technologies and also to reduce costs for the shift towards innovation development of higher educational institutions. The significant role of self-guided work, stipulated within the third generation educational standards, emphasizes top priority issues both on effective arrangement and control of students’ learning outcomes and on helping to reduce teachers’ efforts for functions to deliver knowledge to learners.

scholarly journals Maternal SNPs in the p53 Pathway: Risk Factors for Trisomy 21?

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano André Boquett ◽  
Ana Paula Carneiro Brandalize ◽  
Lucas Rosa Fraga ◽  
Lavínia Schuler-Faccini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Regulatory Pathway ◽  
P53 Family ◽  
Combined Genotypes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

The p53 family and its regulatory pathway play an important role as regulators of developmental processes, limiting the propagation of aneuploid cells. Its dysfunction or imbalance can lead to pathological abnormalities in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal polymorphismsTP53c.215G>C (P72R),TP734 c.-30G>A and 14 c.-20C>T,MDM2c.14+309T>G (SNP309),MDM4c.753+572C>T andUSP7c.2719-234G>A as risk factors for Down Syndrome (DS) birth. A case-control study was conducted with 263 mothers of DS children and 196 control mothers. The distribution of these genotypic variants was similar between case and control mothers. However, the combined allelesTP53C andMDM2G, andTP53C andUSP7A increased the risk of having offspring with DS (OR = 1.84 and 1.77; 95% CI;P< 0.007 and 0.018, respectively). These results suggest that, although the individual polymorphisms were not associated with DS birth, the effect of the combined genotypes amongTP53,MDM2andUSP7genes indicates a possible role ofTP53and its regulatory pathway as a risk factor for aneuploidy.

scholarly journals Water Stress and Disruption of Mycorrhizae Induce Parallel Shifts in Phyllosphere Microbiome Composition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Debray ◽  
Yvonne Socolar ◽  
Griffin Kaulbach ◽  
Aidee Guzman ◽  
Catherine A. Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Additional Mechanism ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Striking Parallelism

ABSTRACTWater and nutrient limitation are key stressors that affect plant health and ecosystem function. These environmental factors impact both soil- and root-associated microbial communities, and systemically alter plant physiology, but it is less clear how they affect aboveground plant-microbe interactions. Through experimental manipulations in the field and growth chamber, we examined the interacting effects of irrigation, soil fertility, and root mycorrhizal associations on bacterial and fungal communities of the tomato phyllosphere (Solanum lycopersicum). Both water stress and mycorrhizal disruption reduced bacterial richness within plants, homogenized bacterial community diversity among plants, and reduced the relative abundance of dominant fungal taxa. We observed striking parallelism in the individual microbial taxa affected by irrigation and mycorrhizal associations. Given the increasingly understood role of the phyllosphere in shaping plant health and pathogen susceptibility, these results offer an additional mechanism by which belowground conditions shape plant fitness.

scholarly journals Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Four Novel Viruses Associated with Calf Diarrhea

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1907
Author(s):  
Qi Wu ◽  
Jizong Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jinzhu Zhou ◽  
Dandan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Aichi Virus ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
S Gene ◽  
Calf Diarrhea ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Control ◽  
Orf2 Region ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Calf diarrhea is one of the common diseases involved in the process of calf feeding. In this study, a sample of calf diarrhea that tested positive for bovine coronavirus and bovine astrovirus was subjected to high-throughput sequencing. The reassembly revealed the complete genomes of bovine norovirus, bovine astrovirus, bovine kobuvirus, and the S gene of bovine coronavirus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the ORF2 region of bovine astrovirus had the lowest similarity with other strains and gathered in the Mamastrovirus unclassified genogroup, suggesting a new serotype/genotype could appear. Compared with the most closely related strain, there are six amino acid mutation sites in the S gene of bovine coronavirus, most of which are located in the S1 subunit region. The bovine norovirus identified in our study was BNoV-GIII 2, based on the VP1 sequences. The bovine kobuvirus is distributed in the Aichi virus B genus; the P1 gene shows as highly variable, while the 3D gene is highly conserved. These findings enriched our knowledge of the viruses in the role of calf diarrhea, and help to develop an effective strategy for disease prevention and control.

Home parenteral nutrition in advanced cancer: where are we?

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Mackenzie ◽  
Leah Gramlich
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Home Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Incurable Cancer ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

Patients with advanced and incurable cancer are a compelling group. Questions and comments that these individuals and their families have may include: “My daughter is expecting our first grandchild in 3 months — can I hope to see our new family member?”; “I can’t keep any food down — is there anything I can do?”; “I am worried about losing so much weight, and feeling tired and weak — is there anything that may help?”; “Will I suffer a lot?”. Indeed, the most pressing concerns of the patient relate to predictions about survival and control of symptoms. The clinician taking care of the patient may wonder what is the utility or futility of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in both the individual with advanced cancer and in this population of patients at large, whether there is potential for harm such as increasing the burden of care or prolonging suffering, and how to optimize care and communication with the patient and their families. The nutrition scientist may want to know what the implications of advanced cancer are on nutrient requirements and utilization, whether there are markers that would differentiate between cachexia and simple starvation, and whether it is possible to use specific nutrients to modify the disease process. This review will provide insights into the understanding of the role of HPN in advanced cancer and opportunities for further investigation.

scholarly journals Zoonoses in Bangladesh: The Role of Veterinarian in Public Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ariful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Veterinary Public Health ◽  
Public Health Organizations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

Zoonoses are diseases and infections that are naturally transmissible between vertebrate animals and man. Zoonoses may be categorized as emerging, reemerging and neglected zoonotic diseases which are widely prevalent and pose a great threat throughout the world including Bangladesh. Veterinary public health is a component of public health activities devoted to the application of professional veterinary skills, knowledge, and resources for the protection and improvement of public health. Many veterinarians are less aware of the importance of zoonoses than is desirable and medical clinicians who encounter zoonoses in human patients may either fail to recognize them or concentrate on treating the individual patient rather than disease control. This situation may be worsened where there is insufficient communication between veterinarians, the various health care professionals and public health organizations. However, the collaborative efforts between physicians and veterinarians in communication, sharing public health knowledge and research settings could do much to improve human and animal health. Much can be done by education, and in particular by increasing the awareness of different health professionals, and facilitating communication and collaboration between veterinary, public health and agricultural personnel. This will help us to approach and control zoonotic diseases in as ef?cient and effective a way as possible.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21257 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 93-98 

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary evaluation of interstitial lung diseases: current insights

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (144) ◽  
pp. 170002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon L.F. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Interobserver Agreement ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Confidence ◽  
Variable Nature ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Precise Role

Multidisciplinary team (MDT) diagnosis is regarded as the diagnostic reference standard for interstitial lung disease (ILD). Several studies have reported that MDT diagnosis is associated with higher levels of diagnostic confidence and better interobserver agreement when compared to the individual components of the MDT in isolation. Although this recommendation is widely accepted, no guideline statement specifies what constitutes an MDT meeting and how its participants should govern it. Furthermore, the precise role of an MDT meeting in the setting of ILD may vary from one group to another. For example, in some cases, the meeting will confine its discussion to characterising the disease and formulating diagnosis. In others, management decisions may also be part of the discussion. Surprisingly, there is no consensus on how MDT diagnosis is validated. As multidisciplinary evaluation contains all the available clinical information on an individual patient, there is no reference standard against which the veracity of MDT diagnosis can be tested. Finally, many of these uncertainties surrounding MDT meeting practice are unlikely to be answered by traditional evidence-based studies, which create difficulties when generating guideline recommendations. There is clearly a need for expert consensus on what constitutes acceptable MDT meeting practice. This consensus will need to be flexible to accommodate the variability in resources available to fledgling MDT groups and the variable nature of patients requiring discussion.

Morphogenesis of a New Human Herpes-Type Virus Isolate (Sasha Virus)

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 592-593
Author(s):  
R. F. Zeigel ◽  
W. Munyon
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Human Herpes ◽  
Human Embryonic Lung ◽  
Human Herpes Virus ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Hel Cells ◽  
And Control

In continuing studies on the role of viruses in biochemical transformation, Dr. Munyon has succeeded in isolating a highly infectious human herpes virus. Fluids of buccal pustular lesions from Sasha Munyon (10 mo. old) uiere introduced into monolayer sheets of human embryonic lung (HEL) cell cultures propagated in Eagles’ medium containing 5% calf serum. After 18 hours the cells exhibited a dramatic C.P.E. (intranuclear vacuoles, peripheral patching of chromatin, intracytoplasmic inclusions). Control HEL cells failed to reflect similar changes. Infected and control HEL cells were scraped from plastic flasks at 18 hrs. of incubation and centrifuged at 1200 × g for 15 min. Resultant cell packs uiere fixed in Dalton's chrome osmium, and post-fixed in aqueous uranyl acetate. Figure 1 illustrates typical hexagonal herpes-type nucleocapsids within the intranuclear virogenic regions. The nucleocapsids are approximately 100 nm in diameter. Nuclear membrane “translocation” (budding) uias observed.

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