scholarly journals Mapping Pulmonary and Systemic Inflammation in Preschool Aged Children With Cystic Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivanthan Shanthikumar ◽  
Sarath C. Ranganathan ◽  
Richard Saffery ◽  
Melanie R. Neeland
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Pulmonary Infiltration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Immune Profiling ◽  
Cytokine Profiling ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

The immune landscape of the paediatric respiratory system remains largely uncharacterised and as a result, the mechanisms of globally important childhood respiratory diseases remain poorly understood. In this work, we used high parameter flow cytometry and inflammatory cytokine profiling to map the local [bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)] and systemic (whole blood) immune response in preschool aged children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and aged-matched healthy controls. We demonstrate that children with CF show pulmonary infiltration of CD66b+ granulocytes and increased levels of MIP-1α, MIG, MCP-1, IL-8, and IL-6 in BAL relative to healthy control children. Proportions of systemic neutrophils positively correlated with age in children with CF, whilst systemic CD4 T cells and B cells were inversely associated with age. Inflammatory cells in the BAL from both CF and healthy children expressed higher levels of activation and migration markers relative to their systemic counterparts. This work highlights the utility of multiplex immune profiling and advanced analytical pipelines to understand mechanisms of lung disease in childhood.

Application of high dimensional flow cytometry and unsupervised analysis to define the immune cell landscape of early childhood respiratory and blood compartments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivanthan Shanthikumar ◽  
Sarath C. Ranganathan ◽  
Richard Saffery ◽  
Melanie R. Neeland
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Unsupervised Analysis ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Cell Profile

SUMMARYThe cellular landscape of the paediatric respiratory system remains largely uncharacterised and as a result, the mechanisms of highly prevalent childhood respiratory diseases remain poorly understood. A major limitation in defining mechanisms of disease has been the availability of tissue samples collected in early life, as well as technologies that permit deep immune analysis from limited sample volumes. In this work, we developed new experimental methods and applied unsupervised analytical tools to profile the local (bronchoalveolar lavage) and systemic (whole blood) immune response in childhood respiratory disease. We quantified and comprehensively phenotyped immune cell populations across blood and lung compartments in young children (under 6 years of age), showed that inflammatory cells in the BAL express higher levels of activation and migration markers relative to their systemic counterparts, and applied new analytical tools to reveal novel tissue-resident macrophage and infiltrating monocyte populations in the paediatric lung. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the use of these methods for paediatric respiratory samples. Combined with matched analysis of the systemic immune cell profile, the application of these pipelines will increase our understanding of childhood lung disease with potential to identify clinically relevant disease biomarkers.

The Immunoregulatory Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Treatment of Asthma or Asthmatic Inflammation

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (06) ◽  
pp. 1059-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyu Li ◽  
Fuchun Zhang ◽  
Jinyao Li
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Migration

Asthma is a chronic respiratory symptoms with variable airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and causes high economic burden. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long-lasting history of using herbal medicine in the treatment of various respiratory diseases including asthma. In the last several decades, an increasing number of herbs have been shown to be effective in the treatment of asthma in clinical trials or asthmatic inflammation in animal models. Literature about the effects of TCM on the immune system were searched in electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus from 2000 to 2014. 'TCM' and 'asthma' were used as keywords for the searches. Over 400 literatures were searched and the literatures about the immune system were selected and reviewed. We only reviewed literatures published in English. Accumulating evidence suggests that TCM can directly inhibit the activation and migration of inflammatory cells, regulate the balance of Th1/Th2 responses, and suppress allergic hyperreactivity through inducing regulatory T cells or attenuating the function of dendritic cells (DCs). These studies provided useful information to facilitate the use of TCM to treat asthma. This review was conducted to classify the findings based on their possible mechanisms of action reported.

Selenium and Glutathione Peroxidase Levels in Cystic Fibrosis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1010-1012
Author(s):  
John D. Lloyd-Still ◽  
Howard E. Ganther
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Selenium Level ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Normal Range

Whole blood selenium and glutathione peroxidase levels were measured in 20 infants and children (aged 6 months to 15 years) with cystic fibrosis. The whole blood selenium concentration in cystic fibrosis was 0.122 ± 0.025 µg/gm. Although the levels of selenium in cystic fibrosis children were below the levels found in a study of healthy children (0.223 ± 0.007 µg/gm), they are comparable to those found in children with phenylketonuria treated dietetically and exceed the blood selenium level of healthy children in New Zealand. Levels of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase in children with cystic fibrosis (0.042 ± 0.007 units/mg Hb) were in the normal range (0.035 ± 0.003 units/mg of Hb). These results do not support the hypothesis that deficiency of selenium is responsible for cystic fibrosis.

Increased Plasma YKL-40 Level and Chitotriosidase Activity in Cystic Fibrosis Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilara Bal Topcu ◽  
Gökcen Tugcu ◽  
Berrin Er ◽  
Sanem Eryilmaz Polat ◽  
Mina Hizal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Stable Period ◽  
Valuable Marker ◽  
Chitotriosidase Activity ◽  
Relevant Factors

Abstract Background We investigated plasma YKL-40 levels and chitotriosidase (CHIT1) activity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease and evaluated clinically relevant factors that may affect their levels. Methods Plasma samples were obtained from pediatric (n = 19) and adult patients (n = 15) during exacerbation, discharge and stable period of the disease. YKL-40 levels and chitotriosidase activity were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorometric assay, respectively. Data were compared with healthy children and adults of similar age. Results YKL-40 levels of pediatric and adult CF patients at all periods were significantly higher than controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05). CHIT1 activities of adult patients at all periods were significantly higher compared to controls (p < 0.05). On the other hand, CHIT1 activities of pediatric CF patients were similar with controls. YKL-40 levels of exacerbation period of adult CF patients were negatively correlated with % FVC (r= -0.800, p = 0.014) and % FEV1 (r= -0.735, p = 0.008). YKL-40 levels in the exacerbation period of pediatric CF patients were negatively correlated with % FVC (r= -0.697, p = 0.0082) and % FEV1 (r= -0.720, p = 0.006). Conclusions CHIT1 activity may be a valuable marker of chronic inflammation in adult CF patients who suffer from CF for a longer period of time compared to pediatric patients. Increased YKL-40 levels in both pediatric and adult patients compared to controls may point to a role in between CF pathology. Furthermore, as YKL-40 levels are correlated with FEV1 and FVC in patients, it may be useful for the monitoring of pulmonary function in CF patient.

Immunity to Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, and Poliomyelitis in Children with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia After Cessation of Chemotherapy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van der Does-van den Berg ◽  
J. Hermans ◽  
J. Nagel ◽  
G. van Steenis
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Group A ◽  
One Year ◽  
Group B ◽  
Antibody Levels

Antibody titers to diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and poliomyelitis (types I to III) were measured in previously vaccinated children with acute lymphocytic leukemia in remission after cessation of therapy. The response to revaccination one year after therapy was stopped was also studied. The patients' antibody titers were compared with those of healthy children, matched for age and sex. Two groups of patients were studied: one group (group A, N = 30) was given two drugs (6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate); the other group (group B, N= 19) was given three drugs (6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, and cyclophosphamide) for maintenance treatment. In general, the patients' antibody titers were lower than those of healthy children, but in most patients they were still at levels considered to be protective. No significant differences in antibody levels between the two patient groups were found. A spontaneous rise in antibody titers in the first year after termination of therapy was not observed. After revaccination the rise in antibody titers was correlated with preexisting antibody titers in the same way in patients as in healthy children, and the antibody titers in patients and in healthy control subjects were on roughly the same level.

scholarly journals Serum endocan levels in children with febrile neutropenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eylem Kiral ◽  
Ener Cagri Dinleyici ◽  
Ayse Bozkurt-Turhan ◽  
Ozcan Bor ◽  
Yurdanur Akgun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Febrile Neutropenia ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Pediatric Leukemia ◽  
Median Serum ◽  
Healthy Control

Endocan is an endotelial cell specific molecule; previous studies have shown that serum endocan levels increased in cancer and sepsis and are also related to the severity of sepsis. There are no clinical study about serum endocan levels in children with febrile neutropenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum endocan levels in pediatric leukemia patients with febrile neutropenia (n=33) and compare them with children with leukemia without fever (n=33) and also with healthy children (n=24). The median serum endocan level in the first group (children with febrile neutropenia) was statistically significantly higher compared to the leukemic children without febrile neutropenia and also control group (P&lt;0.01 for both). No difference was determined between the serum endocan levels of the leukaemia patients without febrile neutropenia and the healthy control group (P&gt;0.05). Serum endocan levels were also similar with febrile neutropenia due to bacterial causes comparing with the idiopathic febril neutropenia. The results of this study showed increased serum endocan in children with leukemia during the febrile neutropenia episode, and no changes of serum endocan levels in children without leukemia without infection/fever. The monitoring of a series of serum endocan levels would be helpful for the course of febrile neutropenia.

Lipid, nitrogen, water and energy content of a single stool sample in healthy children and children with cystic fibrosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 162 (11) ◽  
pp. 764-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Maria Van den Neucker ◽  
Pierre-Philippe Forget ◽  
Bernard van Kreel
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Stool Sample ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Healthy Children

scholarly journals Hypertonic Saline in Treatment of Pulmonary Disease in Cystic Fibrosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emer P. Reeves ◽  
Kevin Molloy ◽  
Kerstin Pohl ◽  
Noel G. McElvaney
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Airway Surface Liquid ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Surface Liquid ◽  
Subsequent Failure

The pathogenesis of lung disease in cystic fibrosis is characterised by decreased airway surface liquid volume and subsequent failure of normal mucociliary clearance. Mucus within the cystic fibrosis airways is enriched in negatively charged matrices composed of DNA released from colonizing bacteria or inflammatory cells, as well as F-actin and elevated concentrations of anionic glycosaminoglycans. Therapies acting against airway mucus in cystic fibrosis include aerosolized hypertonic saline. It has been shown that hypertonic saline possesses mucolytic properties and aids mucociliary clearance by restoring the liquid layer lining the airways. However, recent clinical and bench-top studies are beginning to broaden our view on the beneficial effects of hypertonic saline, which now extend to include anti-infective as well as anti-inflammatory properties. This review aims to discuss the described therapeutic benefits of hypertonic saline and specifically to identify novel models of hypertonic saline action independent of airway hydration.

scholarly journals Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) in Colorectal Cancer (CRC): From Mechanism to Therapy and Prognosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8470
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Tian Tian ◽  
Jinhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Tumor Associated Macrophages ◽  
Invasion And Migration ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
And Migration

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor in the digestive system whose incidence and mortality is high-ranking among tumors worldwide. The initiation and progression of CRC is a complex process involving genetic alterations in cancer cells and multiple factors from the surrounding tumor cell microenvironment. As accumulating evidence has shown, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)—as abundant and active infiltrated inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME)—play a crucial role in CRC. This review focuses on the different mechanisms of TAM in CRC, including switching of phenotypical subtypes; promoting tumor proliferation, invasion, and migration; facilitating angiogenesis; mediating immunosuppression; regulating metabolism; and interacting with the microbiota. Although controversy remains in clinical evidence regarding the role of TAMs in CRC, clarifying their significance in therapy and the prognosis of CRC may shed new light on the optimization of TAM-centered approaches in clinical care.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document