scholarly journals Embryonic Thermal Manipulation Affects Ventilation, Metabolism, Thermal Control and Central Dopamine in Newly Hatched and Juvenile Chicks

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline C. G. Rocha ◽  
Caroline Cristina-Silva ◽  
Camila L. Taxini ◽  
Kaoma Stephani da Costa Silva ◽  
Virgínia T. M. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dopamine Turnover ◽  
Brain Monoamines ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Heart Mass ◽  
Thermal Manipulation

The first third of incubation is critical for embryonic development, and environmental changes during this phase can affect the physiology and survival of the embryos. We evaluated the effects of low (LT), control (CT), and high (HT) temperatures during the first 5 days of incubation on ventilation (V.E), body temperature (Tb), oxygen consumption (V.O2), respiratory equivalent (V.E/V.O2), and brain monoamines on 3-days-old (3d) and 14-days-old (14d) male and female chickens. The body mass of LT animals of both ages and sexes was higher compared to HT and CT animals (except for 3d males). The heart mass of 14d HT animals was higher than that of CT animals. Thermal manipulation did not affect V.E, V.O2 or V.E/V.O2 of 3d animals in normoxia, except for 3d LT males V.E, which was lower than CT. Regarding 14d animals, the HT females showed a decrease in V.E and V.O2 compared to CT and LT groups, while the HT males displayed a lower V.O2 compared to CT males, but no changes in V.E/V.O2. Both sexes of 14d HT chickens presented a greater Tb compared to CT animals. Thermal manipulations increased the dopamine turnover in the brainstem of 3d females. No differences were observed in ventilatory and metabolic parameters in the 3d animals of either sexes, and 14d males under 7% CO2. The hypercapnic hyperventilation was attenuated in the 14d HT females due to changes in V.O2, without alterations in V.E. The 14d LT males showed a lower V.E, during hypercapnia, compared to CT, without changes in V.O2, resulting in an attenuation in V.E/V.O2. During hypoxia, 3d LT females showed an attenuated hyperventilation, modulated by a higher V.O2. In 14d LT and HT females, the increase in V.E was greater and the hypometabolic response was attenuated, compared to CT females, which resulted in no change in the V.E/V.O2. In conclusion, thermal manipulations affect hypercapnia-induced hyperventilation more so than hypoxic challenge, and at both ages, females are more affected by thermal manipulation than males.

The metabolic rate and thermal conductance of the eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii) at different ambient temperatures

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Ikonomopoulou ◽  
R. W. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Metabolic Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Thermoneutral Zone ◽  
Reproductive Females

We investigated the metabolic rate, thermoneutral zone and thermal conductance of the eastern barred bandicoot in Tasmania. Five adult eastern barred bandicoots (two males, three non-reproductive females) were tested at temperatures of 3, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C. The thermoneutral zone was calculated from oxygen consumption and body temperature, measured during the daytime: their normal resting phase. It was found that the thermoneutral zone lies between 25°C and 30°C, with a minimum metabolic rate of 0.51 mL g–1 h–1 and body temperature of 35.8°C. At cooler ambient temperatures (3–20°C) the body temperature decreased to approximately 34.0°C while the metabolic rate increased from 0.7 to 1.3 mL g–1�h–1. At high temperatures (35°C and 40°C) both body temperature (36.9–38.7°C) and metabolic rate (1.0–1.5 mL g–1 h–1) rose. Thermal conductance was low below an ambient temperature of 30°C but increased significantly at higher temperatures. The low thermal conductance (due, in part, to good insulation, a reduced body temperature at lower ambient temperatures, combined with a relatively high metabolic rate) suggests that this species is well adapted to cooler environments but it could not thermoregulate easily at temperatures above 30°C.

Effect of Hypothermia of 2 to 24 Hours on Oxygen Consumption and Cardiac Output in the Dog

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Fisher ◽  
Clem Russ ◽  
E. J. Fedor
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anesthetic Agent ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
Initial Decrease ◽  
Physiologic Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Difference

The changes occurring in cardiac output and oxygen consumption in short periods of hypothermia are the same when either ether or pentobarbital sodium is used as the anesthetic agent during the induction of hypothermia. Following an initial decrease in oxygen consumption, no further change occurred as long as the body temperature was maintained at a constant level. Cardiac output, arterial-venous oxygen difference, and coefficient of oxygen utilization remain unchanged for longer periods of time than most physiologic parameters studied during prolonged hypothermia at constant temperatures. After about 14 hours they also begin to alter so that by 24 hours the changes are profound. Stagnant anoxemia and marked increased in the coefficient of O2 utilization resulting from the markedly lowered cardiac output, which was 5% of the precooled controls, occurred.

Temperature regulation and cold acclimation in the golden hamster

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Golden Hamster ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ambient Temperatures

Characteristics of cold acclimation in the golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, were 1) higher metabolic rate at -30 C, 2) less shivering when related to ambient temperature or oxygen consumption, and 3) higher differences in body temperature between cardiac area and thoracic subcutaneous tissues at all ambient temperatures tested, indicating changes in tissue insulation. Cold-acclimated hamsters also showed a rise in temperature of the cardiac area when ambient temperature was below 15 C. Changes in heat distribution in cold-acclimated hamsters suggest higher blood flow and heat production in the thoracic part of the body in the cold. The thermal conductance through the thoracic and lumbar muscle areas, however, did not change notably with lowering ambient temperature. Marked differences in thermoregulatory response to cold after cold acclimation were found between two species, the golden hamster and the thirteen-lined ground squirrel, showing greater ability to regulate body temperature in the cold in hamsters. hibernator; oxygen consumption— heat production; body temperature — heat conductance; muscular activity — shivering; thermoregulation Submitted on July 6, 1964

Hibernation in the Eastern Pygmy Possum, Cercartetus-Nanus (Marsupialia, Burramyidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Geiser
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Torpor ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cercartetus Nanus ◽  
Torpor Bouts

The pattern of torpor was examined in the eastern pygmy possum, Cercartetus nanus (21 g). Animals displayed torpor regularly in the laboratory, and the occurrence of torpor increased with decreasing air temperature (T(a)). At high T(a) (18-degrees-C) animals usually exhibited daily torpor, but torpor bouts of up to 2 days were observed occasionally. The duration of torpor bouts lengthened with a lowering of T(a) and the mean bout duration at T(a) = 5-degrees-C was 17.0 +/- 2.5 days. The minimum metabolic rate (measured as rate of oxygen consumption) of torpid individuals was 0.018 +/- 0.003 mL O2 g-1 h-1, which is less than 2% of the basal metabolic rate. The body temperature (T(b)) Of torpid animals fell to a minimum of 1.3 +/- 0.4-degrees-C. These results clearly demonstrate that Cercartetus nanus is a deep hibernator.

THE EFFECT OF HIGH HUMIDITY ON BODY TEMPERATURE AND OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF NEWBORN PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-747
Author(s):  
Herbert C. Miller ◽  
Franklin C. Behrle ◽  
David L. Hagar ◽  
Terry R. Denison
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Initial Decrease ◽  
Consistent Increase

Relative humidity between 80 and 90% increased the body temperatures of both healthy and sick premature infants, the increase being greatest in the least mature infants. No significant, consistent increase in oxygen consumption was observed to accompany the increase in body temperature produced by high relative humidity. Low relative humidity between 20 and 60% did not prevent the return of body temperature to normal values after the initial decrease immediately following birth. The return to normal was slower in the less mature infants. Low relative humidity was not incompatible with the survival of very small premature infants maintained in an ambient temperature betwen 88 and 90°F (31.1 to 32.2°C).

scholarly journals What is the Connection between Normal Body Temperature and Chicken Likeness?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Body Temperature ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
High Body ◽  
Strong Relation

The objective of current study was to co-relate normal body temperature with chicken likeness. Body temperature is the normal temperature of the body. Usual body temperature may change in different situations such as by age, person, time of the day and activity. Thermometer is the instrument used to find out the temperature of the body. Total of 150 students took part in the recent study and they were the students of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan Pakistan. We arranged the instrument and then measured their body temperature. At the end we can concluded that there is a strong relation between these two variables. The male and female individuals with high body temperature are chicken lovers.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Penurunan Suhu Tubuh Tikus Wistar Jantan Dan Betina Yang Mati Akibat Diinduksi Metanol

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Abdul Hakim Nitiprodjo ◽  
Titik Kusumawinakhyu
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Someone who dies will experience a decrease in body temperature from body temperature at the beginning of death, both within normal and abnormal limits to room temperature. Decrease in body temperature according to sex may differ in duration. Coupled with exposure to methanol, it is also possible to influence a decrease in body temperature of the corpse. This study aimed to analyze the differences in body temperature reduction in male and female Wistar rats  induced with methanol.This research is an experimental study with a pre and post test control group design approach. The design of this study was to observe the body temperature of male and female Wistar rats while still alive and after death and the duration of decrease in body temperature of male and female Wistar mice after being induced with methanol. The population studied was male and female Wistar rat. Based on the results from analysis test, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference between the decrease in body temperature of male and female Wistar rats that died induced by methanol, but there is a significant difference between the decrease in body temperature of male and female Wistar rats who died induced by methanol and without methanol.

THE USE OF HYPOTHERMIA IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
John R. S. Shields
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Child ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surgical Field

So MUCH has already been said and written about hypothermia in the past decade that one hesitates to add yet another paper. The excuse for doing so is that our experimental and clinical work over the last 5 or 6 years has led to some practical results and conclusions which have greatly reduced the mortality and increased the usefulness of this technique. There are so many occasions on which benefit can be seen from the lowered metabolism resulting from the reduction of the body temperature and so many cases where the ill effects of anoxia may be lessened by hypothermia, that we believe many cases must benefit from its application, provided the method of cooling is safe and readily controlled. General Considerations The principal advantages from cooling are: 1. Reduction in metabolic rate and a lowering of oxygen consumption to something in the order of 50% of normal at 30°C. 2. Reduction in cardiac output. 3. Reduction in clotting time, which may prove useful in cases of cardiac disease with polycythemia. Our clinical experience has been predominantly in the surgical field, but hypothermia does also have important applications in other than surgical cases and its employment should be extended. In particular, we firmly believe that children are often most suitable subjects for this technique. Not infrequently one hears a physician doubting if an infant on small child should be subjected to the "stress" of hypothermia; the truth would appear to be just the opposite—that hypothermia, properly managed, actually protects against shock.

scholarly journals A broad-scale comparison of aerobic activity levels in vertebrates: endotherms versus ectotherms

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1849) ◽  
pp. 20162328 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Gillooly ◽  
Juan Pablo Gomez ◽  
Evgeny V. Mavrodiev
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Mass Dependence ◽  
Aerobic Scope ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Mass Scaling ◽  
Heart Mass ◽  
Consumption Rates

Differences in the limits and range of aerobic activity levels between endotherms and ectotherms remain poorly understood, though such differences help explain basic differences in species' lifestyles (e.g. movement patterns, feeding modes, and interaction rates). We compare the limits and range of aerobic activity in endotherms (birds and mammals) and ectotherms (fishes, reptiles, and amphibians) by evaluating the body mass-dependence of VO 2 max, aerobic scope, and heart mass in a phylogenetic context based on a newly constructed vertebrate supertree. Contrary to previous work, results show no significant differences in the body mass scaling of minimum and maximum oxygen consumption rates with body mass within endotherms or ectotherms. For a given body mass, resting rates and maximum rates were 24-fold and 30-fold lower, respectively, in ectotherms than endotherms. Factorial aerobic scope ranged from five to eight in both groups, with scope in endotherms showing a modest body mass-dependence. Finally, maximum consumption rates and aerobic scope were positively correlated with residual heart mass. Together, these results quantify similarities and differences in the potential for aerobic activity among ectotherms and endotherms from diverse environments. They provide insights into the models and mechanisms that may underlie the body mass-dependence of oxygen consumption.

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