scholarly journals A Glance at the Use of Glucocorticoids in Rare Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases: Still an Indispensable Pharmacological Tool?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Ronchetti ◽  
Emira Ayroldi ◽  
Erika Ricci ◽  
Marco Gentili ◽  
Graziella Migliorati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Research Investment ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Induced Proteins

Since their discovery, glucocorticoids (GCs) have been used to treat almost all autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, as well as allergies and some forms of malignancies, because of their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. Although GCs provide only symptomatic relief and do not eliminate the cause of the pathology, in the majority of treatments, GCs frequently cannot be replaced by other classes of drugs. Consequently, long-term treatments cause adverse effects that may, in turn, lead to new pathologies that sometimes require the withdrawal of GC therapy. Therefore, thus far, researchers have focused their efforts on molecules that have the same efficacy as that of GCs but cause fewer adverse effects. To this end, some GC-induced proteins, such as glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), have been used as drugs in mouse models of inflammatory pathologies. In this review, we focus on some important but rare autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases for which the biomedical research investment in new therapies is less likely. Additionally, we critically evaluate the possibility of treating such diseases with other drugs, either GC-related or unrelated.

scholarly journals Long term outcomes of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases after percutaneous coronary intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Marcusohn ◽  
R Zukermann ◽  
A Roguin ◽  
O Kobo
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary

Abstract Introduction Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases are at increased risk for coronary artery disease. Aim We aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods A Retrospective cohort study of all adult (>18 years) patients who underwent PCI in a large [1000 bed] tertiary care centerfrom January 2002 to August 2020. Results A total of 12,951 patients underwent PCI during the study period and were included in the cohort. The population of chronic inflammatory diseases includes 247/12,951 [1.9%]; 70 with IBD and 173 with AIRD. The composite endpoint of mortality, ACS or CHF admission was more frequent in the inflammatory disease group (77.5% in AIRD group, 72.9% in the IBD group and 59.6% in the non-inflammatory group, p<0.001). The adjusted cox regression model found a statistically significant increased risk of the composite primary endpoints of around 40% for patients both with AIRD and IBD. The increased risk for ACS was 61% for AIRD patients and 37% for IBD patients. Patients with inflammatory diseases were found to have a significant increased risk CHF admission, while both IBD and AIED patients had a non-significant increased risk for mortality. Conclusion Patients with AIRD and IBD are at higher risk for cardiovascular events also in long term follow up once diagnosed with CAD and treated with PCI. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

STUDY OF SPECIFIC PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SODIUM SALT (4-О-Β-GLUCOPYRANOSYLOXY)-BENZOIC ACID

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Smirnov Ivan ◽  
Murashko Tatyana ◽  
Ivanov Alex ◽  
Bondarev Alex ◽  
Udut Vladimir
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Chronic inflammatory diseases of various genesis are prevalent today. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to treat pain and inflammation, but their long-term use is associated with complications in the gastrointestinal tract, including peptic ulcers. We synthesized a molecule of sodium salt (4-О-β-glucopyranosyloxy)-benzoic acid. This substance has diuretic and anti-inflammatory activities. It should be noted that most of NSAIDs has analgesic effect. In this connection, the aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic activity of sodium salt (4-О-β-glucopyranosyloxy)-benzoic acid. We studied analgesic effect in the test “acetic writhing”. Sodium salt (4-О-β-glucopyranosyloxy)-benzoic acid significantly reduces the number of writhing by 14 units during the experiment, as an alternative criterion percent of animals with analgesia was 42.6%. Thus, in the test "acetic writhing" revealed the presence of the analgesic activity have developed drug average severity. 

Acute and long-term effect of infliximab on humoral and echocardiographic parameters in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľubomír Tomáš ◽  
Ivica Lazúrová ◽  
Lýdia Pundová ◽  
Mária Oetterová ◽  
Mária Zakuciová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters

scholarly journals The neonatal microbiome in utero and beyond: perinatal influences and long-term impacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 275-291
Author(s):  
Lee Hill ◽  
Ruchika Sharma ◽  
Lara Hart ◽  
Jelena Popov ◽  
Michal Moshkovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Microbiome Development

Abstract The neonatal microbiome offers a valuable model for studying the origins of human health and disease. As the field of metagenomics expands, we also increase our understanding of early life influences on its development. In this review we will describe common techniques used to define and measure the microbiome. We will review in utero influences, normal perinatal development, and known risk factors for abnormal neonatal microbiome development. Finally, we will summarize current evidence that links early life microbial impacts on the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, obesity, and atopy.

Long term azathioprine fails to prevent onset of multiple sclerosis: report of two cases

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 362-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
C S Constantinescu ◽  
A Whiteley ◽  
L D Blumhardt
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drug ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Definite Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinically Definite Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive drug widely used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS). We report two patients who developed the first manifestations of clinically definite multiple sclerosis while on long term (3.5 and 10 years, respectively) treatment with azathioprine for Crohn's disease. Both patients developed the first MS symptoms during a quiescent phase of their inflammatory bowel disease. These cases show that long term azathioprine, while possibly maintaining inflammatory bowel disease under control, could not prevent the onset of MS.

scholarly journals GILZ as a Regulator of Cell Fate and Inflammation

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Stefano Bruscoli ◽  
Carlo Riccardi ◽  
Simona Ronchetti
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

One of the human body’s initial responses to stress is the adrenal response, involving the release of mediators that include adrenaline and glucocorticoids (GC). GC are involved in controlling the inflammatory and immune response mechanisms. Of these, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to anti-inflammatory effects warrant more investigation. Previously, we found that GC induced GILZ (glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper) quickly and widely in thymocytes, T lymphocytes, and other leukocytes. GILZ regulates the activation of cells and is an essential mediator of endogenous GC and the majority of GC anti-inflammatory effects. Further research in this regard could lead to the development of an anti-inflammatory treatment that yields the therapeutic outcomes of GC but without their characteristic adverse effects. Here, we examine the mechanisms of GILZ in the context of GC. Specifically, we review its role in the proliferation and differentiation of cells and in apoptosis. We also examine its involvement in immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes), and in non-immune cells, including cancer cells. In conclusion, GILZ is an anti-inflammatory molecule that could mediate the immunomodulatory activities of GC, with less adverse effects, and could be a target molecule for designing new therapies to treat inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Bronchodilator activity of Ocimum sanctum Linn. (tulsi) in mild and moderate asthmatic patients in comparison with salbutamol: a single-blind cross-over study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Vinaya M. ◽  
Kudagi B. L. ◽  
Mohammed Ameeruddin Kamdod ◽  
Mallikarjuna Swamy
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Bronchodilator Activity ◽  
Single Blind

Background: Bronchial asthma is one of the commonest chronic inflammatory diseases. The drugs available to treat bronchial asthma such as, beta-2 agonists, though very effective are associated with adverse effects. Therefore, the Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) which was shown to have antiasthmatic activity in Ayurveda, is evaluated in this study.Objectives: To evaluate the bronchodilator activity of Ocimum sanctum Linn. in mild and moderate asthma and compare its efficacy with the standard bronchodilator drug, Salbutamol.Methods: This is a single-blind cross-over study. Capsules of Ocimum sanctum Linn. (200 mg, twice daily) and Salbutamol sulphate (2 mg, twice daily) were administered in 41 patients. Each drug was administered for a period of one week with a washout period of one week between the two drug schedules. FEV1 and PEFR were recorded in these patients to assess the bronchodilator activity before the drug administration, on 4th and on 7th day of administration of Ocimum sanctum and the parameters obtained were compared with that of the standard drug, Salbutamol.Results: Ocimum sanctum 200mg twice daily produced significant improvement in both FEV1 and PEFR values, on 4th and 7th day and also produced improvement in symptoms of asthma. On comparing the results with that of Salbutamol 2mg twice daily, the bronchodilator activity of Ocimum sanctum was found to be less efficacious, where Salbutamol produced very highly significant improvement in FEV1 and PEFR values on both 4th and 7th day.Conclusions: Our results suggest that Ocimum sanctum Linn. possesses significant bronchodilator activity in mild and moderate bronchial asthma.

scholarly journals Sulfasalazine Microparticles Targeting Macrophages for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases Affecting the Synovial Cavity

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 951
Author(s):  
Monica-Carolina Villa-Hermosilla ◽  
Ana Fernández-Carballido ◽  
Carolina Hurtado ◽  
Emilia Barcia ◽  
Consuelo Montejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with sulfasalazine (SSZ) extensively used for long-term treatment of both juvenile and adult RA. Its use is associated with adverse effects and toxicity due to its non-selective biodistribution. Macrophages play an important role in inflammatory processes. In order to target SSZ to macrophages in this work two microparticulate systems (MPs) are developed: SSZ-loaded PLGA MPs without and with α-tocopherol, with particle sizes lower than 5 μm and encapsulation efficiencies of 81.07 ± 11% and 63.50 ± 6.62%, respectively. Release of SSZ from MPs prepared with α-tocopherol was prolonged for 20 days. In RAW 264.7 cell macrophages MPs prepared with α-tocopherol were captured faster. Cell viability studies confirmed that SSZ-loaded MPs prepared without and with α-tocopherol did not produce cytotoxicity at the concentrations assayed. The anti-inflammatory activity of SSZ-loaded MPs was studied by quantifying interleukins IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in macrophages. All formulations produced a significant reduction of cytokine concentrations after 24 and 72 h, indicating that release of SSZ from the MPs was able to inhibit the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Gene expression of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α was decreased by SSZ-loaded MPs. SSZ-loaded MPs prepared with α-tocopherol will potentially allow increasing the residence time of SSZ in the synovial cavity, prolonging its duration of action, and reducing the adverse effects associated with its non-selective biodistribution.

scholarly journals Results of the use of natural healing factors of Crimea in the treatment of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis with the background of gastroenterological pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
S. G. Bezrukov ◽  
I. F. Feshchenko ◽  
E. I. Belenova ◽  
E. A. Tarasenko ◽  
V. V. Nikolenko
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Natural Healing ◽  
Positive Results

Relevance. Currently, researchers pay close attention to the study of chronic diseases that have a direct or indirect impact on the state of the patient’s dental status. It is known that chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral organs are, often simultaneously, permanent foci of infection that affect the state of other systems and organs. The general list of such diseases includes: chronic gingivitis, chronic generalized periodontitis, glossitis, gingivostomatitis.Aim. The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of complex conservative therapy, including natural therapeutic factors of Crimea, in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral organs, occurring against the background of somatic pathology.Materials and methods. The objects of the study were periodontal tissues in 70 people with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) and gingivostomatitis, occurring against the background of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases.Results. The results obtained indicate that complex treatment with local application of hydrotherapy named “PhytoBiol” and thermal Saka mineral water (in a dilution of 1:4), combined with periodontal dressings according to the recipe proposed by us, cause persistent remission of these diseases, contribute to the improvement of periodontal tissues and oral mucosa. Thus, complex treatment of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues in patients in the main group (n = 35) led to long-term remission in 82.33% of cases, while in the control group the result was 69.5% (at p < 0.05).Conclusions. The positive results, which were obtained, give grounds to recommend the proposed complex of treatment and prevention of exacerbations of this chronic disease for use in practical health care.

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