As a Staple Food Substitute, Oat and Buckwheat Compound Has Health-Promoting Effects for Diabetic Rats

Dietary intervention is crucial for the prevention and control of diabetes. China has the largest diabetic population in the world, yet no one dietary strategy matches the eating habits of the Chinese people. To explore an effective and acceptable dietary pattern, this study uses oat and buckwheat compound (OBC) as a staple food substitute and explored its effects on diabetic Sprague–Dawley rats. The model of diabetic rats was established by combining high-calorie feed and streptozotocin (STZ) injection. The dietary intervention for the seven groups, including a normal control group, a model control group, a metformin control group, a wheat flour control group, and three OBC groups with different doses, started from the beginning of the experiment and lasted for 11 weeks, two consecutive injections of STZ in small doses were operated at the 6th week. General states, glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism indexes were measured. Antioxidant and inflammatory indexes and pathologic changes of kidney and liver tissues were tested. Changes in kidney and ileum ultramicrostructure were detected. What's more, ileal epithelial tight junction proteins and gut microbiota were analyzed. Significant decreases in fasting blood glucose (FBG), glucose tolerance, serum insulin, and insulin resistance were observed in rats intervened with OBC, and these rats also showed a higher level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) together with improved lipid metabolism, attenuated inflammation, and liver and kidney injuries. In addition, in OBC groups, the intestinal barrier was improved, and the disturbance of gut microbiota was reduced. These results suggest that OBC has health-promoting effects for diabetic rats, and since oat and buckwheat are traditionally consumed grains in China, OBC could be a potential and easy-to-accept staple food substitute for the dietary pattern for Chinese.

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Immunoregulatory function of Dictyophora echinovolvata spore polysaccharides in immunocompromised mice induced by cyclophosphamide

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.1515/biol-2021-0055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 620-629

Author(s):

Chenqiang Lin ◽

Hui Zhang ◽

Longjun Chen ◽

Yu Fang ◽

Jichen Chen

Keyword(s):

Lymphocyte Transformation ◽

Positive Control ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽

Model Control ◽

Healthy Female ◽

Group A ◽

Immunocompromised Mice ◽

Immune Imbalance

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the Dictyophora echinovolvata spore polysaccharides (DESP) affect the immunity in immunocompromised mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). The healthy female Kunming mice were randomly divided into six groups, including a normal control (NC) group, a positive control group, a model control (MC) group, and three groups treated with low-, intermediate-, and high-dose polysaccharide, respectively. A series of immunoregulatory properties were determined, including humoral and cellular immunity, immune function, and immune factors of mononuclear macrophages. Compared with NC and MC groups, treatment with DESP significantly increased the spleen index and decreased the thymus index; increased the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, IgM, hemolysin, IL-1β, and IL-2; delayed the allergic reaction; and improved the splenic lymphocyte transformation ability; and enhanced the phagocytosis of macrophages and the ability to secrete IL-6, TNF-α, caspase-1, and NO with DESP supplementation. These results indicated that DESP might have a good regulatory effect on CTX-induced immunodeficiency in mice, adjust the body’s immune imbalance, and improve the symptoms of low immunity.

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Protective effect of LIF-huMSCs on the retina of diabetic model rats

International Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.18240/ijo.2021.10.06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 1508-1517

Author(s):

Shan-Na Chen ◽

◽

Ying-Xue Ma ◽

Song Chen ◽

Guang-Hui He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Model ◽

Group A ◽

Retinal Structure ◽

Hs Crp ◽

Group B ◽

And Function ◽

Group D ◽

Control Group Group

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) modified by the LIF gene on the retinal function of diabetic model rats and preliminarily explore the possible mechanism. METHODS: A stably transfected cell line of hUCMSCs overexpressing leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was constructed. Overexpression was verified by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Forty-eight adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal control group (group A), streptozotocin-induced diabetic control group (group B), diabetic rats at 3mo injected with empty vector-transfected hUCMSCs (group C) or injected with LIF-hUCMSCs (group D). Four weeks after the intravitreal injection, analyses in all groups included retinal function using flash electroretinogram (F-ERG), retinal blood vessel examination of retinal flat mounts perfused with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran), and retinal structure examination of sections using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expression levels of adiponectin (APN), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) in each group was detected using immunohistochemistry, PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS: A stable transgenic cell line of LIF-hUCMSCs was constructed. F-ERG and FITC-dextran examinations revealed no abnormalities of retinal structure and function in group A, severe damage of the retinal blood vessels and function in group B, and improved retinal structure and function in group C and especially group D. qPCR, ELISA, and Western blot analyses revealed progressively higher APN and NT-4 expression levels in groups B, C, and D than in group A. hs-CRP expression was significantly higher in group B than in groups A, C, and D, and was significantly higher in group C than in group D (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: LIF-hUCMSCs protect the retina of diabetic rats by upregulating APN and NT-4 expression and downregulating hs-CRP expression in the retina.

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Targeting the perinatal diet to modulate the gut microbiota increases dietary variety and prebiotic and probiotic food intakes: results from a randomised controlled trial

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980020003511 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Samantha L Dawson ◽

Mohammadreza Mohebbi ◽

Jeffrey M Craig ◽

Phillip Dawson ◽

Gerard Clarke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Control Group ◽

Dietary Variety ◽

Probiotic Food ◽

Randomised Controlled

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the hypothesis that a perinatal educational dietary intervention focused on ‘eating for the gut microbiota’ improves diet quality of pregnant women pre- and postnatally. Design: The Healthy Parents, Healthy Kids study is a prospectively registered randomised controlled trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of a dietary intervention in altering the maternal and infant gut microbiota and improving perinatal diet quality. Eligible pregnant women were randomised to receive dietary advice from their healthcare provider or to additionally receive a three session dietary intervention. Dietary data were collected at gestation weeks 26, 31, 36 and postnatal week 4. Outcome measures were diet quality, dietary variety, prebiotic and probiotic food intakes, energy, fibre, saturated fat and discretionary food intakes. Between-group differential changes from baseline before and after birth in these dietary measures were assessed using generalised estimating equations. Setting: Melbourne, Australia. Participants: Healthy pregnant women from gestation week 26. Results: Forty-five women were randomised (twenty-two control, twenty-three intervention). Compared with the control group, the intervention group improved diet quality prior to birth (5·66 (95 % CI 1·65, 9·67), Cohen’s d: 0·82 (se 0·33)). The intervention improved dietary variety (1·05 (95 % CI 0·17, 1·94), d: 0·66 (se 0·32)) and increased intakes of prebiotic (0·8 (95 % CI 0·27, 1·33), d: 0·91 (se 0·33)) and probiotic foods (1·05 (95 % CI 0·57, 1·53), d: 1·3(se 0·35)) over the whole study period compared with the control group. Conclusion: A dietary intervention focused on ‘eating for the gut microbiota’ can improve aspects of perinatal diet quality during and after pregnancy.

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Electroacupuncture with high frequency at acupoint ST-36 induces regeneration of lost enteric neurons in diabetic rats via GDNF and PI3K/AKT signal pathway

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00396.2014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 309 (2) ◽

pp. R109-R118 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Fan Du ◽

Shi Liu

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Signal Pathway ◽

Normal Control Group ◽

Enteric Neurons ◽

Control Group ◽

Group A ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Stimulation Group

Background electroacupuncture (EA) at acupoint ST-36 (Zusanli) has been used to alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms and improve gastrointestinal motility, but the effects and mechanisms of EA on enteric nervous system (ENS) have scarcely been investigated. SD rats were randomly divided into eight groups: normal control group, diabetes mellitus group (DM), chronic high-frequency EA (C-HEA), chronic low-frequency EA (C-LEA), chronic sham stimulation group (C-SEA), acute high-frequency EA group (A-HEA), acute low-frequency EA group (A-LEA), and diabetic with acute sham stimulation group (A-SEA). The parameters of HEA included a frequency of 100 Hz and an amplitude of 1 mA, while the parameters for LEA were 10 Hz and 1 mA. The expressions of PGP9.5, neuronal nitric oxide synthase neurons, CHAT neurons, glia cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and p-Akt were measured by immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, and Western blotting methods in colon tissues of each rat. The total neurons and the two types of enteric neurons (neuronal nitric oxide synthase and choline acetyl transferase neurons), together with GDNF and p-Akt in the mRNA and protein level were significantly decreased in DM group compared with the normal control group in colon ( P < 0.01). Compared with DM or all other DM with EA groups, the chronic HEA could induce a more significant quantitative increase in the mRNA and protein level of the enteric neurons and GDNF and p-Akt in colon ( P < 0.01). EA with high-frequency and long-term stimuli at acupoint ST-36 can induce regeneration of lost enteric neurons in diabetic rats, and GDNF and PI3K/Akt signal pathway may play an important role in EA-induced regeneration of impaired enteric neurons.

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Effect of modification of nutrition counseling by using diet message sticker on food waste of inpatients

Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) ◽

10.21927/ijnd.2019.7(2).58-64 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Pramesti Retno Hapsari ◽

Retno Pangastuti ◽

Fery Lusviana Widiany

Keyword(s):

Food Waste ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Intervention Group ◽

T Test ◽

Clinical State ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Staple Food ◽

Food Component ◽

Side Dish

ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Asuhan gizi rumah sakit diberikan kepada pasien berdasarkan hasil asesmen, termasuk kondisi klinis. Salah satu faktor yang mendukung kepatuhan diet pasien di rumah sakit adalah edukasi gizi. Stiker pesan diet dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu untuk pemberian edukasi terhadap pasien. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian stiker pesan diet terhadap sisa makanan pasien rawat inap. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan desain perbandingan kelompok statis. Sebanyak 220 responden diambil secara acak, dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol (tanpa stiker diet) dan kelompok intervensi (diberi diet stiker). Stiker pesan diet diberikan kepada kelompok intervensi selama 1 hari dalam siklus menu ke-8. Stiker pesan diet ditempelkan di plato dan materinya disesuaikan dengan diet yang diberikan oleh ahli gizi rumah sakit. Sisa makanan diketahui menggunakan metode Visual Comstock berskala 6 poin. Data dianalisis univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji-T independen. Hasil: Rata-rata sisa makanan pada kelompok intervensi berdasarkan masing-masing komponen makanan adalah 28,62 ± 28,62% pada buah, 23,24 ± 23,24% pada sayuran, 22,38 ± 20,87% pada makanan pokok, 22,30 ± 22,69% pada lauk nabati, dan 20,75 ± 22,38% pada lauk hewani. Sedangkan rata-rata sisa makanan pada kelompok kontrol adalah 44,89 ± 44,89% pada buah, 33,32 ± 33,32% pada sayuran, 39,83 ± 29,33% pada makanan pokok, 31,67 ± 31,67% pada lauk nabati, dan 36,20 ± 31,76% pada lauk hewani. Hasil uji-T independen untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian stiker diet terhadap sisa makanan menunjukkan nilai p=0,000 (p<0,05) untuk semua kelompok komponen makanan. Kesimpulan: Modifikasi konseling gizi dengan menggunakan stiker pesan diet berpengaruh terhadap sisa makanan pasien rawat inap. KATA KUNCI: intervensi gizi, metode visual Comstock, pasien rawat inap, sisa makanan, stiker pesan diet ABSTRACTBackground: Nutrition care in hospital was provided to the patient based on nutritional assessment result, including clinical state. One of the factors supporting the dietary compliance of inpatients is a nutritional education. Diet message sticker could be used as a tool to educate patients. Objective: To analyze the effect of diet message sticker on food waste of inpatients. Methods: This was an experimental study with static group comparison design. As many as 220 respondents were randomly divided into control group (without diet sticker) and intervention group (given sticker diet). Diet message stickers were given to the intervention group for 1 day in the 8th menu cycle. Diet message sticker was attached on the plateau and the material was adjusted to the diet provided by the dietitian. Food waste was obtained by the Visual Comstock method with 6 point scale. Data was analyzed univariate and bivariate using independent T-test. Results: The average food waste in the intervention group which based on each food component were 28.62±28.62% in fruit, 23.24 ± 23.24% in vegetable, 22.38 ± 20.87% in staple food, 22.30 ± 22.69% in vegetable side dish, and 20.75 ± 22.38% in animal side dish respectively. While the average food waste in the control group were 44.89 ± 44.89% in fruit, 33.32 ± 33.32% in vegetable, 39.83 ± 29.33% in staple food, 31.67 ± 31.67% in vegetable side dish, and 36.20 ± 31.76% in animal side dish respectively. The result of the independent T-test to analyze the effect of applying diet message stickers to food waste showed p-value=0.000 (p<0.05) for all food component groups. Conclusion: Modification of nutritional counseling by using diet message sticker affects on food waste of inpatients. KEYWORDS: diet message sticker; dietary intervention; food waste; inpatient; visual comstock method.

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Bifidobacteriaceae family diversity in gut microbiota of patients with renal failure

10.21203/rs.2.23110/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gholamreza Hanifi ◽

Hamid Tayebi Khosroshahi ◽

Reza Shapouri ◽

Mohammad Asgharzadeh ◽

Hossein Samadi Kafil

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Control Group ◽

Disease Group ◽

Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage ◽

And Control ◽

Esrd Patients

Abstract Background: Bifidobacteriaceae family are belonged to the gut microbiota that could exhibit probiotic or health promoting effects on the host. Several studies suggested that gut microbiota are quantitative and qualitative altered in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The present study was aimed to assess the members of Bifidobacteriaceae family in fecal samples of patients with CKD and ESRD in compared to non-CKD/ESRD patients to find any changes of their counts in these patients.Methods: Twenty fresh fecal samples of patients with CKD/ESRD and twenty from non-CKD/ESRD patients were included. The whole DNA of fecal samples were extracted and the gut microbiota composition was analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS) method.Results: Total 651 strains were identified from 40 fecal samples, which 8 (1.23%) strains were identified as family Bifidobacteriaceae. The most abundance species in both control and disease group were Bifidobacterium adolescentis (2.10% ± 1.05% vs. 1.98% ± 1.53%, respectively) and the lowest abundance species in disease group was Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (0.0007% ± 0.0009%).Conclusions: There was no significant differentiation in the abundance of various species between disease group and control group (p<0.05). This study has confirmed that the members of Bifidobacteriaceae family are not alters in patients with CKD/ESRD.

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Expression of the Proteins Ski and Akradia in the Retinal Tissue of Diabetic Rats

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters ◽

10.1166/nnl.2019.3060 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1693-1698

Author(s):

Wenjun Gou ◽

Heng Li ◽

Xu Yang ◽

Yanhong Fang ◽

Bo Long ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Normal Control ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Normal Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Retinal Tissue ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽

Group A ◽

Proteasome Pathway ◽

Ski Protein

The aim of this study was to observe the effects of Ski and Arkadia protein expression in the retina of diabetic rats, as well as to explore the relationships between Ski, Arkadia, and diabetic retinopathy (DR) to provide theoretical insights into its pathogenesis. Forty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: the normal control group, and the DM (diabetes mellitus, DM) group. A DM rat model was established through a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg · kg–1 STZ. Ten rats in each group were sacrificed at the 8th and 12th weeks after model generation; the left eyeball of each rat was removed completely and made into eye cups. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of Ski and Arkadia in the retina of each rat. In the normal control group, Ski was highly expressed, while Arkadia was either not expressed or weakly expressed. At weeks 8 and 12, the expression of Arkadia in the retina of the rats in the DM group was significantly higher than in those of the normal control group (P <0.01), whereas the expression of Ski was significantly lower than in normal controls (P <0.01). In retinal tissue of diabetic rats, the ubiquitin proteasome pathway can degrade the expression of the Ski protein and the E3 ligase Arkadia is involved in the ubiquitination of Ski proteins.

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Reversibility of renal tubular dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the rat

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y92-134 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 70 (7) ◽

pp. 977-982 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S. Chouinard ◽

C. Viau

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Urinary Excretion ◽

Insulin Treatment ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Tubular Dysfunction ◽

Alanine Aminopeptidase ◽

Group A ◽

Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

Enzymuria and specific proteinuria were examined over a period of 19 days in 4 groups of 5 rats: a control group, a non-diabetic polyuric group, a group of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with insulin as of the 10th day after the injection of the drug, and a similar group of untreated diabetic rats. Increased urinary excretion of β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alanine aminopeptidase was observed shortly after the induction of diabetes. It was partly or totally reversible following insulin treatment. Nondiabetic polyuria had a slight effect on the excretion of alanine aminopeptidase only. The urinary excretion of β2-microglobulin also rapidly increased after the onset of diabetes to a level approximately 50 times the control values. This effect was largely reversible with insulin treatment and was absent in the nondiabetic polyuric group. A small but significant 3-fold increase in albumin excretion was also noted but was not affected by insulin treatment. We conclude that streptozotocin-induced diabetes causes an early tubular dysfunction that is unrelated to polyuria and is reversible upon insulin treatment. This tubular dysfunction is best revealed by the urinary excretion of the low molecular weight protein β2-microglobulin. Our results suggest that it would be of interest to further examine the usefulness of sensitive markers of tubular dysfunction, especially low molecular weight proteinuria, in the detection of early stages of diabetic nephropathy.Key words: diabetic nephropathy, enzyme, urine, proteinuria, β2-microglobulin, streptozotocin, insulin, rat.

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Perspectives on the role of the human gut microbiota and its modulation by pro- and prebiotics

Nutrition Research Reviews ◽

10.1079/095442200108729089 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 229-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 118

Author(s):

Toni Steer ◽

Hollie Carpenter ◽

Kieran Tuohy ◽

Glenn R. Gibson

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Gut Microflora ◽

Human Gut ◽

Human Gut Microbiota ◽

Disease States ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Micro Organisms

AbstractOne of the most topical areas of human nutrition is the role of the gut in health and disease. Specifically, this involves interactions between the resident microbiota and dietary ingredients that support their activities. Currently, it is accepted that the gut microflora contains pathogenic, benign and beneficial components. Some microbially induced disease states such as acute gastroenteritis and pseudomembranous colitis have a defined aetiological agent(s). Speculation on the role of microbiota components in disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, bowel cancer, neonatal necrotising enterocolitis and ulcerative colitis are less well defined, but many studies are convincing. It is evident that the gut microflora composition can be altered through diet. Because of their perceived health-promoting status, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are the commonest targets. Probiotics involve the use of live micro-organisms in food; prebiotics are carbohydrates selectively metabolized by desirable moieties of the indigenous flora; synbiotics combine the two approaches. Dietary intervention of the human gut microbiota is feasible and has been proven as efficacious in volunteer trials. The health bonuses of such approaches offer the potential to manage many gut disorders prophylactically. However, it is imperative that the best methodologies available are applied to this area of nutritional sciences. This will undoubtedly involve a genomic application to the research and is already under way through molecular tracking of microbiota changes to diet in controlled human trials.

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Dietary trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid alters fatty acid metabolism and microbiota composition in mice

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114514004206 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 113 (5) ◽

pp. 728-738 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Tatiana M. Marques ◽

Rebecca Wall ◽

Orla O'Sullivan ◽

Gerald F. Fitzgerald ◽

Fergus Shanahan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Control Group ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

16S Rrna Pyrosequencing ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) on intestinal microbiota composition and SCFA production. C57BL/6 mice (n 8 per group) were fed a standard diet either supplemented with t10c12-CLA (0·5 %, w/w) (intervention) or with no supplementation (control), daily for 8 weeks. Metabolic markers (serum glucose, leptin, insulin and TAG, and liver TAG) were assessed by ELISA commercial kits, tissue long-chain fatty acids and caecal SCFA by GC, and microbial composition by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing. Dietary t10c12-CLA significantly decreased visceral fat mass (P< 0·001), but did not affect body weight (intervention), when compared with no supplementation (control). Additionally, lipid mass and composition were affected by t10c12-CLA intake. Caecal acetate, propionate and isobutyrate concentrations were higher (P< 0·05) in the t10c12-CLA-supplemented group than in the control group. The analysis of the microbiota composition following 8 weeks of t10c12-CLA supplementation revealed lower proportions of Firmicutes (P= 0·003) and higher proportions of Bacteroidetes (P= 0·027) compared with no supplementation. Furthermore, t10c12-CLA supplementation for 8 weeks significantly altered the gut microbiota composition, harbouring higher proportions of Bacteroidetes, including Porphyromonadaceae bacteria previously linked with negative effects on lipid metabolism and induction of hepatic steatosis. These results indicate that the mechanism of dietary t10c12-CLA on lipid metabolism in mice may be, at least, partially mediated by alterations in gut microbiota composition and functionality.

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