scholarly journals A Web Screening on Educational Initiatives to Increase Citizens’ Literacy on Genomics and Genetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Sassano ◽  
Giovanna Elisa Calabrò ◽  
Stefania Boccia
Keyword(s):  
Web Search ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Web Portals ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Educational Initiatives ◽  
Effective Interventions

IntroductionPopulation awareness and empowerment in omics sciences represent a fundamental driver to increase the adoption of evidence-based approaches in personalized medicine. In this context, a pivotal role is played by citizens’ literacy, and educational initiatives carried out in this context are key assets to drive future effective interventions. With the present study, we summarized the educational initiatives conducted worldwide aimed at increasing citizens’ literacy in omics sciences.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a web search of the educational initiatives aimed at improving citizens’ literacy in omics sciences undertaken worldwide, by using three search engines (Google, Bing, and Yahoo Search), in English and in Italian languages.ResultsWe identified five initiatives in Europe, 22 in non-European countries, and 13 in Italy. Overall, the majority (69%) were web-based initiatives, while 31% required in-person attendance. The online initiatives included web pages for reading, online lessons/courses, web portals, videos/short movies, animations, and apps for mobile devices. The residential initiatives, on the other hand, included exhibitions, seminars, courses, symposia, information stands in public places, guided visits to research laboratories, and interactive laboratories. All the initiatives were highly heterogeneous in terms of methodologies and the topics addressed.Discussion and ConclusionOverall, we identified a variety of initiatives aimed at improving citizens’ literacy in omics sciences, with the largest majority carried out in the United States and being web-based. Our results showed heterogeneity among the initiatives as to the dealt topics and the adopted methods. Further research is needed, however, to quantitatively assess the effectiveness of educational initiatives to improve citizens’ literacy in omics sciences.

Systematic review on citizens’ literacy in omic sciences and web search of initiatives to improve it

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sassano ◽  
G E Calabrò ◽  
A Tognetto ◽  
A Federici ◽  
W Ricciardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
And Control

Abstract Introduction We are assisting to a progressive change in the classical approach to patient care toward so-called personalized medicine, mainly driven by the development of omic sciences. To implement omic sciences into practice it is important to address healthcare professionals', policy makers', leaders', and citizens' literacy Methods As part of a project funded by the Italian Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (CCM), we carried out a systematic review (SR) on citizens' attitude, knowledge, and educational needs in omic sciences. The search was carried out on Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase. We also conducted a separate web search on Google, Yahoo, and Bing on initiatives published in Italian and English aimed at improving citizens' literacy in the same field. Websites of retrieved initiatives were examined to identify additional resources Results Forty-nine studies were included in the SR. Most studies (n = 26, 66.7%) reported low levels of knowledge in omic sciences among citizens, and conflicting attitudes related to potential risks and benefits of omic sciences. Eleven studies (22%) evaluated citizens' educational needs, and most (n = 9, 82%) reported a clear knowledge gap. As for the web search, 13 initiatives were identified in Italy, 4 in Europe, and 22 in non-European Countries. Overall, 33% of them required in-person attendance, while 67% were web-based resources. The former included exhibitions, seminars, courses, symposia, information stands in public places, guided visits at research laboratories, and interactive laboratories; the latter included web-pages for reading, online lessons and courses, web portals for information, videos and short movies, animations, apps for mobile devices Conclusions Results show a clear need to improve citizens' literacy. To achieve this goal, the implementation of effective strategies and initiatives is crucial, hence this effort to summarize the existing ones will be essential for future plan developments. Key messages The current challenge is to identify effective methods of improving citizens' literacy and implementing them. Only through citizens’ empowerment the implementation of omic sciences in the Health System will be possible, since citizens are increasingly active in the health context.

Characteristics, uniqueness and overlap of information sources linked from North American public library Web sites

First Monday ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Prabha ◽  
Raymond Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
The United States ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Library Community ◽  
Specific Search

This article reports on the availability, domain distribution, percentage of Web sites versus Web pages, perceived value, and category of 31,400 Web–based resources selected by 50 public libraries in the United States and Canada. Eighty–seven percent of these resources were available, 60 percent were Web pages, and resources selected by 20 percent of the sampled libraries were finding tools such as general or subject specific search engines. Ninety–three percent of the resources were selected by just one of the 50 libraries; only 17 percent of the resources appeared to be primarily of local interest. The public may be unaware of these unique resources. The public library community must develop programs to increase the awareness and sharing of these evaluated resources.

scholarly journals Individualized Web-Based Attention Training with Evidence-Based Counseling: Exploratory Study to Address HIV Treatment Adherence and Psychological Distress (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Houston ◽  
Javad Salehi Fadardi ◽  
Nina T. Harawa ◽  
Chris Argueta ◽  
Sukrit Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Attention Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Web Based

BACKGROUND The prevalence of mood and trauma-stress-related disorders is disproportionately higher among people living HIV compared to individuals without the virus. Poor adherence to HIV treatment and heightened psychological distress have been linked to symptoms associated with these disorders. OBJECTIVE The objective of this exploratory pilot study was to develop and implement an intervention that combined individualized web-based attention training with evidence-based counseling to promote HIV treatment adherence and reduce psychological distress. The study targeted African American and Latino young men who have sex with men (YMSM), two population groups in the United States that continue to experience disparities in HIV treatment outcomes. METHODS Study participants with elevated symptoms of depression and suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) were recruited primarily through referrals from Los Angeles health and social service providers as well as postings on social media. Participants enrolled in the four-week intervention received weekly counseling for adherence and daily access to web-based attention training via their own mobile devices or computers. RESULTS Of the 14 participants who began the intervention, twelve (86%) completed all sessions and study procedures. Using a pretest-posttest design, findings indicate significant improvements in adherence, depressive symptoms, and attention processing. Overall, the proportion of participants reporting low adherence to ART declined from 42% at baseline to 25% at intervention completion (P=.02, phi = .68). Mean depressive symptoms measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) showed a substantial reduction of 36% (P=.002, d=1.2). In addition, participant attentional processing speeds for all types of stimuli pairings presented during attention training improved significantly (Ps = .01 and .02), and were accompanied by large effect sizes ranging from -.78 to -1.0. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the feasibility of web-based attention training combined with counseling to improve ART adherence among patients with psychological distress. Future research should include a larger sample, a control group, and longer-term follow-up. CLINICALTRIAL

Social Bookmarking and Web Search

2010 ◽  
pp. 242-259
Author(s):  
Yusuke Yanbe ◽  
Adam Jatowt ◽  
Satoshi Nakamura ◽  
Katsumi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Web Search ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Social Bookmarking ◽  
The Social ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
The Web

Social bookmarking is an emerging type of a Web service for reusing, sharing, and discovering resources. By bookmarking, users preserve access points to encountered documents for their future access. On the other hand, the social aspect of bookmarking results from the visibility of bookmarks to other users helping them to discover new, potentially interesting resources. In addition, social bookmarking systems allow for better estimation of the popularity and relevance of documents. In this chapter, we provide an overview of major aspects involved with social bookmarking and investigate their potential for enhancing Web search and for building novel applications. We make a comparative analysis of two popularity measures of Web pages, PageRank and SBRank, where SBRank is defined as an aggregate number of bookmarks that a given page accumulates in a selected social bookmarking system. The results of this analysis reveal the advantages of SBRank when compared to PageRank measure and provide the foundations for utilizing social bookmarking information in order to enhance and improve search in the Web. In the second part of the chapter, we describe an application that combines SBRank and PageRank measures in order to rerank results delivered by Web search engines and that offers several complimentary functions for realizing more effective search.

scholarly journals Evaluating High Performance the Evidence-Based Way: The Case of the Swagelok Transformers

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401773680
Author(s):  
André de Waal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North American ◽  
High Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
High Performing ◽  
The North ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Study Results ◽  
High Performance Organization

Many of the publications on achieving high performance have been written by North American researchers and consultants, and the case companies they described originate mainly from the United States. However, there is a lack of long-term studies that subject the described techniques to rigorous evidence-based management research in North American companies, to test the ideas in practice over a period of time to evaluate their relevance to managerial practice. In this article, we evaluate the high performance organization (HPO) Framework, a scientifically validated technique for helping organizations become high performing, in the North American context. This framework evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the internal organization of a company, using a questionnaire. This questionnaire was applied in 2013 at seven Swagelok locations in the United States and Canada. From the questionnaire improvement opportunities were identified on which the locations subsequently worked. In 2015, the questionnaire was repeated to evaluate the effects of these improvements on the locations’ performance and to identify the most effective interventions. The study results show that the application of the HPO Framework had different outcomes depending on local circumstances. Some locations experienced a growth while other locations used the framework to battle the consequences of adverse economic circumstances. All locations agreed that the HPO Framework had been instrumental, in a positive way, to the development of their organization and its people.

Panizzi, Lubetzky and Google: How the Modern Web Environment is Reinventing the Theory of Cataloguing

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Grant Campbell ◽  
Karl V. Fast
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Knowledge Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Web Environment ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Web Search Engines

This paper uses cataloguing theory to interpret the partial results of an exploratory study of university students using Web search engines and Web-based OPACs. The participants expressed frustration with the OPAC; while they sensed that it was “organized,” they were unable to exploit that organization, and attributed their failure to the inadequacy of their own skills. In the Google searches, on the other hand, students were getting support traditionally advocated in catalogue design. Google gave them starting points: resources that broadly addressed their requirements, enabling them to get a greater sense of the knowledge structure that would help them to increase their precision in subsequent searches.Cette étude utilise la théorie du catalogage pour interpréter les résultats partiels d'une recherche exploratoire d'étudiants universitaires utilisant les moteurs de recherche Web et les catalogues publics en ligne. Les participants ont exprimé leur frustration envers les catalogues publics en ligne. Bien qu'ils percevaient que les catalogues sont "organisés", ils ont été incapables d’utiliser cette organisation et ont attribué leur échec au manque d'adaptation de leurs propres capacités. Lors de recherches avec Google, d'autre part, les étudiants ont reçu l’assistance traditionnellement proposée dans la conception d’un catalogue. Google leur a donné des points de départ : ressources qui répondent largement à leurs besoins, leur permettant ainsi d’obtenir une meilleure compréhension de la structure des connaissances qui pourraient les aider par la suite à augmenter leur précision lors de recherche. 

University Students using a Screen Reader for Education Tasks

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (15) ◽  
pp. 985-989
Author(s):  
Wayne Shebilske ◽  
Ganesh Alakke ◽  
Shruti Narakesari
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
The Other ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Screen Reader ◽  
Web Based ◽  
High Compliance ◽  
Screen Readers ◽  
Proficiency Assessment

As a step toward distinguishing problems with a screen reader (JAWS), web pages, and users, we tested two blind university students with our Usability Proficiency Assessment Tool (UPAT). We then tested their understanding of web-based software that they often used with JAWS in their education. One student had advanced skills and the other had intermediate skills in using tables, headings, forms, images, links, and combinations of these web features. Despite their more than adequate skills they had many problems using software that was in high compliance with World Wide Web consortium (W3C) standards (Ryan, 2008). The problems stemmed from gaps between JAWS and web pages. We review these gaps and make recommendations for closing them. Implementing our recommendations will require a dialogue among developers of screen readers and applications as well as users and trainers.

Viewpoint: Mismatch between the European and American guidelines on oral antiplatelet P2Y12 inhibitors after acute coronary syndromes

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (07) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
James DiNicolantonio ◽  
Victor Serebruany
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Task Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
P2y12 Inhibitors ◽  
The Us ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Esc Guidelines

SummaryRecent European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines declare superiority of prasugrel and ticagrelor over clopidogrel in non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and STEMI patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The recommendations for NSTEMI and especially STEMI are based on a subgroup analyses yielded from a single trial with either prasugrel (TRITON), or ticagrelor (PLATO). In contrast, the United States (US) Guidelines present a more balanced, conservative, and evidence-based outlook suggesting no proven extra benefit of one P2Y12 antagonist over the other(s). It was the purpose of this study to scrutinise the evidence leading to the current ESC ACS Guidelines on oral antiplatelet agents and compare them with US recommendations. Matching the evidence from TRITON and PLATO primary publications with the data reported in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) official reviews in light of their impact on current regional ACS Guidelines on antiplatelet P2Y12 inhibitors. The available body of evidence on the efficacy and safety of the new oral P2Y12 inhibitors challenge the ESC Guidelines, and supports the US recommendations. Some of the pivotal data with regard to the newer P2Y12 inhibitors (prasugrel and ticagrelor) on event definition, adjudication, questionable efficacy, and serious safety concerns were ignored by the European Task Force Members, while the other “beneficial” findings were exaggerated to a disproportional extent. We conclude that current ESC Guidelines, with regard to their recommendation of superiority of prasugrel or ticagrelor over clopidogrel, in contrast to the US, are overoptimistic, and not evidence based. Low clinical utilisation of prasugrel and especially ticagrelor worldwide in general, and Europe in particular suggests mismatch of prescription habits with issued ESC recommendations.

Engaging student interpreters in vocabulary building: Web search with computer workbench

ReCALL ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Lim
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Web Portals ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Vocabulary Building ◽  
General Search ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Engaging Student

AbstractThis paper investigates the usefulness of Web portals in a workbench for assisting student interpreters in the search for and collection of vocabulary. The experiment involved a class of fifteen English as a Foreign Language (EFL) student interpreters, who were required to equip themselves with the appropriate English vocabulary to handle an interpreting task they had been assigned. The subjects were given the same topic for vocabulary building in two stages – one stage without and the other stage with the use of the workbench. They were not allowed to repeat vocabulary items in the two stages. They documented their experience in vocabulary preparation in the first stage, and provided think-aloud protocols for the second stage. They also completed a questionnaire and submitted two portfolios. The vocabulary portfolios compiled during the two stages were then compared. The results indicate that, with the use of the workbench, the subjects were more efficient in performing the task of building vocabulary by searching for the required vocabulary, and were able to build a vocabulary portfolio that was larger in size and richer in variety. The data also reveal that most students make use of Web portals that have a specific focus, rather than general search engines. The findings provide important information to support the use of the workbench as a tool for training EFL student interpreters in vocabulary building, and also show that guided Web portals are essential for users who need to perform Web-based language learning activities to achieve efficient search results.

The Speech-Language Assessment of English Language Learning Students: A Non-Standardized Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kraemer ◽  
Allison Coltisor ◽  
Meesha Kalra ◽  
Megan Martinez ◽  
Bailey Savage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
English Language Learning ◽  
Assessment Practices ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
English Speaking

English language learning (ELL) children suspected of having specific-language impairment (SLI) should be assessed using the same methods as monolingual English-speaking children born and raised in the United States. In an effort to reduce over- and under-identification of ELL children as SLI, speech-language pathologists (SLP) must employ nonbiased assessment practices. This article presents several evidence-based, nonstandarized assessment practices SLPs can implement in place of standardized tools. As the number of ELL children SLPs come in contact with increases, the need for well-trained and knowledgeable SLPs grows. The goal of the authors is to present several well-establish, evidence-based assessment methods for assessing ELL children suspected of SLI.

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