scholarly journals Antimycobacterial Activity and Safety Profile Assessment of Alpinia galanga and Tinospora cordifolia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mohamed F. Alajmi ◽  
Ramzi A. Mothana ◽  
Adnan J. Al-Rehaily ◽  
Jamal M. Khaled
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Alpinia Galanga

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a common deadly infectious disease and worldwide a major health problem. The current study was therefore designed to investigate the in vitro antimycobacterial activity of different extracts of Alpinia galanga and Tinospora cordifolia. Moreover, a safety assessment for both plants was carried out. Dichloromethane and ethanolic extracts of each plant were examined against H37Rv INH-sensitive and resistant INH strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The safety assessment of both plants has been performed through in vivo acute and chronic toxicity studies in animal model. Body weight, food consumption, water intake, organ’s weight, and haematological and biochemical parameters of blood and serum were evaluated. The extracts of A. galanga and T. cordifolia produced significant and dose-dependent inhibitory activity with maximum effect of 18-32% at 50 μg/ml against both strains of M. tuberculosis. No effect on the body weight or food and water consumption was observed but A. galanga caused significantly an increase in the relative weight of the heart, liver, spleen, and kidney. Haematological studies of both plants revealed a slight but significant fall in the RBC and WBC level as well as haemoglobin and platelets. In addition, A. galanga extracts increased significantly liver enzymes and bilirubin and glucose.

The development of the lamb with particular reference to the alimentary tract

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Large
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Root Transformation ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Gut Fill ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

1. Thirty Suffolk × Half bred lambs were slaughtered at the following ages: two twin lambs at birth and two singles and two twins at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 16 weeks of age.2. The following weights were recorded: live-weight immediately before slaughter; and carcass, head, skin, feet, alimentary tract, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs and trachea, and blood immediately afterwards.3. The alimentary tract was emptied and weighed in four separate parts; reticulo-rumen, omasum-abomasum, small intestine, large intestine.4. The volumes of the reticulo-rumen and the omasum-abomasum were measured by immersing in water and filling the organs with water to 2 cm. pressure.5. The in vitro digestive efficiency of rumen liquor from lambs of 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of age was assessed.6. Empty body weight was considered to be valuable in comparing animals of different ages or from different feeding regimes or at different times of the year because variations in gut ‘fill’ were eliminated.7. There were no differences between singles and twins in the relationship of the fresh weights of the parts of the body to empty body weight, except that development of the liver and the blood was rather slower for singles.8. Little evidence was found of a difference in rate of development of the alimentary tract between singles an d twins, although the log an d square root transformation suggested a possible difference in reticulo-rumen size in favour of twins, significant at the 5% level.

Some Indian herbs have protective effects against deleterious effects of ochratoxin A in broiler chicks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
S.D. Stoev ◽  
K. Dimitrov ◽  
I. Zarkov ◽  
T. Mircheva ◽  
D. Zapryanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Protective Effects

A protective effect of two herbs, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Tinospora cordifolia, given as feed additives was observed against the growth inhibitory effect of ochratoxin A (OTA) and associated immunosuppression and biochemical or pathomorphological changes. The feed levels of 3 mg/kg OTA and fine powder of one of both herbs were given during a period of 32 days to female broiler chicks divided into 3 experimental and 1 control groups (14 chicks per group). The observed pathological and biochemical changes, the changes in relative organs’ weight and body weight, and the decrease of antibody titer against Newcastle disease were more pronounced in the OTA-treated chicks without herbal supplementation, and less pronounced in the chicks treated additionally with G. glabra or T. cordifolia as was shown by the better feed performance and the higher body weight in the chicks treated with the herbs. The higher relative weight of lymphoid organs of the chicks supplemented with both herbs revealed their beneficial effects on the immune system. The hepatoprotective effect of both herbs was evident, being stronger in the chicks additionally supplemented with G. glabra shown by the pathomorphological findings and by the lower levels of aspartate transaminase (131.1 U/l) compared to chicks given only OTA (156.0 U/l). A protective effect of T. cordifolia on the bone marrow and kidneys was found as was shown by the lower levels of uric acid (382.9 μmol/l) compared to chicks given only OTA (466.9 μmol/l).

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii (Miq.) Miq. stem bark in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
EL Lappa ◽  
◽  
C Bogning Zangueu ◽  
EL Nguemfo ◽  
JJ Kojom Wanche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats

Ficus vogelii is a medicinal plant mainly found in tropical Africa and reported to treat inflammatory complaints. This study aims to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark in wistar rats. For acute study, aqueous extract at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight was administered to female rats and observed for 14 days. In the sub-chronic study, the extract was administered daily to both sex rats at the doses of 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight for 28 consecutive days. Body weight was measured weekly, while hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were analyzed after euthanize. Aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii at all tested doses didn’t produced any mortality or significant change on the body weight and relative weight of rats on acute and sub-chronic studies. The lethal dose 50 was estimated greater than 5000 mg/kg (DL50˃5000 mg/kg). Hematological parameters were recorded non-significant in all treated rats. Aqueous extract at 600 mg/kg significantly changed transaminases and alkaline phosphatase activities, these changes were reversible in satellites. The concentrations of bilirubin was increased at 200 and 600 mg/kg in male rats, at 100, 400 mg/kg in female rats. The levels of lipids markers didn’t changed, except the significant decrease of LDL-cholesterol. Histological examination didn’t showed any change in the architecture of the liver and kidney of rats treated compared to control. Thus aqueous extract of Ficus vogelii stem bark didn’t produced adverse effects in rats after oral acute and sub-chronic treatment.

scholarly journals Allylmethylsulfide, a Sulfur Compound Derived from Garlic, Attenuates Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Soheb Anwar Mohammed ◽  
Bugga Paramesha ◽  
Yashwant Kumar ◽  
Ubaid Tariq ◽  
Sudheer Kumar Arava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Enalapril Treatment ◽  
Histopathological Investigation

Allylmethylsulfide (AMS) is a novel sulfur metabolite found in the garlic-fed serum of humans and animals. In the present study, we have observed that AMS is safe on chronic administration and has a potential antihypertrophic effect. Chronic administration of AMS for 30 days did not cause any significant differences in the body weight, electrocardiogram, food intake, serum biochemical parameters, and histopathology of vital organs. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of AMS suggests that AMS is rapidly metabolized into Allylmethylsulfoxide (AMSO) and Allylmethylsulfone (AMSO2). To evaluate the efficacy of AMS, cardiac hypertrophy was induced by subcutaneous implantation of ALZET® osmotic minipump containing isoproterenol (~5 mg/kg/day), cotreated with AMS (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) and enalapril (10 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. AMS and enalapril significantly reduced cardiac hypertrophy as studied by the heart weight to body weight ratio and mRNA expression of fetal genes (ANP and β-MHC). We have observed that TBARS, a parameter of lipid peroxidation, was reduced and the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) were improved in the AMS and enalapril-cotreated hypertrophic hearts. The extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9) were significantly upregulated in the diseased hearts; however, with the AMS and enalapril, it was preserved. Similarly, caspases 3, 7, and 9 were upregulated in hypertrophic hearts, and with the AMS and enalapril treatment, they were reduced. Further to corroborate this finding with in vitro data, we have checked the nuclear expression of caspase 3/7 in the H9c2 cells treated with isoproterenol and observed that AMS cotreatment reduced it significantly. Histopathological investigation of myocardium suggests AMS and enalapril treatment reduced fibrosis in hypertrophied hearts. Based on our experimental results, we conclude that AMS, an active metabolite of garlic, could reduce isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy by reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and stabilizing ECM components.

scholarly journals FURTHER STUDIES ON EFFECTS OF TISSUE EXTRACTS ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

1946 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo G. Nutini ◽  
Sister Eva Maria Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Extract ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Control Series ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Tissue Extracts

1. The ability of alcoholic-precipitated extracts of beef tissue—brain, spleen, heart, and kidney—to stimulate the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, in vitro, and to convert the yellow S form to a white R variant with altered biochemical characteristics conforming to those of an avirulent organism, has been confirmed. 2. The avirulence of the white R variant has been established by tests in vivo on mice. 3. Staphylococcus aureus infections induced subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, and intravenously in mice responded favorably to brain extract following subcutaneous or oral administration. The mortality was 2 per cent in 444 experimental animals and 81 per cent in 448 control animals. 4. The extracts appeared equally efficient when used therapeutically (mortality 2 per cent of 162 experimental animals and 90 per cent in the control series) or prophylactically (mortality 2 per cent of 282 experimental animals and 76 per cent in 286 control mice). Extracts of brain and spleen were more effective than those of either heart or kidney. 5. Studies concerning the mechanism of action of the tissue extracts indicate that they prevented the formation of toxin by Staphylococcus aureus, and had but little effect on toxin actions. 6. Toxicity tests revealed that the brain and spleen extracts were relatively non-toxic, dosages equivalent to 2 per cent of the body weight being well tolerated. Kidney and heart extracts were much more toxic, producing mortality in dosages as low as 0.3 per cent of the body weight.

Effective Induction of Apoptosis by Mistletoe Plant Extracts in an Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Model.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1880-1880
Author(s):  
Georg Seifert ◽  
Patrick Jesse ◽  
Aram Prokop ◽  
Tobias Reindl ◽  
Stephan Lobitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Mistletoe (Viscum album) is one of the most used alternative cancer therapies applied as monotherapy or in combination with conventional therapies. Anti-tumor effects of mistletoe (MT) extracts were related to cytostatic and immunomodulatory effects observed in vitro. Aqueous MT extracts contain the three mistletoe lectins I, II and III as one predominant group of biologically active agents. The MT lectins inhibit protein biosynthesis by inactivating the 60S ribosomal subunit. Mistletoe lectin-I (ML-I) is one important apoptosis inducing compound. It is a heterodimer that consists of a cytotoxic A-chain (ribosome inactivating protein, RIP type 1) linked by a carbohydrate binding B-chain for cellular lectin uptake. However, although MT is widely used, there is a lack of scientific preclinical and clinical data. Here, we describe for the first time efficacy and mechanism of MT extracts against lymphoblastic leukemia in vitro and in vivo. For this purpose, we first investigated both the cytotoxic effect and mechanism of action of two standardized aqueous MT extracts (MT obtained from fir trees (MT-A); MT obtained from pine trees (MT-P)) and isolated ML-I, in three human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines (NALM-6, sup-B-15 and REH). MT-A, MT-P and ML-I clearly inhibited cell proliferation as determined by LDH reslease assays at very low concentrations (ML-I LD50 from 0,05 ng/ml to 10 ng/ml depending on the host tree) with MT-P being the most cytotoxic extract. The mechanism of cell death was determined by DNA-fragmentation assays. These indicated dose dependent induction of apoptosis as the main mechanism of cell death. Finally, we evaluated the efficacy of MT-A and MT-P in an in vivo SCID-model of pre-B ALL (NALM-6). For this purpose, mice (n=8/group) were injected i.v. with 1 × 106NALM6 cells and treated by intraperitoneal injections four times per week for 3 weeks (day 1–4; 7–11; 14–18) at varying doses (1, 5 and 50 mg/Kg (plant weight/body weight)). Mice (n=8) treated with PBS and cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg, once on day 1) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Toxicity, peripheral blood counts, bodyweight and survival was determined over time. Interestingly, both MT extracts in all tested concentrations significantly improved survival (up to 55,4 days) in contrast to controls (34,6 days). Furthermore, no hematologic side effects were observed from this treatment as indicated by completely stable blood counts. Also the body weight of treated animals remained stable over time indicating a complete absence of systemic toxicity in the selected dose range. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time efficacy and mechanism of MT extracts against ALL in vitro and in vivo and hereby provide an important base line for the design of clinical trials with these compounds.

scholarly journals Effect of thiazole derivative complexed with nanoscale polymeric carriers on cellular ultrastructure of murine lymphoma cells in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
M. V. Popovych ◽  
◽  
Ya. R. Shalai ◽  
V. P. Hreniukh ◽  
O. R. Kulachkovskyy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thiazole Derivatives ◽  
Lymphoma Cells ◽  
Thiazole Derivative ◽  
Polymeric Carriers

Background. A pronounced cytotoxic action of the thiazole derivatives complexed with polymeric carriers on tumor cells in vitro was reported earlier, while no cytotoxicity of these compounds was detected toward noncancerous cells. It was found that thiazole derivatives at concentrations of 10 and 50 µM affected lymphoma cell ultrastructure in vitro. The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of thiazole derivative 8-methyl-2-Me-7-[trifluoromethyl-phenylmethyl]-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-[1,3]- thiazolo-[3,2-a]-pyrimidin-4(2H)-one (PP2) and its complexes with polymeric carriers poly(VEP-co-GMA)-graft-mPEG (Th12) and poly(PEGMA) (Th14) on the ultrastructure of lymphoma cells in vivo. Materials and Methods. Experiments were conducted on white wild-type male mice with grafted NK/Ly lymphoma. Ascite tumors were created by intreperitoneal inocu­lation of 1–2 mln of Nemet–Kelner lymphoma cells to mice. On the 12th day after inoculation, the body weight of animals was increased by 140–160 % mostly due to ascites growth. For treatment of ascites three solutions of the chemical compounds were prepared: PP2, PP2 + Th12, PP2 + Th14 and administered to the mice intraperitoneally for 5 days. The final concentration of PP2 was 5 mg/kg of body weight. Abdominal drainage from ascites was performed with a sterile syringe under chloroform anesthesia on the 10th day after the start of treatment. The ultrastructure of the cells was examined by electron microscopy. Results. Еlectron microscopy study showed that control lymphoma cells have a special subcellular formations such as a relatively large nucleus, and specific plasma membrane filaments. The effects of thiazole derivative revealed apoptotic and necrotic manifestations of cytotoxicity, such as a deformation and disintegration of nucleus, a decreased nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, a destruction of the plasma membrane and a change of mitochondria shape. The studied compound complexed with polymeric carriers caused an apoptotic-like changes in lymphoma cells. Under the action of such complexes, the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio decreased and the area of mitochondria increased. Conclusions. The obtained results suggest that the tested compounds induce apoptosis in tumor cells. Complexes of thiazole derivative with polymers do not impair the effect of the compound on lymphoma cells. The obtained data can be used to carry out further preclinical studies of thiazole derivatives complexed with polymeric carriers as potential antitumor drugs.

scholarly journals Effect of Salvia officinalis and S. sclarea on rats with a high-fat hypercaloric diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-563
Author(s):  
M. A. Lieshchova ◽  
A. A. Bohomaz ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hypercaloric Diet

Phytotherapy for the correction of excess body weight is widely used. However, a comprehensive study of herbal preparations on the organism of model animals has been carried out only for a few plant species. Supplementing the diet of rats with closely related sage species (Salvia officinalis L. and S. sclarea L.) against the background of high-fat hypercaloric diet triggered multidirectional changes in their metabolism. The addition of crushed dry shoots of S. officinalis to the diet of animals led to a sharp increase in their body weight (up to 130.8% of the initial one in 30 days of the experiment). The body weight of the rats treated with S. sclarea for 30 days increased only up to 103.8% of their initial weight and was lower than in the control group. Addition of S. officinalis caused an increase in daily weight gain up to 253.1% of the control group, and S. sclarea – its decrease to 27.8% of the daily weight gain in the control group. In the S. officinalis group, the relative weight of the brain, spleen, and thymus decreased, while in the S. sclarea group, the relative weight of the thymus decreased and that of the colon increased. Under the influence of S. officinalis, the concentration of urea, total bilirubin, and triglycerides in the blood plasma of male rats decreased and the concentration of total protein and the activity of alkaline phosphatase increased. While consuming S. sclarea shoots, there was an increase of alkaline phosphatase activity in the rats’ blood, but atherogenic index (23.1% of the level of the control group) sharply dropped due to an increase in the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (286.9% of the control) and a decrease in the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (67.7% of control). In rats feeding on S. sclarea shoots, we observed a decrease in the concentration of triglycerides in the blood (39.9% of the control), a decrease in the activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase (62.8%), and an increase in the Ca/P ratio (132.5% of the control group). No significant changes were observed in CBC and WBC differential of male rats when eating S. officinalis and S. sclarea shoots. According to the results of the open field test, the physical and orientational activity of male rats under the influence of S. officinalis significantly decreased by the end of the experiment. Emotional status of rats, on the contrary, decreased when they ate dry crushed shoots of S. sclarea in the composition of the food. Thus, excess body weight of rats in the conditions of hypercaloric diet led to more pronounced deviations from the norm while consuming dry crushed shoots of S. officinalis. The addition of S. sclarea dry crushed shoots to the animals’ diet normalized the body weight in comparison with the control group, reduced the negative manifestations of obesity at the biochemical and organismal levels. In this regard, the substances that contains S. sclarea should be carefully studied for anti-atherosclerotic activity, and tea supplemented with S. sclarea shoots can be recommended as a corrective supplement in the diet of overweight people.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Enzim Fitase Pada Ransum terhadap Berat Relatif Organ Pencernaan Ayam Broiler

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Meisji Liana Sari ◽  
F. Gurki N Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pancreas Weight

The effect of supplementation phytase enzyme into poultry feed on the relative weight of broiler's digestive organs ABSTRACT. The objective of this research was to know the effect of enzim phytase supplementation on relative organ digestion broiler. The research was done for weeks at Animal Fees and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University in Mei to Juni 2008 utilized. A Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments {P0 (100% basal diet), P1 (100% basal diet + 500 FTU/kg), P2 (100% basal diet + 600 FTU/kg), P3 (100% basal diet + 700 FTU/kg), P4 (100% basal diet + 800 FTU/kg),P5 (100% basal diet + 900 FTU/kg)}. Each treatments was replicated for 3 times. The parameters are final body weight, (%) proventrikulus, (%) relatif intestine, (%) pancreas and (%) liver weigh broiler chickens . The research showed that adding enzim phytase has join no significant effect (P0.05) on the body, liver, proventrikulus, ventrikulus weight, bur it showed significant effect on relative intestines and pancreas weight (P0.05) of broiler chickens . the average weight of body weight was 1117.50-1873.00 gram, proventrikulus was 0,44-0,64% ventrikulus was 1.30-2.32%, intestine was 2.74-4.39%, pancreas was 0,21-0,32% and liver was 2,35-3.01%.

scholarly journals Influence of iron (IV) clathrochelate complexon quail blood parameters and weight characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
V. B. Dukhnitsky ◽  
I. M. Derkach ◽  
S. S. Derkach ◽  
I. O. Fritsky ◽  
M. O. Plutenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Excessive Load ◽  
Physiological Values ◽  
Clathrochelate Complexes

We studied the chronic toxicity of the compounds of Iron(iv). We monitored the dynamics of the body weight, relative weight coefficients of the internal organs, the content of the hemoglobin, the morphological parameters of blood, and biochemical parameters of serum of blood of quails after use of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes at the doses 1/10 and 1/5 DL50 them for 30 days. Daily drinking of quails of experimental groups of solution of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes3 at the doses 76.43 and 152.86 mg/kg of body weight caused the reduction of body weight by 3 and 5% respectively on the thirtieth day. A tendency to increase the relative weight of the kidneys and to decrease the relative weight of the liver, heart and spleen showed an excessive load of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes on the internal organs of quails. Hemoglobin in the blood of the quails of the experimental groups was less by 2-34% (P 0.05) than the control indicator but the indicator of the number of erythrocytes in the quails of the control and experimental groups for 30 days was within the physiological values. The use of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes caused the development of hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and short-term hypoglycemia in the serum of the blood of the quails of the experimental groups. Changes in an activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase for 30 days were not expressed, but the activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher compared to the control indicators during the experimental period. Drinking the solution of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes caused hypercreatinemia and hyperuricemia, which indicates a decrease in the filtration capacity of the kidney glomeruli. We have seen an increase in the levels total Calcium and inorganic Phosphorus.

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