scholarly journals Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling of Human Dental Pulp in Sound and Carious Teeth: A Pilot Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anunya Opasawatchai ◽  
Sarintip Nguantad ◽  
Benjamaporn Sriwilai ◽  
Ponpan Matangkasombut ◽  
Oranart Matangkasombut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Regenerative Dentistry ◽  
Carious Teeth

A comprehensive understanding of dental pulp cellular compositions and their molecular responses to infection are crucial for the advancement of regenerative dentistry. Here, we presented a pilot study of single-cell transcriptomic profiles of 6,810 pulpal cells isolated from a sound human maxillary third molar and three carious teeth with enamel and deep dental caries. We observed altered immune cell compositions of the dental pulp in deep, but not enamel ones. Differential expression analysis revealed up-regulation of several pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and mineralization-related genes in the immune and stromal cells of the deep dental caries. Making use of an algorithm for predicting cell-to-cell interactions from single-cell transcriptomic profiles, we showed an increase in cell-cell interactions between B cells, plasma cells and macrophages, and other cell types in deep dental caries, including those between TIMP1 (odontoblasts)—CD63 (myeloid cells), and CCL2 (macrophages)—ACKR1 (endothelial cells). Collectively, our work highlighted the single-cell level gene regulations and intercellular interactions in the dental pulps in health and disease.

scholarly journals Investigating immune and non-immune cell interactions in head and neck tumors by single-cell RNA sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius H. L. Kürten ◽  
Aditi Kulkarni ◽  
Anthony R. Cillo ◽  
Patricia M. Santos ◽  
Anna K. Roble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Hpv Status ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing ◽  
Cell Cell

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by complex relations between stromal, epithelial, and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). To enable the development of more efficacious therapies, we aim to study the heterogeneity, signatures of unique cell populations, and cell-cell interactions of non-immune and immune cell populations in 6 human papillomavirus (HPV)+ and 12 HPV– HNSCC patient tumor and matched peripheral blood specimens using single-cell RNA sequencing. Using this dataset of 134,606 cells, we show cell type-specific signatures associated with inflammation and HPV status, describe the negative prognostic value of fibroblasts with elastic differentiation specifically in the HPV+ TME, predict therapeutically targetable checkpoint receptor-ligand interactions, and show that tumor-associated macrophages are dominant contributors of PD-L1 and other immune checkpoint ligands in the TME. We present a comprehensive single-cell view of cell-intrinsic mechanisms and cell-cell communication shaping the HNSCC microenvironment.

scholarly journals Multimodal single-cell omics analysis identifies epithelium–immune cell interactions and immune vulnerability associated with sex differences in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Hou ◽  
Yadi Zhou ◽  
Michaela U. Gack ◽  
Justin D. Lathia ◽  
Asha Kallianpur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Elevated Expression

AbstractSex differences in the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity have been controversial, and the underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 in a sex-specific manner remain understudied. Here we inspected sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), sera inflammatory biomarker profiling, and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) profiles across nasal, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from COVID-19 patients with varying degrees of disease severities. Our propensity score-matching observations revealed that male individuals have a 29% elevated likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 positivity, with a hazard ratio (HR) 1.32 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–1.48) for hospitalization and HR 1.51 (95% CI 1.24–1.84) for admission to ICU. Sera from male patients at hospital admission had elevated neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and elevated expression of inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and procalcitonin). We found that SARS-CoV-2 entry factors, including ACE2, TMPRSS2, FURIN, and NRP1, have elevated expression in nasal squamous cells from male individuals with moderate and severe COVID-19. We observed male-biased transcriptional activation in SARS-CoV-2-infected macrophages from BALF and sputum samples, which offers potential molecular mechanism for sex-biased susceptibility to viral infection. Cell–cell interaction network analysis reveals potential epithelium–immune cell interactions and immune vulnerability underlying male-elevated disease severity and mortality in COVID-19. Mechanistically, monocyte-elevated expression of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is associated with severe outcomes in males with COVID-19. In summary, these findings provide basis to decipher immune responses underlying sex differences and designing sex-specific targeted interventions and patient care for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Immune Cell Landscape of Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema by Single-Cell RNA Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengjuan Ma ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Shuxia Chen ◽  
Wen Shi ◽  
Jinguo Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Edema ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis

Purpose: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), an unbiased and high-throughput single cell technology, to determine phenotype and function of peripheral immune cells in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from DME patients and healthy controls (HC). The single-cell samples were loaded on the Chromium platform (10x Genomics) for sequencing. R package Seurat v3 was used for data normalizing, clustering, dimensionality reduction, differential expression analysis, and visualization.Results: We constructed a single-cell RNA atlas comprising 57,650 PBMCs (24,919 HC, 32,731 DME). We divided all immune cells into five major immune cell lineages, including monocytes (MC), T cells (TC), NK cells (NK), B cells (BC), and dendritic cells (DC). Our differential expression gene (DEG) analysis showed that MC was enriched of genes participating in the cytokine pathway and inflammation activation. We further subdivided MC into five subsets: resting CD14++ MC, proinflammatory CD14++ MC, intermediate MC, resting CD16++ MC and pro-inflammatory CD16++ MC. Remarkably, we revealed that the proinflammatory CD14++ monocytes predominated in promoting inflammation, mainly by increasingly production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL1B, and NFKBIA) and chemokines (CCL3, CCL3L1, CCL4L2, CXCL2, and CXCL8). Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis of the DEGs demonstrated that the proinflammatory CD14++ monocytes, especially in DME patients, upregulated inflammatory pathways including tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway, I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling, and toll-like receptor signaling pathway.Conclusion: In this study, we construct the first immune landscape of DME patients with T2D and confirmed innate immune dysregulation in peripheral blood based on an unbiased scRNA-seq approach. And these results demonstrate potential target cell population for anti-inflammation treatments.

scholarly journals Single-cell transcriptome analysis of fish immune cells provides insight into the evolution of vertebrate immunity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago J. Carmona ◽  
Sarah A. Teichmann ◽  
Lauren Ferreira ◽  
Iain C. Macaulay ◽  
Michael J.T. Stubbington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Vertebrate Species

AbstractThe immune system of vertebrate species consists of many different cell types that have distinct functional roles and are subject to different evolutionary pressures. Here, we first analysed gene conservation of all major immune cell types in human and mouse. Our results revealed higher gene turnover and faster evolution of trans-membrane proteins in NK cells compared to other immune cell populations, and especially T cells, but similar conservation of nuclear and cytoplasmic protein coding genes. To validate these findings in a distant vertebrate species, we used single-cell RNA-Sequencing of lck:GFP cells in zebrafish to obtain the first transcriptome of specific immune cell types in a non-mammalian species. Unsupervised clustering and single-cell TCR locus reconstruction identified three cell populations, T-cells, a novel type of NK-like cells and a smaller population of myeloid-like cells. Differential expression analysis uncovered new immune cell specific genes, including novel immunoglobulin-like receptors, and neofunctionalization of recently duplicated paralogs. Evolutionary analyses confirmed a higher gene turnover and lower conservation of trans-membrane proteins in NK cells compared to T cells in fish species, suggesting that this is a general property of immune cell types across all vertebrates.

scholarly journals COVID-19 severity correlates with airway epithelium–immune cell interactions identified by single-cell analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 970-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lorenz Chua ◽  
Soeren Lukassen ◽  
Saskia Trump ◽  
Bianca P. Hennig ◽  
Daniel Wendisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Cell Analysis

Detection and Assessment of Interleukin 6 in Irreversible Pulp Inflamation

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-327
Author(s):  
Cristian Levente Giuroiu ◽  
Maria Vataman ◽  
Gabriel Melian ◽  
Dragos Bularda ◽  
Ludmila Lozneanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Immunohistochemical Technique ◽  
Systemic Distribution ◽  
Cell Zone

The study aimed to assess the number, localization and distribution of interleukin 6 (IL-6) positive cells in healthy pulp, acute and chronic pulpitis. The study group included 48 patients aged between 18-72, treated in University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa Iasi, Romania. The pulpectomy was performed on 42 patients diagnosed with acute and chronic pulpitis. The other 6 patients, without signs of dental caries or periodontal disease, were submitted to extractions of teeth for orthodontic purposes, with pulpectomy performed before extraction. The pulp samples were examined with optic microscope. The detection and assessment of IL-6 were performed using immunohistochemical technique. Data were statistically analysed using non-parametric tests. According to morphopathological criteria, 42.85% were classified as acute pulpitis and 57.14% as chronic pulpitis. The pulp samples in control group were not associated with IL-6 positive cells. The analysis of all samples with acute and chronic pulpitis identified 73.80% samples with IL-6 and 26.20% associated with the absence of IL-6. The highest frequency of IL-6 positive cells was recorded in rich-cell zone of crown dental pulp. The systemic distribution of IL-6 positive cells was mostly diffused without well-defined orientation. IL-6 release in acute and chronic pulpitis is significantly higher comparing with healthy pulp tissue.

Intraoral versus extraoral single-session photobiomodulation therapy after lower third molar surgery: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Vinicius Paes de Assis Santos ◽  
Natacha Kalline de Oliveira ◽  
João Gilberto Frare ◽  
Márcia Martins Marques ◽  
Maria Cristina Zindel Deboni
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Photobiomodulation Therapy ◽  
Third Molar Surgery ◽  
Single Session

PILOT STUDY DETERMINING THE FEASIBILITY OF DIAGNOSING PANCREATIC CANCER USING SINGLE CELL PARTIAL WAVE SPECTROSCOPY OF THE DUODENAL MUCOSA

Pancreas ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-430
Author(s):  
H. Subramanian ◽  
R. Brand ◽  
P. Pradhan ◽  
N. Deep ◽  
V. Parikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Partial Wave ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Partial Wave Spectroscopy

scholarly journals Single-cell biology to decode the immune cellular composition of kidney inflammation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Ulf Panzer ◽  
Stefan Bonn ◽  
Christian F. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Rna Profiling ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractSingle-cell biology is transforming the ability of researchers to understand cellular signaling and identity across medical and biological disciplines. Especially for immune-mediated diseases, a single-cell look at immune cell subtypes, signaling, and activity might yield fundamental insights into the disease etiology, mechanisms, and potential therapeutic interventions. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the field of single-cell RNA profiling and their application to understand renal function in health and disease. With a focus on the immune system, in particular on T cells, we propose some key directions of understanding renal inflammation using single-cell approaches. We detail the benefits and shortcomings of the various technological approaches outlined and give advice on potential pitfalls and challenges in experimental setup and computational analysis. Finally, we conclude with a brief outlook into a promising future for single-cell technologies to elucidate kidney function.

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