scholarly journals Salivary Vasopressin as a Potential Non–Invasive Biomarker of Anxiety in Dogs Diagnosed with Separation–Related Problems

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1033
Author(s):  
Federica Pirrone ◽  
Ludovica Pierantoni ◽  
Andrea Bossetti ◽  
Stefania Uccheddu ◽  
Mariangela Albertini
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Separation Distress ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stress Coping Strategies ◽  
Separation Phase ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Preliminary Support

Physiological biomarkers of canine anxiety have not been extensively investigated to date. To identify new biomarkers in dogs, we compared behaviorally normal dogs (Control group, N = 13) to dogs diagnosed with separation problems (Case group, N = 13) as they were introduced into a novel environment in the presence of two strangers and subjected to a short episode of separation and reunion with the owner. During the separation phase, dogs in the Case group explored significantly less than controls and were significantly more persistent in expressing passive stress-coping strategies aimed at seeking proximity to their owners. When the owners returned, dogs with separation distress spent significantly more time jumping up on the strangers than control dogs did. Salivary oxytocin and vasopressin concentrations did not differ between samples taken before and after the separation. However, vasopressin concentrations immediately after separation were significantly higher in the Case than in the Control group and remained higher, although not significantly so, 10 min later. These results indicated that dogs with separation distress became more anxious than typical dogs when separated from their owner in an unfamiliar environment and provided preliminary support for the use of salivary vasopressin as a possible biomarker for anxiety-related responses in dogs.

scholarly journals Adaptive Stress Coping in Awake Bruxism

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xabier Ander Soto-Goñi ◽  
Francisco Alen ◽  
Leticia Buiza-González ◽  
Danielle Marcolino-Cruz ◽  
Teresa Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Awake Bruxism ◽  
Psychological Questionnaires

Numerous studies have analyzed the relationship between psychological factors and bruxism. However, the data are often obscured by the lack of precise diagnostic criteria and the variety of the psychological questionnaires used. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between awake bruxism and psychological factors (anxiety, depression, sociability, stress coping, and personality traits). With this aim, 68 participants (13 males) completed a battery of psychological questionnaires, a self-reported bruxism questionnaire, and a clinical examination. Based on their scores on the bruxism questionnaire and the clinical examination, subjects were divided into two groups. Subjects who met the criteria for “probable awake bruxism” were assigned to the case group (n = 29, five males). The control group (n = 39, nine males) was composed of subjects who showed no signs or symptoms of bruxism in the examination nor in the questionnaire. The probable awake bruxism group presented significantly higher levels of trait and state anxiety, symptoms of somatization, and neuroticism than the control group. Despite this, and when their problem coping strategies were considered, awake bruxers showed higher levels in Positive Reappraisal (p < 0.05), a strategy generally considered as adaptive. In conclusion, although awake bruxers in our study showed larger levels of anxiety, somatization, and neuroticism, they also displayed more adapted coping strategies, while according to previous data TMD patients (which generally also present high levels of anxiety, somatization and neuroticism) might tend to present less adaptive coping styles. Thus, awake bruxism may play a positive role in stress coping, which would be compatible with the hypothesis of mastication as a means of relieving psychological tension. This finding should be further confirmed by future research comparing TMD patients with definitive awake bruxers and controls and using larger and more representative samples.

scholarly journals Non-invasive Brain Stimulation and Prism Adaptation in Art Constructive Errors of Painting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shole Vatanparasti ◽  
◽  
Anoshirvan Kazemnejad ◽  
Shahram Oveisgharan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Line Bisection Task ◽  
Omission Neglect ◽  
Theta Burst ◽  
Figure Copying ◽  
Painting System

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the influence of neglect and the effect of Prism Adaptation (PA) combined with continuous Theta-Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (cTBS) on the art constructive errors of painting rehabilitation of stroke patients with neglect. Methods: Fourteen patients with neglect and art constructive errors of painting secondary to stroke were randomly assigned to the rehabilitation group and received PA combined with inhibitory protocol of cTBS over the intact parietal cortex; the control group received PA combined with sham cTBS for 2 weeks in 10 daily sessions. Patients have assessed for art constructive errors of painting in Figure Copying Test (FCT), and Coloring Test (CT) before and after the intervention. Art constructive errors of painting were classified into omission, deformation, size, neglect of warm colors, and perseveration of errors. Neglect was evaluated using the Line Bisection task (LBT), Figure Copying Test (FCT), and Coloring Test (CT). Results: All patients showed significant improvement in art constructive errors of painting (measured using pattern of painting’ errors in Figure Copying Test and Coloring Test), and neglect (measured using LBT, FCT, and CT) (p<0.05). Omission, neglect of warm colors, and deformation were the most frequent errors. Conclusion: Neglect and rehabilitation influences the painting system in stroke patients. Both approaches improved art constructive errors of painting and neglect symptoms.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Fracture Admitted to Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital in Zahedan

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Karajibani ◽  
Farzaneh Montazerifar ◽  
Faezeh Kazemi ◽  
Ali Reza Dashipour
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Mean

Background: Caused by an imbalance in the body’s oxidant and antioxidant status, oxidative stress can give rise to tissue damage and exacerbation of many diseases. Objectives: This study investigated the oxidative stress markers in patients with fractures and healthy subjects. Methods: In a cross-sectional case-control study, 40 patients with fractures admitted to an orthopedic ward and 40 healthy, non-fractured patients were selected using convenience sampling. Serum was analyzed for oxidant and antioxidant activities based on standard methods. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a significant difference in mean TAC between the case (748.2 ± 302.83 μmol/L) and control (984.90 ± 207.02 μmol/L) groups (P = 0.003). The mean MDA was 16.61 ± 4.16 µmol/L in the case group and 18.45 ± 5.43 µmol/L in the control group (P = 0.09). The mean SOD was 63.41 ± 16.67 U/g Hb in the case group and 58.54 ± 21.83 U/g Hb in the control group (P = 0.2). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of BMI and other variables. Conclusions: A significant difference existed in TAC between the two groups, which indicated increased oxidative stress in patients. However, oxidative stress could occur before and after undergoing fractures. The results suggested a slight, but not significant, difference between the two groups in the SOD and MDA scores. More conclusive results are required to determine the enzymatic and non-enzymatic markers of oxidative stress in larger sample sizes and during different stages of treatment.

scholarly journals The Effect of Moringa Leaf Capsule on the Hemoglobin Levels in Young Women at Smp Sabbihisma Padang

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiwi Sartika ◽  
Herwati . ◽  
Yossi Suryarinilsih
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

In adolescents, the iron not only functions as energy metabolism in the body but also helps to improve learning achievement. Iron deficiency can lead to fatigue, and the concentration, memory and learning abilities can be disrupted. It can also lead to anemia, especially in young women. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leaf moringa capsules on the hemoglobin levels in adolescent girls in Sabbihisma Junior High School. This research used a quasi method of pretest and posttest experiment with control group design. The sample of the study were 32 people, 16 cases (moringa leaf capsule) and 16 control groups. Data collection was done through observation and laboratory examination of hemoglobin levels before and after treatment. The data were tested with paired sample t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in female hemoglobin levels in the case group with p = 0,000, while the control group was not significant with p = 0,091.

scholarly journals A Pedometer-based Intervention with Daily Walking Steps and its Relationship with Nutritional Status among Overweight/Obese University Students in Kuala Terengganu

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kok J.L ◽  
Asma’, A. ◽  
Khairil-Shazmin K ◽  
Hayati M.Y
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
University Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Baseline Activity ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of pedometer-based intervention and the relationship between daily walking steps and nutritional status among overweight/obese university students in Kuala Terengganu. Materials and methods: The study was an 8-week intervention study that included 23 overweight/obese university students. After 7 days of baseline activity, anthropometric data such as weight, height and waist circumference and a one-day dietary record were taken. The participants were divided into a control and case group. The control group (n=15) was instructed to continue with their normal activities and habits throughout the 8 weeks. The case group (n=8) was instructed to walk based on the targeted number of steps. Data such as body weight, waist circumference and a one-day dietary record were taken after the intervention. Results: Both case and control group show significant differences in body mass index (BMI) with p=0.017 and p=0.047 respectively. However, there is a large and significant difference between walking steps and BMI before and after intervention for the case group. There were no differences in any other study parameters during the 8-week study. Conclusion: In conclusion, short-term intervention with a pedometer increased physical activity and positively affected the BMI of overweight/obese participants. The use of a pedometer was efficient in measuring daily physical activity (r= 0.756, p< 0.05).

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PSQI SCORE ON ADMINISTRATION MELATONIN IN PERIMENOPAUSE WOMEN

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
HANDRI R. VEBRIAN ◽  
MUHAMMAD FIDEL GANISSIREGAR ◽  
ICHWANUL ADENIN ◽  
HERBERT SIHITE ◽  
EDY ARDIANSYAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Melatonin Administration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perimenopausal Women ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

Objective: Determine the effect of melatonin administration on sleep quality perimenopausal women based on PSQI and compare the results of PSQI before and after treatment. Methods: This study uses an experimental analytic study with Case Control design to determine the effect of melatonin administration on sleep quality perimenopausal women based on PSQI and compare the results of PSQI before and after treatment. This research was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan. The study population was all perimenopausal women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This research was conducted from February to March 2020 with a sample of 25 people. Results: PSQI scores in the control group by age were 4.0±1.0 in the age group>50 y from 8.0±1.0; 2.17±1.62 in the group with tertiary education from 5.83±1.69; 2.56±1.67 in the non-working group of 6.44±1.51 and 2.31±1.6 in the multipara group of 6.0±1.58. From the analysis results obtained a value of P<0.001. This also showed a significant difference in the PSQI score in the control group. significant differences in PSQI values ​​in the control group and melatonin group in the case group before getting melatonin (p<0.001), whereas after administering melatonin, no difference in PSQI score was found in the groups that received melatonin and the control group (p = 0.657) Conclusion: There are differences in PSQI scores in the case group before and after the administration of melatonin, in the control group who did not get melatonin and the difference in PSQI scores in the case group and the control group before treatment, but there were no differences in PSQI score in the case and control groups after treatment.

Improving Chinese Teachers’ Stress Coping Ability through Group Sandplay

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Sun ◽  
Yunxia Qu ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
Weike Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Chinese Teachers ◽  
Passive Coping ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Stress Coping Strategies

AbstractTeachers are burdened by high work pressure, suggesting the need for an effective stress coping system to support them. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of coping strategies currently utilized by teachers and explored the potential contribution of group sandplay to coping. The study was led by a group of experienced therapists and sandplay practitioners. Two hundred teachers served as participants, equally divided into two groups: An experimental sandplay group (EG) and control group. Both groups received a 3-hour tutorial on the psychological pressure at work, reactions to it, and physical/mental symptoms resulting from overwhelming pressure, and were introduced to the working principles and process of sandplay. EG participants then engaged in group sandplay for three consecutive days. The Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire was used as an objective measure of participants’ coping styles. Therapists’ and practitioners’ observations were used as subjective information, including the scenes and themes created by participants, individual performance during sandplay activities, and feedback regarding changes to stress coping strategies. We compared participants’ pre-and post-test stress coping strategies. The results revealed a significant improvement in the EG sample at the shift from passive coping (pre-test M = 1.94, 95% CI [1.83–2.05]; post-test M = 0.96, 95% CI [0.92–1.00]) to active coping (pre-test M = 1.76, 95% CI [1.69–1.83]; post-test M = 2.41, 95% CI [2.29–2.53]). Overall, our findings support the conclusion that group sandplay effectively improved Chinese teachers’ overall stress coping abilities.

scholarly journals Auditory Efferent System Influences the Auditory Overshoot Phenomenon- An Auditory Brainstem Response Study in Guinea Pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Haddadzade Niri ◽  
◽  
Nariman Rahbar ◽  
Akram Pourbakht ◽  
Hamid Haghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Efferent System ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Overshoot Phenomenon ◽  
Auditory Efferent ◽  
Objective Tool

Introduction: Detection of a brief tonal signal at the beginning of a longer masking noise is difficult, but it becomes easier when the onset of signal is delayed. This phenomenon is known as overshoot or temporal effect. Aiming of our study was to investigate the effect of the auditory efferent nerves (AENs) function on the auditory electrophysiological overshoot, further introducing an objective tool examining one of the AENs performances. Therefore, the effect and the trend of changes induced by low and high-frequency stimuli on electrophysiological overshoot in different delay onset time (DOTs) between the signal and the noise before and after dissecting the AENs were studied. Methods: Right internal auditory canals were exposed in 16 young male guinea pigs weighing 250 to 350 g. The inferior and posterior vestibular nerves that are known to carry AENs were transected in half of the subjects. Then, the ABR waveforms were recorded at 16 & 8 kHz tone burst stimuli at 0, 30, 60, 100 ms DOTs relative to wide-band noise. The value of latency of ABR waves I and III were compared among the different DOTs and five signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) before and after the surgery. Results: By increasing DOTs, the latency of ABR waves I& III decreased in the control group before and after the surgery and the case group before surgery at 16 kHz. However, the observed overshoot-like effect disappeared after the surgery in the case group. The wave's latency I& III increased from 0 to 30 ms, remained approximately constant from 30 to 60ms, and then began to decrease toward 100 ms DOTs. However, none of the measurements at 8 kHz, before and after surgery at both groups showed an overshoot effect. Conclusion(s): By using the ABR paradigm, the overshoot phenomenon disappeared after the transection of AENs. The results confirmed the role of the efferent system on auditory overshoot. Therefore, an objective tool to measure auditory efferent function is provided.

scholarly journals The effect of thyme honey on anemia in hemodialysis patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed Ali Mousavi Kiasari ◽  
Monir Nobahar ◽  
Raheb Ghorbani ◽  
Mohammad Reza Tamaddon
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thyme Honey

Background & Aim: Anemia is one of the most common complications of chronic renal failure, which is associated with increased fatigue, dyspnea, depression, malaise, prolonged hospitalization and mortality. Some patients are resistant to erythropoietin therapy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of thyme honey on anemia in hemodialysis patients. Methods & Materials: The present clinical trial was conducted in 2018 at Kowsar Hospital of Semnan on hemodialysis patients randomly selected with convenience sampling method within two groups of case (n=28) and control (n=27). The case group received thyme honey (33 g) daily for one month. The control group did not consume thyme honey. Blood samples were taken from the patients before and after the intervention with 10-hour fasting and then blood parameters were assessed. Results: The mean ±SD reduction rate in hemoglobin level was 0.46±0.96 in the case group and 0.23±3.15 g/dl in the control group, but no significant difference using independent t-test (P=0.758). The mean±SD reduction rate in hematocrit percentages was 1.20±2.78 in the case group and 0.11±8.53 in the control group, but there is no significant difference between the two groups using independent t-test (P=0.590). Conclusion: Results showed that daily administration of 33 grams of thyme honey had no effect on anemia in hemodialysis patients. Further studies are recommended with modification of the methodology regarding the type, dose, duration and instructions of honey consumption for better results.

scholarly journals A Prospective Multicenter Trial to Evaluate Urinary Metabolomics for Non-invasive Detection of Renal Allograft Rejection (PARASOL): Study Protocol and Patient Recruitment

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam C. Banas ◽  
Georg A. Böhmig ◽  
Ondrej Viklicky ◽  
Lionel P. Rostaing ◽  
Thomas Jouve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allograft Rejection ◽  
Renal Allograft ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Renal Allograft Rejection ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Additional Group ◽  
Over Time

Background: In an earlier monocentric study, we have developed a novel non-invasive test system for the prediction of renal allograft rejection, based on the detection of a specific urine metabolite constellation. To further validate our results in a large real-world patient cohort, we designed a multicentric observational prospective study (PARASOL) including six independent European transplant centers. This article describes the study protocol and characteristics of recruited better patients as subjects.Methods: Within the PARASOL study, urine samples were taken from renal transplant recipients when kidney biopsies were performed. According to the Banff classification, urine samples were assigned to a case group (renal allograft rejection), a control group (normal renal histology), or an additional group (kidney damage other than rejection).Results: Between June 2017 and March 2020, 972 transplant recipients were included in the trial (1,230 urine samples and matched biopsies, respectively). Overall, 237 samples (19.3%) were assigned to the case group, 541 (44.0%) to the control group, and 452 (36.7%) samples to the additional group. About 65.9% were obtained from male patients, the mean age of transplant recipients participating in the study was 53.7 ± 13.8 years. The most frequently used immunosuppressive drugs were tacrolimus (92.8%), mycophenolate mofetil (88.0%), and steroids (79.3%). Antihypertensives and antidiabetics were used in 88.0 and 27.4% of the patients, respectively. Approximately 20.9% of patients showed the presence of circulating donor-specific anti-HLA IgG antibodies at time of biopsy. Most of the samples (51.1%) were collected within the first 6 months after transplantation, 48.0% were protocol biopsies, followed by event-driven (43.6%), and follow-up biopsies (8.5%). Over time the proportion of biopsies classified into the categories Banff 4 (T-cell-mediated rejection [TCMR]) and Banff 1 (normal tissue) decreased whereas Banff 2 (antibody-mediated rejection [ABMR]) and Banff 5I (mild interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy) increased to 84.2 and 74.5%, respectively, after 4 years post transplantation. Patients with rejection showed worse kidney function than patients without rejection.Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of subjects recruited indicate a patient cohort typical for routine renal transplantation all over Europe. A typical shift from T-cellular early rejections episodes to later antibody mediated allograft damage over time after renal transplantation further strengthens the usefulness of our cohort for the evaluation of novel biomarkers for allograft damage.

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