scholarly journals Medical Species Used in Russia for the Management of Diabetes and Related Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Shikov ◽  
Igor A. Narkevich ◽  
Alexandra V. Akamova ◽  
Oksana D. Nemyatykh ◽  
Elena V. Flisyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Web Resource ◽  
Galega Officinalis

Background: Polyherbal mixtures called “medical species” are part of traditional and officinal medicine in Russia. This review aimed to analyze medical species used in Russia for the treatment of diabetes and related disorders. The information relevant to medical species, diabetes, and obesity was collected from local libraries, the online service E-library.ru, and Google Scholar. The prediction of the antidiabetic activity for the principal compounds identified in plants was performed using the free web resource PASS Online.Results: We collected and analyzed information about the compositions, specificities of use, and posology of 227 medical species. The medical species represent mixtures of 2–15 plants, while the most frequently mentioned in the literature are species comprising 3–6 plants. The top 10 plants among the 158 mentioned in the literature include Vaccinium myrtillus L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Taraxacum campylodes G.E. Haglund., Urtica dioica L., Rosa spp., Hypericum spp., Galega officinalis L., Mentha × piperita L., Arctium spp, and Fragaria vesca L. The leading binary combination found in medical species comprises the leaves of V. myrtillus and pericarp of P. vulgaris; leaves of V. myrtillus and leaves of U. dioica; and leaves of V. myrtillus and aerial parts of G. officinalis. In triple combinations, in addition to the above-mentioned components, the roots of T. campylodes are often used. These combinations can be regarded as basic mixtures. Other plants are added to improve the efficacy, treat associated disorders, improve gastrointestinal function, prevent allergic reactions, etc. Meanwhile, an increase in plants in the mixture necessitates advanced techniques for quality control. A feature of medical species in Russia is the addition of fresh juices, birch sap, seaweeds, and adaptogenic plants. Modern studies of the mechanisms of action and predicted activities of the principal compounds from medicinal plants support the rationality of polyherbal mixtures. Nevertheless, the mechanisms are not well studied and reported due to the limited number of compounds. Further investigations with calculations of synergistic or additive indices are important for strengthening the scientific fundamentals for the wider use of medical species in the therapy of diabetes. Two medical species, “Arfazetin” (7 medicinal plants) and “Myrphasinum” (12 medicinal plants), are approved for use in officinal medicine. The efficacy of these species was confirmed in several in vivo experiments and clinical trials. According to modern regulatory rules, additional experiments and clinical trials are required for more detailed investigations of the mechanisms of action and confirmation of efficacy.Conclusion: We believe that the scientifically based utilization of rich plant resources and knowledge of Russian herbal medicine can significantly contribute to the local economy as well as to the sectors seeking natural healing products.

scholarly journals Mining of high throughput screening database reveals AP-1 and autophagy pathways as potential targets for COVID-19 therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Zhu ◽  
Catherine Z. Chen ◽  
Srilatha Sakamuru ◽  
Jinghua Zhao ◽  
Deborah K. Ngan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Pathway Activity ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Approved Drugs

AbstractThe recent global pandemic of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 presents an urgent need for the development of new therapeutic candidates. Many efforts have been devoted to screening existing drug libraries with the hope to repurpose approved drugs as potential treatments for COVID-19. However, the antiviral mechanisms of action of the drugs found active in these phenotypic screens remain largely unknown. In an effort to deconvolute the viral targets in pursuit of more effective anti-COVID-19 drug development, we mined our in-house database of approved drug screens against 994 assays and compared their activity profiles with the drug activity profile in a cytopathic effect (CPE) assay of SARS-CoV-2. We found that the autophagy and AP-1 signaling pathway activity profiles are significantly correlated with the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity profile. In addition, a class of neurology/psychiatry drugs was found to be significantly enriched with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Taken together, these results provide new insights into SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential targets for COVID-19 therapeutics, which can be further validated by in vivo animal studies and human clinical trials.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Properties, Bioactive Constituents, and Other Therapeutic Effects ofScoparia dulcis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geethi Pamunuwa ◽  
D. Nedra Karunaratne ◽  
Viduranga Y. Waisundara
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Scoparia Dulcis ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Alternative And Complementary Therapy

This review discusses the antidiabetic activities ofScoparia dulcisas well as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in relation to the diabetes and its complications. Ethnomedical applications of the herb have been identified as treatment for jaundice, stomach problems, skin disease, fever, and kidney stones, reproductory issues, and piles. Evidence has been demonstrated through scientific studies as to the antidiabetic effects of crude extracts ofS. dulcisas well as its bioactive constituents. The primary mechanisms of action of antidiabetic activity of the plant and its bioactive constituents are throughα-glucosidase inhibition, curbing of PPAR-γand increased secretion of insulin. Scoparic acid A, scoparic acid D, scutellarein, apigenin, luteolin, coixol, and glutinol are some of the compounds which have been identified as responsible for these mechanisms of action.S. dulcishas also been shown to exhibit analgesic, antimalarial, hepatoprotective, sedative, hypnotic, antiulcer, antisickling, and antimicrobial activities. Given this evidence, it may be concluded thatS. dulciscould be promoted among the masses as an alternative and complementary therapy for diabetes, provided further scientific studies on the toxicological and pharmacological aspects are carried out through eitherin vivoor clinical means.

Traditional Medicines, HIV, and Related Infections

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Patel ◽  
P. Bessong ◽  
H. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Anti Hiv

Traditional medicines are an integral part of health care worldwide, even though their efficacy has not been scientifically proven. HIV-infected individuals may use them singularly or in combination with conventional medicines. Many in vitro studies have proven the anti-HIV, anti- Candida, and anti–herpes simplex virus potential of traditional plants and identified some of the mechanisms of action. Very few in vivo studies are available that involve a small number of participants and show controversial results. In addition, knowledge is limited of the role of traditional medicines in the enhancement of the immune system. The use of traditional medicines with antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) has created a problem because drug interactions compromise the efficacy of ARVs. Several currently popular plants have been studied in the laboratory for their interaction with ARVs, with disadvantageous results. Unfortunately, no clinical trials are available. The science of traditional medicines is relatively new and is at present being modernized worldwide. However, there are still ethical issues regarding traditional medicines that need to be addressed—for example, regulations regarding quality control and standardization of medicines, regulation and education of healers who deliver these medicines, and unregulated clinical trials. The workshop addressed the following questions about traditional medicine and their use in HIV infection: What are the mechanisms of action of anti-HIV traditional medicines? Should traditional medicines be used in conjunction with ARV? Do traditional medicines enhance the immune system? Should medicinal plants be used for the control of oral infections associated with HIV? What are the ethical issues surrounding the use of traditional medicines for the treatment of HIV and associated infections?

scholarly journals Determination of amino acids content in two samples of the plant mixtures by GC-MS

Pharmacia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-289
Author(s):  
Alona Savych ◽  
Svetlana Marchyshyn ◽  
Myroslava Harnyk ◽  
Victoria Kudria ◽  
Anna Ocheretniuk
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Plant Mixture

Due to the wide range of biologically active substances, the plant mixtures can influence the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Amino acids attract particular attention due to their ability to stimulate insulin secretion, reduce hyperglycemia and regulate metabolic processes in patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the content of amino acids in the plant mixture samples: 1) Cichorium intybus roots, Elymus repens rhizome, Helichrysum arenarium flowers, Rosa majalis fruits, Zea mays columns with stigmas, 2) Urtica dioica leaf, Taraxacum officinale roots, Vaccinium myrtillus leaf, Rosa majalis fruits, Mentha piperita herb, which have proven antidiabetic activity in studies in vivo. The amino acids were separated by validated method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with pre-column derivatisation. Quantitative analyses of amino acids showed that the predominant components were L-proline in the sample 1 and L-leucine and L-proline in the sample 2 of the plant mixtures.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Action of Flavonoids in the Management of Diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5-S) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
S Chandra Mohan ◽  
Namrata Jain ◽  
S. Sumathi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Keywords Diabetes ◽  
Microvascular And Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Chronic Use

Management of diabetes mellitus is a challenge for clinicians. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia increases the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications, damaging the body systems.  Although a number of antidiabetic drugs are available for therapeutic intervention, toxicity, loss of efficacy in chronic use and high cost of treatment have necessitated the search for new molecules to manage diabetes. Safety and cost are the main prerequisite for the new antidiabetic molecules. Medicinal plants and their purified phytochemicals have shown promising antidiabetic potential in the past few years. The flavonoids can be widely classified into different categories like anthocyanins, catechins, flavanols, flavones, flavanones etc. Some flavonoids have hypoglycemic properties. They may improve al-tered glucose and oxidative metabolisms of diabetic states. The hypoglycemic effect of some herbal extracts has been confirmed in human and animal models of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Some of the important phytoconstituents from the classes of flavonoid have been discussed here. The current review summarizes the  antidiabetic activity of flavonoids, the mechanism-based action of flavonoids that target the various metabolic pathways in humans. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Flavonoids, Medicinal plants, mechanisms of action, T2DM

scholarly journals Comprehensive Evidence-Based Assessment and Prioritization of Potential Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants: A Case Study from Canadian Eastern James Bay Cree Traditional Medicine

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre S. Haddad ◽  
Lina Musallam ◽  
Louis C. Martineau ◽  
Cory Harris ◽  
Louis Lavoie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Antidiabetic Plants

Canadian Aboriginals, like others globally, suffer from disproportionately high rates of diabetes. A comprehensive evidence-based approach was therefore developed to study potential antidiabetic medicinal plants stemming from Canadian Aboriginal Traditional Medicine to provide culturally adapted complementary and alternative treatment options. Key elements of pathophysiology of diabetes and of related contemporary drug therapy are presented to highlight relevant cellular and molecular targets for medicinal plants. Potential antidiabetic plants were identified using a novel ethnobotanical method based on a set of diabetes symptoms. The most promising species were screened for primary (glucose-lowering) and secondary (toxicity, drug interactions, complications) antidiabetic activity by using a comprehensive platform ofin vitrocell-based and cell-free bioassays. The most active species were studied further for their mechanism of action and their active principles identified though bioassay-guided fractionation. Biological activity of key species was confirmed in animal models of diabetes. Thesein vitroandin vivofindings are the basis for evidence-based prioritization of antidiabetic plants. In parallel, plants were also prioritized by Cree Elders and healers according to their Traditional Medicine paradigm. This case study highlights the convergence of modern science and Traditional Medicine while providing a model that can be adapted to other Aboriginal realities worldwide.

scholarly journals Alkaloids Isolated from Natural Herbs as the Anticancer Agents

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Jian Lu ◽  
Jiao-Lin Bao ◽  
Xiu-Ping Chen ◽  
Min Huang ◽  
Yi-Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Important Chemical

Alkaloids are important chemical compounds that serve as a rich reservoir for drug discovery. Several alkaloids isolated from natural herbs exhibit antiproliferation and antimetastasis effects on various types of cancers bothin vitroandin vivo. Alkaloids, such as camptothecin and vinblastine, have already been successfully developed into anticancer drugs. This paper focuses on the naturally derived alkaloids with prospective anticancer properties, such as berberine, evodiamine, matrine, piperine, sanguinarine, and tetrandrine, and summarizes the mechanisms of action of these compounds. Based on the information in the literature that is summarized in this paper, the use of alkaloids as anticancer agents is very promising, but more research and clinical trials are necessary before final recommendations on specific alkaloids can be made.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants Used in Democratic Republic of Congo: A Critical Review of Ethnopharmacology and Bioactivity Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félicien Mushagalusa Kasali ◽  
Justin Ntokamunda Kadima ◽  
Emanuel L. Peter ◽  
Andrew G. Mtewa ◽  
Clement Olusoji Ajayi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Antidiabetic Plants

Several studies have been conducted and published on medicinal plants used to manage Diabetes Mellitus worldwide. It is of great interest to review available studies from a country or a region to resort to similarities/discrepancies and data quality. Here, we examined data related to ethnopharmacology and bioactivity of antidiabetic plants used in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Data were extracted from Google Scholar, Medline/PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, the Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, and other documents focusing on ethnopharmacology, pharmacology, and phytochemistry antidiabetic plants used in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 2005 to September 2021. The Kew Botanic Royal Garden and Plants of the World Online web databases were consulted to verify the taxonomic information. CAMARADES checklist was used to assess the quality of animal studies and Jadad scores for clinical trials. In total, 213 plant species belonging to 72 botanical families were reported. Only one plant, Droogmansia munamensis, is typically native to the DRC flora; 117 species are growing in the DRC and neighboring countries; 31 species are either introduced from other regions, and 64 are not specified. Alongside the treatment of Diabetes, about 78.13% of plants have multiple therapeutic uses, depending on the study sites. Experimental studies explored the antidiabetic activity of 133 plants, mainly in mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits. Several chemical classes of antidiabetic compounds isolated from 67 plant species have been documented. Rare phase II clinical trials have been conducted. Critical issues included poor quality methodological protocols, author name incorrectly written (16.16%) or absent (14.25%) or confused with a synonym (4.69%), family name revised (17.26%) or missing (1.10%), voucher number not available 336(92.05%), ecological information not reported (49.59%). Most plant species have been identified and authenticated (89.32%). Hundreds of plants are used to treat Diabetes by traditional healers in DRC. However, most plants are not exclusively native to the local flora and have multiple therapeutic uses. The analysis showed the scarcity or absence of high-quality, in-depth pharmacological studies. There is a need to conduct further studies of locally specific species to fill the gap before their introduction into the national pharmacopeia.

scholarly journals Worldwide Research Trends on Medicinal Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Salmerón-Manzano ◽  
Jose Antonio Garrido-Cardenas ◽  
Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Scopus Database ◽  
The One

The use of medicinal plants has been done since ancient times and may even be considered the origin of modern medicine. Compounds of plant origin have been and still are an important source of compounds for drugs. In this study a bibliometric study of all the works indexed in the Scopus database until 2019 has been carried out, analyzing more than 100,000 publications. On the one hand, the main countries, institutions and authors researching this topic have been identified, as well as their evolution over time. On the other hand, the links between the authors, the countries and the topics under research have been analyzed through the detection of communities. The last two periods, from 2009 to 2014 and from 2015 to 2019, have been examined in terms of research topics. It has been observed that the areas of study or clusters have been reduced, those of the last period being those engaged in unclassified drug, traditional medicine, cancer, in vivo study—antidiabetic activity, and animals—anti-inflammatory activity. In summary, it has been observed that the trend in global research is focused more on the search for new medicines or active compounds rather than on the cultivation or domestication of plant species with this demonstrated potential.

scholarly journals Phytomedicines Used for Diabetes Mellitus in Ghana: A Systematic Search and Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Buenor Adinortey ◽  
Rosemary Agbeko ◽  
Daniel Boison ◽  
William Ekloh ◽  
Lydia Enyonam Kuatsienu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Secretion Inhibition ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Background. Available data indicate that diabetes mellitus leads to elevated cost of healthcare. This imposes a huge economic burden on households, societies, and nations. As a result many Ghanaians, especially rural folks, resort to the use of phytomedicine, which is relatively less expensive. This paper aims at obtaining information on plants used in Ghana to treat diabetes mellitus, gather and present evidence-based data available to support their uses and their mechanisms of action, and identify areas for future research.Method. A catalogue of published textbooks, monographs, theses, and peer-reviewed articles of plants used in Ghanaian traditional medicine between 1987 and July 2018 for managing diabetes mellitus was obtained and used.Results. The review identified 76 plant species belonging to 45 families that are used to manage diabetes mellitus. Leaves were the part of the plants frequently used for most preparation (63.8%) and were mostly used as decoctions. Majority of the plants belonged to the Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, and Apocynaceae families. Pharmacological data were available on 23 species that have undergonein vitrostudies. Forty species have been studied usingin vivoanimal models. Only twelve plants and their bioactive compounds were found with data on both preclinical and clinical studies. The records further indicate that medicinal plants showing antidiabetic effects did so via biochemical mechanisms such as restitution of pancreaticβ-cell function, improvement in insulin sensitivity by receptors, stimulating rate of insulin secretion, inhibition of liver gluconeogenesis, enhanced glucose absorption, and inhibition of G-6-Pase,α-amylase, andα-glucosidase activities.Conclusion. This review contains information on medicinal plants used to manage diabetes mellitus, including their pharmacological properties and mechanisms of action as well as models used to investigate them. It also provides gaps that can form the basis for further investigations and development into useful medications for effective treatment of diabetes mellitus.

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