scholarly journals Gender Differences in Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: From Lipids to Clinical Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Vakhtangadze ◽  
Rajeeka Singh Tak ◽  
Utkarsh Singh ◽  
Mirza S. Baig ◽  
Evgeny Bezsonov
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the main reasons of death and morbidity in the world. Both women and men have high rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, although gender-related differences in mortality and morbidity rates are observed in different age groups of the population. In the large cohort of cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure (HF), systemic hypertension, and valvular heart disease are particularly common in the population. CVDs caused by atherosclerosis are in the first place in terms of frequency, that is why society is particularly interested in this problem. The development and course of atherosclerotic processes associated with lipid and other metabolic changes are characterized by a long latent period, the clinical manifestation is often an acute vascular catastrophe, which can lead to human disability and death. Differences associated with sex are observed in the clinical course and manifestations, which raises the suspicion that gender influences processes related to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACD) includes two main most dangerous clinical manifestations: IHD and cerebrovascular disease (mainly ischemic stroke). Other less common clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis include aortic atherosclerosis and peripheral vascular disease. Gender-related differences were also identified concerning these diseases. The present review discusses the effects of gender and age on atherosclerotic processes, disease development, and clinical manifestations. The metabolic basis for the development of atherosclerosis appears to be related to sex hormones. Thus this issue is interesting and useful for doctors of different specialties.

scholarly journals Intravenous Administration of Allogenic Cell-Derived Microvesicles of Healthy Origins Defends Against Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Development by a Direct Action on Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Alexandru ◽  
Eugen Andrei ◽  
Florentina Safciuc ◽  
Emanuel Dragan ◽  
Ana Maria Balahura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor

Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease development is the outcome of intermediate processes where endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation are main protagonists. Cell-derived microvesicles (MVs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are known as biomarkers and potential regulators for atherosclerotic vascular disease, but their role in the complexity of the inflammatory process and in the mechanism of vascular restoration is far from clear. We aimed to evaluate the biological activity and functional role of MVs, in particular of the EPCs-derived MVs (MVEs), of healthy origins in reducing atherosclerotic vascular disease development. The experiments were performed on hamsters divided into the following groups: simultaneously hypertensive–hyperlipidemic (HH group) by combining two feeding conditions for 4 months; HH with retro-orbital sinus injection containing 1 × 105 MVs or MVEs from control hamsters, one dose per month for 4 months of HH diet, to prevent atherosclerosis (HH-MVs or HH-MVEs group); and controls (C group), age-matched normal healthy animals. We found that circulating MV and MVE transplantation of healthy origins significantly reduces atherosclerosis development via (1) the mitigation of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and circulating EPC/cytokine/chemokine levels and (2) the structural and functional remodeling of arterial and left ventricular walls. We also demonstrated that (1) circulating MVs contain miRNAs; this was demonstrated by validating MVs and MVEs as transporters of Ago2-miRNA, Stau1-miRNA, and Stau2-miRNA complexes and (2) MV and MVE administration significantly protect against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease via transfer of miR-223, miR-21, miR-126, and miR-146a to circulating late EPCs. It should be mentioned that the favorable effects of MVEs were greater than those of MVs. Our findings suggest that allogenic MV and MVE administration of healthy origins could counteract HH diet-induced detrimental effects by biologically active miR-10a, miR-21, miR-126, and miR-146a transfer to circulating EPCs, mediating their vascular repair function in atherosclerosis processes.

scholarly journals Chemokines as Therapeutic Targets in Cardiovascular Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Noels ◽  
Christian Weber ◽  
Rory R. Koenen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Drug Approval ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Road ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Cantos ◽  
Underlying Inflammation

With the incidence and impact of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its clinical manifestations still rising, therapeutic options that target the causal mechanisms of this disorder are highly desired. Since the CANTOS trial (Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study) has demonstrated that lowering inflammation can be beneficial, focusing on mechanisms underlying inflammation, for example, leukocyte recruitment, is feasible. Being key orchestrators of leukocyte trafficking, chemokines have not lost their attractiveness as therapeutic targets, despite the difficult road to drug approval thus far. Still, innovative therapeutic approaches are being developed, paving the road towards the first chemokine-based therapeutic against inflammation. In this overview, recent developments for chemokines and for the chemokine-like factor MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) will be discussed.

Macroangiopathy in type II diabetes

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S75-S78
Author(s):  
Antti Aro
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Peripheral Vascular Disease ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Middle Aged

ABSTRACT. Macroangiopathy is the most important cause of mortality and morbidity in type II diabetes. The atherosclerotic process in diabetes is similar to that found in non-diabetic subjects, but the laesions are more extensive and the clinical manifestations are more common in diabetic subjects than in the non-diabetic population. In diabetic patients from different populations, the prevalence of macroangiopathy is variable, and the relative frequency follows the pattern found in the respective non-diabetic populations. The relative risk of large vessel disease is in most populations higher for female than for male diabetics. Coronary heart disease is the most important manifestation of macroangiopathy while cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease are less frequent, although all these manifestations occur at increased frequency among middle-aged diabetic subjects. The incidence of peripheral vascular disease seems to increase with increasing duration of diabetes in middle-aged subjects, whereas coronary heart disease is particularly frequent in type II diabetes already at the time of the diagnosis. Key words: atherosclerosis, complications, diabetes mellitus, macroangiopathy, mortality.

scholarly journals Humoral immunity in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction: from B cells to antibodies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentina Porsch ◽  
Ziad Mallat ◽  
Christoph J Binder
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
B Cell Subsets

Abstract Immune mechanisms are critically involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations. Associations of specific antibody levels and defined B cell subsets with cardiovascular disease activity in humans as well as mounting evidence from preclinical models demonstrate a role of B cells and humoral immunity in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These include all aspects of B cell immunity, the generation of antigen-specific antibodies, antigen presentation and co-stimulation of T cells, as well as production of cytokines. Through their impact on adaptive and innate immune responses and the regulation of many other immune cells, B cells mediate both protective and detrimental effects in cardiovascular disease. Several antigens derived from (oxidised) lipoproteins, the vascular wall and classical autoantigens have been identified. The unique antibody responses they trigger and their relationship with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are reviewed. In particular, we focus on the different effector functions of specific IgM, IgG, and IgE antibodies and the cellular responses they trigger and highlight potential strategies to target B cell functions for therapy.

scholarly journals Clinical manifestations of noncoronary atherosclerotic vascular disease after moderate dose irradiation

Cancer ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 718-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deep A. Patel ◽  
Joel Kochanski ◽  
Andrew W. Suen ◽  
Luis F. Fajardo ◽  
Steven L. Hancock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Moderate Dose ◽  
Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease ◽  
Dose Irradiation

Migraine, cardiovascular disease, and stroke during pregnancy: Systematic review of the literature

Cephalalgia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Wabnitz ◽  
Cheryl Bushnell
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objective The objective of this article is to review the literature relating migraine, cardiovascular disease, and stroke during pregnancy in order to better define the relationship between migraines and vascular disease. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature using Medline and Cochrane Review with the following search terms: migraine AND pregnancy and vascular disease OR myocardial infarction OR heart disease OR stroke OR cerebrovascular disease OR hypertension in pregnancy. We also reviewed the bibliographies of papers identified in this search to obtain additional relevant studies. Results Of the 219 papers obtained with the primary search, we found 17 that were topically relevant. Altogether, there is an increased risk both of gestational hypertension (OR range from 1.23 to 1.68) and preeclampsia (OR range 1.08 to 3.5) in migraineurs compared to nonmigraineurs. In addition, there is an association between an increased risk of ischemic stroke in pregnancy (OR range 7.9 to 30.7), particularly with active migraine. There is also an association between migraine and increased risk of acute myocardial infarction and heart disease (OR 4.9; 95% CI 1.7, 14.2), and thromboembolic events during pregnancy (deep venous thrombosis OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.3, 4.2 and pulmonary embolus OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.7, 5.6). Conclusion In this review, we summarized the association between migraine and risk of vascular disease during pregnancy, based on the available literature. Given the limited amount of data, more research on these associations is needed to determine which women with migraine may be at risk while pregnant.

scholarly journals Circulating Serum Magnesium and the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Men: A Long-Term Prospective Cohort Study

Pulse ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Setor K. Kunutsor ◽  
Jari A. Laukkanen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Male Population ◽  
History Of

<b><i>Background and Objective:</i></b> Serum magnesium, an essential trace element involved in processes that regulate cardiovascular function, has been linked to the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, the potential association between serum magnesium and venous thromboembolism (VTE) has not been previously investigated. We aimed to assess the prospective association of serum magnesium with the risk of VTE. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Serum magnesium was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry in 2,361 men aged 42–61 years with no history of VTE at baseline in the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease prospective cohort. Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for VTE. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 159 incident VTE events were recorded during a median follow-up of 27.1 years. The risk of VTE per 1 SD increase in serum magnesium in the age-adjusted analysis was (HR 1.30; 95% CI 0.46–3.69). The association remained consistent in analyses adjusted for systolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, smoking status, a history of type 2 diabetes, a history of coronary heart disease, medication for dyslipidemia, alcohol consumption, physical activity, socioeconomic status, serum active calcium, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and a history of cancer (HR 1.38; 95% CI 0.48–3.96). Comparing the extreme tertiles of serum magnesium, the corresponding adjusted HRs were 1.17 (95% CI 0.81–1.70) and 1.17 (95% CI 0.81–1.70), respectively. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In a middle-aged Caucasian male population, serum-circulating magnesium was not associated with a future risk of VTE. Further studies in women, other age groups, and other populations are required to generalize these findings.

scholarly journals Knowledge about risk factors, symptoms and diet pertaining to cardiac disease among rural population of Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL2) ◽  
pp. 319-325
Author(s):  
Narayanaswamy A G ◽  
Meenakshi K ◽  
Porchelvan S ◽  
Harsha Nair H ◽  
Akshaya S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Premature Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Study Population

The prevalence of Cardiovascular Vascular Disease is increasing rapidly and has become a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in both developing and developed countries. Demographic transitions, adoption of unhealthy lifestyles and diet, sedentary occupations and even ignorance has contributed to this epidemic. However, there are very few existing studies determining the awareness of CVD and its risk factors among general population. We studied 640 patients from one subset of rural Chennai to determine the essential knowledge on various aspects of coronary artery disease. Most of our patients were aware that chest pain, sweating, palpitation, increased consumption of fatty and oily food, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking were associated with heart disease. What was surprising was that majority did not know that dyspnea, edema and oliguria could occur in Cardiovascular Vascular Disease. Many did not know that avoidance of sedentary lifestyle was heart healthy and almost 50% of the study population were unaware that consumption of increased amount of green leafy vegetables and could prevent heart disease. Half of the study population did not recognise that family history of premature cardiovascular disease could predispose to the same in the offspring. Methods to Increase this awareness and follow up programs to monitor whether they are implemented could go a long way to reduce the prevalence of the disease.

scholarly journals ApoB-100 Lipoproteins Complex Formation with Intima Proteoglycans as Cause of Atherosclerosis and Its Possible Ex vivo Evaluation as a Disease Biomarker

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Hurt-Camejo ◽  
Germán Camejo
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Biomarker ◽  
Cellular Aspect ◽  
Arterial Intima

Experimental and clinical data indicates that the initiation and progress of atherosclerosis, and its clinical manifestations, are caused first by circulating apoB-100 lipoproteins that enter and are retained in the arterial intima. Extracellular sulfated proteoglycans (PGs) of the intima are the retention agents. The PGs also initiate physical and biochemical lipoprotein degradation with the production of bioactive, lipid products that trigger an inflammatory response that leads to atherosclerosis. There are many simple methods for measuring abnormalities of circulating lipoproteins and their relation to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). However, limited research has been aimed to evaluate procedures that could report quantitatively about the contribution of the apo-100 lipoprotein-arterial intima PGs interaction to clinical manifestation of ACVD. In the present review we will discuss observations indicating that simple ex vivo evaluation of the affinity of apoB-100 lipoproteins for arterial PGs and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) can give indication of its association with clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis. In addition, we will discuss molecular and cellular aspect of the apoB-100 lipoproteins association with arterial PGs that are related to atherogenesis and that support the experimental framework behind the current &ldquo;Response-to-Retention&rdquo; hypothesis of atherosclerosis

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