scholarly journals Clinical Implication of Individually Tailored Segmentation Method for Distorted Hypothalamus in Craniopharyngioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ram Hong ◽  
Miwoo Lee ◽  
Jung Hyun Lee ◽  
Jung Hee Kim ◽  
Yong Hwy Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Primary Surgery ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
T2 Weighted Images

ObjectiveSeveral attempts have been done to capture damaged hypothalamus (HT) using volumetric measurements to predict the development of hypothalamic obesity in patients with craniopharyngioma (CP). This study was to develop a novel method of HT volume measurement and examine the associations between postoperative HT volume and clinical parameters in patients with CP.MethodsWe included 78 patients with adult-onset CP who underwent surgical resection. Postoperative HT volume was measured using T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a slice thickness of 3 mm, and corrected for temporal lobe volume. We collected data on pre- and postoperative body weights, which were measured at the time of HT volume measurements.ResultsThe corrected postoperative HT volume measured using T1- and T2-weighted images was significantly correlated (r=0.51 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32 to 0.67], P<0.01). However, HT volume was overestimated using T1-weighted images owing to obscured MR signal of the thalamus in patients with severe HT damage. Therefore, we used T2-weighted images to evaluate its clinical implications in 72 patients with available medical data. Postoperative HT volume was negatively associated with preoperative body weight and preoperative tumor volume (r=–0.25 [95% CI -0.45 to -0.04], P=0.04 and r=–0.26 [95% CI -0.40 to -0.15], P=0.03, respectively). In the subgroup analysis of CP patients who underwent primary surgery (n=56), pre- and postoperative body weights were negatively associated with HT volume (r=–0.30 [95% CI -0.53 to -0.03], P=0.03 and r=–0.29 [95% CI -0.53 to -0.02], P=0.03, respectively).ConclusionsAdult-onset CP patients showed negative associations between postoperative HT volume and preoperative/postoperative body weight using a new method of HT volume measurement based on T2-weighted images.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

Roux-en-Y Gastrointestinal Bypass Promotes Activation of TGR5 and Peptide YY

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262-1267
Author(s):  
Haojun Yang ◽  
Hanyang Liu ◽  
YuWen Jiao ◽  
Jun Qian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bypass ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Background: G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) is involved in a number of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the role of TGR5 after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP). Methods: Wild type and TGR5 knockout mice (tgr5-/-) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish the obesity model. GBP was performed. The changes in body weight and food intake were measured. The levels of TGR5 and peptide YY (PYY) were evaluated by RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Moreover, the L-cells were separated from wild type and tgr5-/- mice. The levels of PYY in L-cells were evaluated by ELISA. Results: The body weights were significantly decreased after GBP in wild type mice (p<0.05), but not tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). Food intake was reduced after GBP in wild type mice, but also not significantly affected in tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). The levels of PYY were significantly increased after GBP compared with the sham group (p<0.05); however, in tgr5-/- mice the expression of PYY was not significantly affected (p>0.05). After INT-777 stimulation in L-cells obtained from murine intestines, the levels of PYY were significantly increased in L-cells tgr5+/+ (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that GBP up-regulated the expression of TGR5 in murine intestines, and increased the levels of PYY, which further reduced food intake and decreased the body weight.

scholarly journals A deep-learning method using computed tomography scout images for estimating patient body weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shota Ichikawa ◽  
Misaki Hamada ◽  
Hiroyuki Sugimori
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Drug Dosing ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Dose Management ◽  
Medium Dose

AbstractBody weight is an indispensable parameter for determination of contrast medium dose, appropriate drug dosing, or management of radiation dose. However, we cannot always determine the accurate patient body weight at the time of computed tomography (CT) scanning, especially in emergency care. Time-efficient methods to estimate body weight with high accuracy before diagnostic CT scans currently do not exist. In this study, on the basis of 1831 chest and 519 abdominal CT scout images with the corresponding body weights, we developed and evaluated deep-learning models capable of automatically predicting body weight from CT scout images. In the model performance assessment, there were strong correlations between the actual and predicted body weights in both chest (ρ = 0.947, p < 0.001) and abdominal datasets (ρ = 0.869, p < 0.001). The mean absolute errors were 2.75 kg and 4.77 kg for the chest and abdominal datasets, respectively. Our proposed method with deep learning is useful for estimating body weights from CT scout images with clinically acceptable accuracy and potentially could be useful for determining the contrast medium dose and CT dose management in adult patients with unknown body weight.

scholarly journals CTNI-15. CLINICAL EFFICACY OF ONC201 IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED DIPG AND IN PREVIOUSLY IRRADIATED PEDIATRIC H3 K27M-MUTANT GLIOMAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii45-ii45
Author(s):  
Sharon Gardner ◽  
Carl Koschmann ◽  
Rohinton S Tarapore ◽  
Jeffrey Allen ◽  
Wafik Zaky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Phase Ii Trials ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Post Radiation

Abstract ONC201, an anti-cancer DRD2 antagonist and ClpP agonist, is in Phase II trials for adult H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas. In adults, the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of 625mg ONC201 once a week has been established as a biologically active dose that is well tolerated. Radiographic regressions with single agent ONC201 have been reported in adult recurrent H3 K27M-mutant glioma patients. This multi-arm, dose-escalation and dose-expansion trial determined the pediatric RP2D of ONC201 administered as an oral capsule (Arm A) or liquid formulation (Arm E) in post-radiation H3 K27M-mutant glioma (Arm A) or in newly diagnosed DIPG (Arm B) patients. Molecular assessments include intratumoral ONC201 concentrations (Arm C) and CSF H3 K27M DNA levels (Arm D). Enrollment as of April 30, 2020 is complete in Arm A (22) and Arm E (26) and continues in Arm B (18/24), Arm C (5/12), and Arm D (22/24). The RP2D of weekly 625mg ONC201 scaled by body weight was confirmed when administered as a capsule or a liquid formulation as a single agent or in combination with radiation without dose-limiting toxicity. The most frequent adverse events regardless of attribution to the drug were predominantly low grade: ONC201 capsule alone was headache (54.5%), nausea (36.4%), and fatigue (36.4%); ONC201 liquid formulation was vomiting (31.8%), headache (22.7%), VIth nerve disorder (22.7%); ONC201 capsules in combination with radiation (Arm B) was headache (47.1%), vomiting (52.9%), nausea (41.2%). Pharmacokinetic analysis in plasma of Arm A patients revealed T1/2: 8.4h; Tmax: 2.1h; Cmax: 2.3ug/mL; AUC0-tlast: 16.4ug/mL, with similar exposure across body weights. In conclusion, when scaled by body weight the ONC201 capsule or liquid formulation alone or in combination with radiation were associated with safety and pharmacokinetic profiles in pediatric H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma patients that are similar to the experience in adults.

scholarly journals 93 Evaluation of the intake and digestibility of ensiled residual material from edamame soybean processing with and without the use of an inoculant

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 74-74
Author(s):  
Ellen M Herring ◽  
Elizabeth B Kegley ◽  
Ken Coffey ◽  
Shane Gadberry ◽  
Jeremy G Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Soybean Processing ◽  
Silage Inoculant ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This research evaluated the effects of ensiled edamame soybean processing waste on ruminant intake and total tract digestibility. Waste from processing stored edamame was obtained (3 trips) and wilted (28%, 25%, and 37% DM), then treated with or without inoculant (Lactobacillus buchneri) and ensiled in 167 L plastic barrels (2 or 3 barrels/treatment from each trip) for 72 (Trip 1) or 69 (Trip 2 and 3) days. Pregnant ewes (n = 18; body weight = 55.5 ± 1.2 kg; 2 to 3 years old) were blocked by body weight and assigned randomly within a block to treatments within a trip, then each ewe was assigned to a barrel of silage. Ewes were housed individually in 1 × 1.5-m pens and offered silage for a 10-day adaptation period followed by 7 days of total feces and urine collection. Ewes were offered silage to allow for 10% orts and were offered 0.2% of their body weight of soyhulls and 32 g of mineral supplement/day to meet their predicted nutrient requirements for gestating ewes. Ewes consumed 1,616 ± 54 g DM/day (X ± SEM) or 2.9 ± 0.12% of their body weight and there was no effect (P ≥ 0.85) of inoculant treatment on DM intake (g/day or % of body weight). Dry matter digestibility was not affected (P = 0.98) by inoculant and averaged 55.7 ± 0.66%. Ewe average daily gain for the 17-day trial tended to be greater (P = 0.08) for the ewes offered the silage without inoculant (0.18 vs. 0.04 kg/d). Ensiling edamame processing waste yielded a feed that ewes consumed in adequate amounts to maintain their body weights over 17 days when also supplemented with soyhulls. The addition of silage inoculant had minimal effects on intake, digestibility, or ewe body weight change.

Seasonal changes in pancreatic B-cell function in euthermic yellow-bellied marmots

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (2) ◽  
pp. R159-R165 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Florant ◽  
A. K. Lawrence ◽  
K. Williams ◽  
W. A. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pancreatic B Cell ◽  
Peripheral Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
System Input

Fasting plasma insulin (PI) and glucose (PG) concentrations were measured throughout the body weight cycle of marmots. Animals gained weight during summer, and in late fall body weight peaked, after which they ceased feeding. Each month euthermic animals were injected intra-arterially with either dextrose (500 mg/kg) or porcine insulin (0.1 U/kg), and blood samples were collected over the subsequent 2 h. During weight gain fasting PI concentration and pancreatic B-cell response to injected dextrose increased markedly. Maximal insulin release to a dextrose challenge was measured during peak body weight or when body weight initially began to decline. The PG concentration after exogenous insulin administration was slight (less than 10%) in the fall but increased approximately 25% in the spring after marmots lost weight. Basal PG levels were not significantly different throughout the year. Basal fasting PI concentrations were significantly higher during the fall (P less than 0.01). It is suggested that in the fall, when marmots are obese, hyperinsulinemia and peripheral insulin resistance appear. Furthermore, in two animals with an increase in body weight of approximately 30% or less over the summer, peripheral resistance was demonstrable, albeit not as marked as in animals that appropriately doubled their body weights when given food ad libitum. Thus we hypothesize that factors other than adiposity, i.e., food intake, central nervous system input to the pancreatic B-cell, and/or changes in B-cell sensitivity to PG, may contribute to the observed peripheral insulin resistance and may be involved in body weight regulation.

GROWTH, PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CANADIAN BREED OF CATTLE AND ITS FIRST CROSS AND BACKCROSS WITH THE BROWN SWISS. I. BODY WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-860
Author(s):  
DOMINIQUE D. RONY ◽  
MOHAMED H. FAHMY ◽  
WILFRIED B. HOLTMANN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Growth Production

Body weight and seven body dimensions measuring the length, height, width and depth were taken at birth and every 180 days up to 720 days of age on 49 pure Canadian, 49 first cross of 1/2 Brown Swiss 1/2 Canadian, and 30 backcross of 1/4 Brown Swiss 3/4 Canadian heifers. The animals were raised up to 180 days of age at the Deschambault Station, then half the pure Canadian and the first cross were transferred to the La Pocatière Station. At birth, the pure Canadian calves weighed 29.2 kg and were lighter than the first and backcrosses by 6.9 kg (24%) and 4.8 kg (16%), respectively. The two crosses exceeded the pure Canadian in all the dimensions, the differences being significant in height at shoulder and width at rumps. At 360 days of age the two crosses were about 6% heavier and 4% higher at shoulder than the pure Canadian. With the exception of body length after 1 yr of age in which the backcross was slightly inferior to the pure Canadian, the two crosses were generally larger than the pure Canadian, with the backcross being intermediate between the first cross and the pure Canadian. The effects of season of birth and age of dam were found to be non-significant on most of the traits studied in this experiment.

scholarly journals The Influence of Broilers’ Body Weight on the Efficiency of Electrical Stunning and Meat Quality under Field Conditions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1362
Author(s):  
Giorgio Smaldone ◽  
Stefano Capezzuto ◽  
Rosa Luisa Ambrosio ◽  
Maria Francesca Peruzy ◽  
Raffaele Marrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Corneal Reflex ◽  
Experimental Trials

Water-bath stunning represents the most-applied stunning system in poultry slaughtering, but within the European Union, specific indications on electric parameters that should be used, such as voltage, are missing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of two commercially available types of electrical equipment (A and B) on broilers with different live body weights and the influence of the tested parameters on meat quality. Experimental trials in a European Union-approved slaughterhouse were carried out using two different stunners. 6600 broilers, divided into three weight groups, were stunned applying different protocols based on the same current frequencies and intensity but different voltages. The state of unconsciousness (presence of corneal reflex and wings flapping) and post-mortem defects (pectoral hemorrhages and dark meat) were evaluated by blinded trained operators. The presence of corneal reflex and petechiae were the most reported consciousness signs and post-mortem injuries, respectively. Different weights played an important role within stunner A, registering statistical differences (p < 0.01) among groups. Considering injuries, an inverse relationship between body weight and lesions was found. The results highlighted the effectiveness of both stunning systems applying the best combination of electrical parameters considering the weight of the animal and ensuring its well-being.

EMPTY BODY WEIGHTS, CARCASS WEIGHTS AND OFFAL PROPORTIONS IN BULLS AND STEERS OF DIFFERENT MATURE SIZE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
R. E. ROMPALA ◽  
J. W. WILTON ◽  
C. H. WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Animal Size

Empty body weights, carcass weights and offal proportions were compared in 33 young beef bulls and 33 beef steers of different mature body size (35 small or mainly British breed crosses, 31 large or Continental crosses). All cattle were fed a high energy diet based on corn silage and high moisture corn from weaning to slaughter. Slaughter was carried out once 6 mm of fat had been attained at the 11/12th ribs, determined ultrasonically. Feed was removed 24 h and water 16 h prior to slaughter. The offal components were all weighed fresh and the alimentary components emptied of digesta. Bulls weighed 8.0% heavier (P < 0.05) than steers at slaughter, while large animals were 38.7% heavier (P < 0.0001) than small animals. Bulls and large animals had carcasses that dressed out 1.5% heavier than steers and small animals. To eliminate the effect of gutfill, carcass weights and offal components were expressed as a proportion of empty body weight. Bulls had a higher proportion of warm carcass weight and lower proportions of liver, spleen, heart, lungs, rumen, abomasum, large intestine and front feet relative to empty body weight than steers. Large animals had a greater proportion of warm carcass weight and hind feet, and a lower proportion of head, hide, liver, kidneys, omasum and small intestine relative to empty body weight than small animals. All castration by size interactions for liveweight, carcass weight, empty body weight and offal proportions were not significant. Castration and small animal size both increased the proportion of noncarcass parts relative to empty body weight in animals slaughtered at similar finish. Key words: Body, carcass, offal, bull, steer, maturity

Subchronic Hepatotoxicity Evaluation of Hydrazobenzene in Fischer 344 Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 564-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darol E. Dodd ◽  
Linda J. Pluta ◽  
Mark A. Sochaski ◽  
Henry G. Wall ◽  
Russell S. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
F344 Rats

Male F344 rats were exposed to hydrazobenzene (HZB) by dietary feed at concentrations of 0, 5, 20, 80, 200, or 300 ppm for 5 days, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, or 13 weeks duration. End points evaluated included clinical observations, body weights, liver weights, serum chemistry, blood HZB, gross pathology, and liver histopathology. There were no HZB exposure-related clinical signs of toxicity. During study weeks 8 through 13, body weight means in rats of the 300 ppm group were 6% lower compared to control rat means. Serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations were decreased in rats of the 300 ppm group at all time points. Relative (to body weight) liver weight increases were observed in rats of the 200 and 300 ppm groups following 5 days (300 ppm only), 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 13 weeks of exposure. Following 13 weeks of exposure, microscopic findings in the liver were observed only in rats of the 200 and 300 ppm groups and consisted of hypertrophy, macrovesiculation, eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, and bile duct duplication. Blood HZB concentrations ranged from 0.002 to 0.006 µg/mL in rats of the 200 or 300 ppm groups. A no observed effect level of 80 ppm (4.80 mg/kg per d) was selected based on the observation of microscopic hepatocyte alterations at ≥200 ppm HZB.

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