scholarly journals Dietary Interventions Reduce Traditional and Novel Cardiovascular Risk Markers by Altering the Gut Microbiome and Their Metabolites

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Vijay ◽  
Stuart Astbury ◽  
Louca Panayiotis ◽  
Francine Marques ◽  
Tim D. Spector ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Triglyceride Fraction ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Aims: The current study investigates the role of diet in mediating the gut microbiome-cardiovascular association which has not yet been explored in humans.Methods and Results: Using a two-arm dietary intervention study in healthy participants (N = 70), we assessed the effects of omega-3 and fibre supplementation on gut microbiome composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. We then investigated how changes in gut microbiome composition correlated with changes in traditional cardiovascular risk factors (cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure), cytokines, and novel validated markers such as GlycA and ceramides, previously linked to CVD incidence and mortality. Both interventions resulted in significant drops in blood pressure, cholesterol, proinflammatory cytokines, GlycA and ceramides (all P < 0.05). Decreases in the atherogenic low-density lipoprotein triglyceride fraction, in total serum cholesterol were correlated with increases in butyric acid-production [β(SE) = −0.58 (0.06), P < 0.001; −0.53 (0.04), P < 0.001] and nominally associated with increases in some butyrogenic bacteria. Drops in GlycA were linked to increases in Bifidobacterium [β(SE) = −0.32 (0.04), P = 0.02] and other SCFAs including acetic acid [β(SE) = −0.28 (0.04), P = 0.02] and propionic acid [β(SE) = −0.3 (0.04), P = 0.02]. Additionally, we report for the first-time reductions in specific ceramide ratios that have been shown to predict CVD mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events such as d18:1/16:0, d18:0/24:0, and d18:1/24:1 which were associated with the reduction in the abundance in Colinsella and increases in Bifidobacteriuim and Coprococcus 3 and SCFAs (all P < 0.05).Conclusion: Overall, these findings support the potential of using simple dietary interventions to alter validated biomarkers linked to cardiovascular risk via the gut microbiome composition and its metabolic functions.

Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Hospitalized Patients with Hypertension Aged 40 and Over

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Joana I. Simeonova ◽  
Snejanka T. Tisheva-Gospodinova ◽  
Yoana M. Todorova ◽  
Petkana A. Hristova ◽  
Asia N. Yanakieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe aim of the cross-sectional study was to estimate the absolute 10-year risk for fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with hypertension by Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation (SCORE). The study was carried out in 2016 as part of Project No 4/2016. Ninety-one patients aged 40-89 years were included. The mean age of the sample was 66.0±11.0, and 44.0% were males. Information of the patients’ risk profile included about age, gender, blood pressure, smoking and total cholesterol. The patients with hypertension were stratified according to a 10-year absolute risk of CVD. Data were processed by Statistical Package for Social Science versions 19.0 (SPSS.v.19.0). Over two-thirds of the patients had 1 stage hypertension (31.9%) and 2 stage hypertension (37.4%). Median systolic blood pressure on admission to the clinics was 160 mg Hg, and median diastolic blood pressure was 90 mm Hg. Total serum cholesterol values exceeded 4.9 mmol/L in 64.0% of the patients. Smokers accounted for about one-fourth of the patients, most of them having smoked for 40 years. The mean number of risk factors for CVD was 3.0. Over 65% of the patients were found to be at a very high 10-year absolute risk of fatal CVD by SCORE. Cardiovascular risk assessment has important role in prevention of morbidity, premature death and disability of CVD.

Associations between gut microbiome, short chain fatty acids and blood pressure across ethnic groups: the HELIUS study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Verhaar ◽  
D Collard ◽  
A Prodan ◽  
J.H.M Levels ◽  
A.H Zwinderman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Helius Study ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Background Gut microbiome composition is shaped by a combination of host genetic make-up and dietary habits. In addition, large ethnic differences exist in microbiome composition. Several studies in humans and animals have shown that differences in gut microbiota and its metabolites, including short chain fatty acids (SCFA), are associated with blood pressure (BP). We hypothesized that gut microbiome composition and its metabolites may be differently associated with BP across ethnic groups. Purpose To investigate associations of gut microbiome composition and fecal SCFA levels with BP across different ethnic groups. Methods We assessed the association between gut microbiome composition and office BP among 4672 subjects (mean age 49.8±11.7 years, 52%F) of 6 different ethnic groups participating in the HELIUS study. Gut microbiome composition was determined using 16S rRNA sequencing. Associations between microbiome composition and blood pressure were assessed using machine learning prediction models. The resulting best predictors were correlated with BP using Spearman's rank correlations. Fecal SCFA levels were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography in an age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched subgroup of 200 participants with either extreme low or high systolic BP. Differences in abundances of best predictors and fecal SCFA levels between high and low BP groups were assessed with Mann-Whitney U tests. Results Gut microbiome composition explained 4.4% of systolic BP variance. Best predictors for systolic BP included Roseburia spp. (ρ −0.15, p<0.001), Clostridium spp. (ρ −0.14, p<0.001), Romboutsia spp. (ρ −0.10, p<0.001), and Ruminococceae spp. (ρ −0.15, p<0.001) (Figure 1). Explained variance of the microbiome composition was highest in Dutch subjects (4.8%), but very low in African Surinamese, Ghanaian, and Turkish ethnic groups (ranging from 0–0.77%) Hence, we selected only participants with Dutch ethnicity for the matched subgroup. Participants with high BP had lower abundance of Roseburia hominis (p<0.01) and Roseburia spp. (p<0.05) compared to participants with low BP. However, fecal acetate (p<0.05) and propionate (p<0.01) levels were higher in participants with high BP. Conclusions In this cross-sectional study, gut microbiome composition was moderately associated with BP. Associations were strongly divergent between ethnic groups, with strongest associations in Dutch participants. Intriguingly, while Dutch participants with high BP had lower abundances of several SCFA-producing microbes, they had higher fecal SCFA levels. Intervention studies with SCFAs could provide more insight in the effects of these metabolites on BP. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): The Academic Medical Center (AMC) of Amsterdam and the Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam) provided core financial support for HELIUS. The HELIUS study is also funded by research grants of the Dutch Heart Foundation (Hartstichting; grant no. 2010T084), the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw; grant no. 200500003), the European Integration Fund (EIF; grant no. 2013EIF013) and the European Union (Seventh Framework Programme, FP-7; grant no. 278901).

Abstract 003: Personalizing the Intensity of Blood Pressure Control: Modeling the Heterogeneity of Risks and Benefits From the SPRINT Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna K Patel ◽  
Suzanne V Arnold ◽  
Paul S Chan ◽  
Yuanyuan Tang ◽  
Yashashwi Pokharel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Intensive Treatment ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Serious Adverse Events

Introduction: In SPRINT (Systolic blood PRessure INtervention Trial), non-diabetic patients with hypertension at high cardiovascular risk treated with intensive blood pressure (BP) control (<120mmHg) had fewer major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause deaths but higher rates of serious adverse events (SAE) compared with patients treated with standard BP control (<140mmHg). However, the degree of benefit or harm for an individual patient could vary due to heterogeneity in treatment effect. Methods: Using patient-level data from SPRINT, we developed predictive models for benefit (freedom from death or MACE) and harm (increased SAE) to allow for individualized BP treatment goals based on projected risk-benefit for each patient. Interactions between candidate variable and treatment were evaluated in the models to identify differential treatment effects. We performed 10 fold cross-validation for both the models. Results: Among 9361 patients, 8606 (92%) patients had no MACE or death event (benefit) and 3529 (38%) patients had a SAE (harm) over a median follow-up of 3.3 years. The benefit model showed good discrimination (c-index= 0.72; cross-validated c-index= 0.72) with treatment interactions of age, sex, and baseline systolic BP (Figure A), with more benefit of intensive BP treatment in patients who are older, male, and have lower baseline SBP. The SAE risk model showed moderate discrimination (c-index=0.66; cross-validated c-index= 0.65) with a treatment interaction of baseline renal function (Figure B), indicating less harm of intensive treatment in patients with a higher baseline creatinine. The mean predicted absolute benefit of intensive BP treatment was of 2.2% ± 2.5% compared with standard treatment, but ranged from 10.7% lower benefit to 17% greater benefit in individual patients. Similarly, mean predicted absolute harm with intensive treatment was 1.0% ± 1.9%, but ranged from 15.9% lesser harm to 4.9% more harm. Conclusion: Among non-diabetic patients with hypertension at high cardiovascular risk, we developed prediction models using basic clinical data that can identify patients with higher likelihood of benefit vs. harm with BP treatment strategies. These models could be used to tailor the treatment approach based on the projected risk and benefit for each unique patient.

scholarly journals Predicting 10-year cardiovascular risk using WHO/ISH risk prediction chart among urban population in Salem

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5228
Author(s):  
K. Premanandh ◽  
R. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Very High

Background: Coronary vascular disease (CVD) risk estimation tools are a simple means of identifying those at high risk in a community and hence a potentially cost-effective strategy for CVD prevention in resource-poor countries. The WHO /ISH risk prediction charts provide approximate estimates of cardiovascular disease risk in people who do not have established coronary heart disease, stroke or other atherosclerotic disease.Methods: A total of 280 subjects between 40 to 70 years of age were included in this cross sectional study. Eligible households was selected randomly (every 5th household) for the interview using systematic random sampling. Age, gender, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, presence or absence of diabetes and total serum cholesterol were used to compute the total CVD risk using WHO/ISH CVD risk prediction chart. The chart stratify an individual into low (<10%), moderate (10% to <20%), high (20% to <30%), and very high (>30%) risk groups.Results: Moderate and high CVD risk were 12.14% and 7.5% respectively. Of total study participants, 2.5% had very high risk (>40%). High risk (binge drinking) alcohol drinkers (p=0.04) and abdominal obesity (p=0.0001) were significantly associated with higher CVD risk. Higher prevalence of behavioral risk factors was also reported in our study population.Conclusions: A large proportion of the population is at moderate and high cardiovascular risk. Risk stratification and identification of individuals with a high risk for CHD who could potentially benefit from intensive primary prevention efforts are critically important in reducing the burden of CVD in India.

Age-related changes in thoracic aorta of obese Zucker rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (5) ◽  
pp. H1548-H1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Cox ◽  
D. C. Kikta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Age Related

Studies were performed on the ontogeny of arterial blood pressure and functional properties of the thoracic aorta in lean (L) and obese (O) male Zucker rats at ages of 6-36 wk. Body weight was larger in the O than the L at all ages, with differences reaching values of 200-250 g at ages over 24 wk (at 33-36 wk: L = 510 +/- 9 and O = 730 +/- 15 g). Systolic blood pressure was lower in young O compared with L (6-15 wk) but increased with age at a rate seven times greater in O than in L. For ages of 33-36 wk, systolic pressure was significantly higher in O compared with L (O = 132 +/- 2 vs. L = 122 +/- 2 mmHg). Total serum cholesterol (at 36 wk: L = 278 +/- 31 and O = 354 +/- 12 mg/dl) and triglycerides (at 36 wk: L = 493 +/- 71 and O = 1,618 +/- 220 mg/dl), as well as glucose levels, increased with age in both groups and were significantly higher in O at all ages. Serum levels of thyroxine but not triiodothyronine were significantly lower in O at all ages. No differences were found in passive mechanics at any age. Values of maximum active stress with smooth muscle activation by 75 mM K+ plus 10 microM norepinephrine were significantly higher at 24 and 36 wk in O (at 36 wk: L = 573 +/- 42 and O = 821 +/- 89 x 10(3) dyn/m2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Trends in blood pressure, lipids, lipoproteins and glucose metabolism in the Northern Sweden MONICA project 1986 - 99

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (61_suppl) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-HÅkan Jansson ◽  
Kurt Boman ◽  
Torbjörn Messner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Population Total ◽  
The Past ◽  
Monica Project

Aim: The authors present an analysis of time trends in blood pressure, hypertension, and lipids in the adult population of Northern Sweden over the period 1986 - 99. Method: Four population surveys were undertaken with new and independent cohorts, 25 - 64 years old. Results: Small changes in blood pressure were observed during the study period with increased systolic blood pressure in men and decreased diastolic blood pressure in women. The proportion with high blood pressure was found to be constant over time and only 50% were prescribed antihypertensive drugs and of these only a minority were normotensive. Total serum cholesterol decreased from 6.4 to 5.7 mmol/l in men and from 6.3 to 5.7 mmol/l in women over the study period, and this was accompanied by an increase in HDL cholesterol by about 10% in both sexes. The proportion with high cholesterol decreased from 41% to 26%. Triglycerides increased between 1986 and 1990 and no further changes were found in the following surveys. Conclusion: In the Northern Sweden MONICA population total cholesterol has declined and HDL cholesterol has increased during the past 13 years and small changes in blood pressure have been observed for both men and women.

scholarly journals Lessons on dietary biomarkers from twin studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Menni
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Twin Design ◽  
Dietary Biomarkers ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Twin Model ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Microbiome Diversity

Metabolomic and microbiome profiling are promising tools to identify biomarkers of food intake and health status. The individual's genetic makeup plays a significant role on health, metabolism, gut microbes and diet and twin studies provide unique opportunities to untangle gene–environment effects on complex phenotypes. This brief review discusses the value of twin studies in nutrition research with a particular focus on metabolomics and the gut microbiome. Although, the twin model is a powerful tool to segregate the genetic component, to date, very few studies combine the twin design and metabolomics/microbiome in nutritional sciences. Moreover, since the individual's diet has a strong influence on the microbiome composition and the gut microbiome is modifiable (60 % of microbiome diversity is due to the environment), future studies should target the microbiome via dietary interventions.

P6222Changes in main CVD risk factors in Finland 1992–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Jousilahti ◽  
T Laatikainen ◽  
T Harkanen ◽  
K Borodulin ◽  
K Harald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

Abstract Background Systematic monitoring of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors started in eastern Finland already in the 1970s as part of the North Karelia Project. Later on risk factor monitoring was extended to other parts of the country. Purpose In this study we report the trends of main CVD risk factors in Finland from 1992 to 2017. Methods Study population consists of a population-based random sample of 31 402 men and women aged 25–64 years who participated in the FINRISK Studies from 1992 to 2012, and in the FinHealth Study in 2017. Data collection was done every five years. Participation rate decreased from 76% in 1992 to 56% in 2017. Study protocol included self-reported questionnaire data on smoking and other health behavior, measurements of height, weight and blood pressure, and venous blood sample for laboratory analysis. Blood pressure was measured two times, and the average of the measurements was calculated, total serum cholesterol was analyzed using enzymatic method, and LDL cholesterol was calculated using Friedewald formula. Results Smoking prevalence, mean blood pressure and total and LDL cholesterol levels declined markedly during the 25 year follow up but BMI, waist circumference and prevalence of obesity increased (table). CVD risk factor change from 1992 to 2017 Risk factor Men 1992 Men 2017 p value Women 1992 Women 2017 p value Smoking (%) 36.7 20.6 <0.001 25.9 16.5 <0.001 SBP (mmHg) 136.6 131.2 <0.001 130.3 124.5 <0.001 DBP (mmHg) 82.7 81.6 <0.001 78.6 77.8 <0.001 Chol (mmol/L) 5.66 5.17 <0.001 5.42 5.18 <0.001 LDL chol (mmol/L) 3.54 3.16 <0.001 3.26 3.03 <0.001 BMI (kg/m2) 26.2 27.2 <0.001 25.1 26.4 <0.001 WC (cm) 92.8 96.1 <0.001 79.2 86.2 <0.001 Obesity (%) 15.7 23.2 <0.001 14.8 22.7 <0.001 Conclusions The levels of main traditional CVD risk factors have markedly decreased among the Finnish population during the last 25 years but in the same time, obesity has become a major public health challenge.

scholarly journals Direct and indirect effects of central and general adiposity on cardiovascular diseases: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1170-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Bakhtiyari ◽  
Nicole Schmidt ◽  
Farzad Hadaegh ◽  
Davood Khalili ◽  
Nasrin Mansournia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
General Adiposity

Aim The mechanisms linking body mass index to cardiovascular disease are still not clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to find out how much of the effect of central and general adiposity on cardiovascular disease is mediated through blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose, and how much is independent of these factors. Methods and results The study population included participants, aged ≥30 years, free of cardiovascular disease at baseline with median follow-up of 13.9 years. The total effects were broken down into natural direct and indirect effects using the inverse odds weighting method in the context of survival models. Systolic blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose as the primary measure of blood glucose were used as mediators. Blood pressure and cholesterol with indirect hazard ratios of 1.09 (95% confidence interval: 1.006–1.18) and 1.35 (95% confidence interval: 1.12–1.62) were the most important mediators for overweight-cardiovascular disease and obesity-cardiovascular disease relationships, respectively. The proportion mediated of overweight was 22% (6–47%) for blood pressure, 18% (5–37%) for blood glucose, and 20% (7–43%) for cholesterol. The same measure for obesity was 65% (35–91%) for cholesterol. For central adiposity, blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol were the most important mediators with proportion mediated of 36% (17–72%), 23% (9–48%), and 21% (8–45%), respectively. Conclusions The findings of this study show that proper control of cardiometabolic risk factors of blood pressure, blood glucose, and dyslipidemia in an adult population can be effective to significantly reduce the effects of general and abdominal adiposity on cardiovascular diseases.

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