scholarly journals Life on the Rocks: First Insights Into the Microbiota of the Threatened Aquatic Rheophyte Hanseniella heterophylla

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witoon Purahong ◽  
Shakhawat Hossen ◽  
Ali Nawaz ◽  
Dolaya Sadubsarn ◽  
Benjawan Tanunchai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
Disturbed Area ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Plant Microbiota ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Antibiotic Degradation ◽  
Potential Use

Little is known about microbial communities of aquatic plants despite their crucial ecosystem function in aquatic ecosystems. Here, we analyzed the microbiota of an aquatic rheophyte, Hanseniella heterophylla, growing at three areas differing in their degree of anthropogenic disturbance in Thailand employing a metabarcoding approach. Our results show that diverse taxonomic and functional groups of microbes colonize H. heterophylla. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Dothideomycetes, and Sordariomycetes form the backbone of the microbiota. Surprisingly, the beneficial microbes reported from plant microbiomes in terrestrial habitats, such as N-fixing bacteria and ectomycorrhizal fungi, were also frequently detected. We showed that biofilms for attachment of H. heterophylla plants to rocks may associate with diverse cyanobacteria (distributed in eight families, including Chroococcidiopsaceae, Coleofasciculaceae, Leptolyngbyaceae, Microcystaceae, Nostocaceae, Phormidiaceae, Synechococcaceae, and Xenococcaceae) and other rock biofilm-forming bacteria (mainly Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Flavobacterium). We found distinct community compositions of both bacteria and fungi at high and low anthropogenic disturbance levels regardless of the study areas. In the highly disturbed area, we found strong enrichment of Gammaproteobacteria and Tremellomycetes coupled with significant decline of total bacterial OTU richness. Bacteria involved with sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic) degradation and human pathogenic fungi (Candida, Cryptococcus, Trichosporon, and Rhodotorula) were exclusively detected as indicator microorganisms in H. heterophylla microbiota growing in a highly disturbed area, which can pose a major threat to human health. We conclude that aquatic plant microbiota are sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance. Our results also unravel the potential use of this plant as biological indicators in remediation or treatment of such disturbed ecosystems.

scholarly journals Size and Shape-Dependent Antimicrobial Activities of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles: A Model Study as Potential Fungicides

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis J. Osonga ◽  
Ali Akgul ◽  
Idris Yazgan ◽  
Ayfer Akgul ◽  
Gaddi B. Eshun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Silver And Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Plant-based pathogenic microbes hinder the yield and quality of food production. Plant diseases have caused an increase in food costs due to crop destruction. There is a need to develop novel methods that can target and mitigate pathogenic microbes. This study focuses on investigating the effects of luteolin tetraphosphate derived silver nanoparticles (LTP-AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (LTP-AuNPs) as a therapeutic agent on the growth and expression of plant-based bacteria and fungi. In this study, the silver and gold nanoparticles were synthesized at room temperature using luteolin tetraphosphate (LTP) as the reducing and capping agents. The synthesis of LTP-AgNPs and LTP-AuNP was characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and size distribution. The TEM images of both LTP-AgNPs and LTP-AuNPs showed different sizes and shapes (spherical, quasi-spherical, and cuboidal). The antimicrobial test was conducted using fungi: Aspergillus nidulans, Trichaptum biforme, Penicillium italicum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, while the class of bacteria employed include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, and Citrobacter freundii as Gram (−) bacteria, and Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus epidermidis as Gram (+) bacterium. The antifungal study demonstrated the selective size and shape-dependent capabilities in which smaller sized spherical (9 nm) and quasi-spherical (21 nm) AgNPs exhibited 100% inhibition of the tested fungi and bacteria. The LTP-AgNPs exhibited a higher antimicrobial activity than LTP-AuNPs. We have demonstrated that smaller sized AgNPs showed excellent inhibition of A. nidulans growth compared to the larger size nanoparticles. These results suggest that LTP-AuNP and LTP-AgNPs could be used to address the detection and remediation of pathogenic fungi, respectively.

The potential use of Debaryomyces hansenii for the biological control of pathogenic fungi in food

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noé Medina-Córdova ◽  
Sergio Rosales-Mendoza ◽  
Luis Guillermo Hernández-Montiel ◽  
Carlos Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Potential Use

scholarly journals Communities of bacteria and fungi occurring in the rhizosphere of winter wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 361-363
Author(s):  
E. Patkowska ◽  
D. Pięta ◽  
A. Pastucha
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Wheat Rhizosphere ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Total Bacteria

The purpose of the present studies was to establish the species composition of fungi occurring on the underground parts of winter wheat, Kobra cv. and to determine the quantitative and qualitative composition of microorganisms developing in the rhizosphere of this plant. The mycological analysis of the infected roots and the stem base of winter wheat gave 320 fungi isolates. Fusarium spp. were most frequently isolated, and their proportion was 64.7% of all the fungi. This genus was represented by F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum and F. solani. Among these species the dominating ones were F. avenaceum (19.4%) and F. culmorum (38.7%). The microbiological analysis of winter wheat rhizosphere gave the highest number of total bacteria (6.32 × 106 cfu/g of d.w. of soil). The number of Pseudomonas pp. was 3.56 × 106 cfu/g of d.w. of soil, and the number of Bacillus spp. was 2.42 × 106 cfu/g of d.w. of soil. Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani dominated within pathogenic fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of winter wheat.

scholarly journals Revealing hidden insect–fungus interactions; moderately specialized, modular and anti-nested detritivore networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1876) ◽  
pp. 20172833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rannveig M. Jacobsen ◽  
Anne Sverdrup-Thygeson ◽  
Håvard Kauserud ◽  
Tone Birkemoe
Keyword(s):  
Dead Wood ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
And Function ◽  
Randomized Networks ◽  
Ecosystem Structure And Function

Ecological networks are composed of interacting communities that influence ecosystem structure and function. Fungi are the driving force for ecosystem processes such as decomposition and carbon sequestration in terrestrial habitats, and are strongly influenced by interactions with invertebrates. Yet, interactions in detritivore communities have rarely been considered from a network perspective. In the present study, we analyse the interaction networks between three functional guilds of fungi and insects sampled from dead wood. Using DNA metabarcoding to identify fungi, we reveal a diversity of interactions differing in specificity in the detritivore networks, involving three guilds of fungi. Plant pathogenic fungi were relatively unspecialized in their interactions with insects inhabiting dead wood, while interactions between the insects and wood-decay fungi exhibited the highest degree of specialization, which was similar to estimates for animal-mediated seed dispersal networks in previous studies. The low degree of specialization for insect symbiont fungi was unexpected. In general, the pooled insect–fungus networks were significantly more specialized, more modular and less nested than randomized networks. Thus, the detritivore networks had an unusual anti-nested structure. Future studies might corroborate whether this is a common aspect of networks based on interactions with fungi, possibly owing to their often intense competition for substrate.

scholarly journals A Composite Bioinoculant Based on the Combined Application of Beneficial Bacteria and Fungi

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrietta Allaga ◽  
Bettina Bóka ◽  
Péter Poór ◽  
Viktor Dávid Nagy ◽  
Attila Szűcs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Azotobacter Vinelandii ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

A composite soil bioinoculant containing beneficial bacteria and fungi was developed for biocontrol of plant pathogens, phosphorous mobilization, stem degradation, humification, and nitrogen fixation. A Trichoderma asperellum isolate with outstanding in vitro antagonistic abilities toward a series of plant pathogenic fungi was included as a potential biocontrol component. The selected strain was also shown to promote growth and increase photosynthetic activity of tomato plants. For phosphorous mobilization and stem degradation, a Trichoderma atrobrunneum strain was selected, which produced cellulose-degrading enzymes even in the absence of stem residues, while this ability increased 10–15-fold in the presence of ground maize stem. The strain was also shown to produce large amounts of enzymes liberating organically bound phosphorous, as well as cellulase and xylanase activities in solid-state fermentation on various plant residues. A Streptomyces albus strain with excellent peroxidase-producing abilities was selected as a potential humus-producing component, while an Azotobacter vinelandii strain with the potential to provide excess nitrogen for crops was included for nitrogen fixation. The assembled soil bioinoculant had positive effect on the uptake of certain important macro- and microelements (potassium, sodium, and manganese) from the soil by field-grown tomato plants. The applied screening strategy proved to be applicable for the assembly of a composite soil bioinoculant with notable application potentials.

scholarly journals Sürdürülebilir Bir Çevre İçin Biyopestisit Olarak Neem

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Sadettin Ünsal
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Neem Products

Pesticides have both acute and chronic effects on humans and all other warm blooded living things. In pesticide applications, few of the amount used reaches the target organisms, whereas the rest mixes into the ecosystem and leads to the deterioration of the ongoing natural balance. Therefore, growing attention has been given toward the development of alternate environmentally friendly pesticides/insecticides that would aid an efficient pest management system and also prevent chronic exposures leading to diseases. In this context, plant-derived natural products are considered valuable candidates to reverse this negative trend. Botanical pesticides are relatively safe, degradable, and are readily available sources of biopesticides. Neem is an ideal alternative candidate as a natural non-synthetic plant pesticide. The neem products have been obtained from several species of neem trees in the family Meliaceae. Array of more than 300 bioactive compounds in the neem tree makes it a unique plant with potential applications in pest and vector management. Botanical pesticides, such as neem, have limited persistence in the environment, and ultraviolet light, temperature, rainfall and other environmental factors can degrade neem. Unlike toxic synthetic insecticides, neem materials do not kill the pest, but incapacitate or neutralize it via cumulative behavioural, physiological, and cytological effects. In spite of high selectivity, neem materials affect more than 400 harmful species including insect pests, phytophagous mites, mites, and ticks affecting man and animals, parasitic protozoans, noxious molluscs, plant parasitic nematodes, pathogenic fungi, and harmful bacteria and fungi. Neem ingredients affect insects in various ways such as repellent, antifeedant, toxic, fecundity and growth regulatory effects. This review presents an overview of recent advances in research on the environmental impact of neem products and their use and effectiveness as a biopesticide.

scholarly journals Blocking IL-17: A Promising Strategy in the Treatment of Systemic Rheumatic Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7100
Author(s):  
Carlos Rafael-Vidal ◽  
Nair Pérez ◽  
Irene Altabás ◽  
Samuel Garcia ◽  
Jose M. Pego-Reigosa
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Systemic Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Potential Use

Systemic rheumatic diseases are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune disorders that affect the connective tissue, characterized by the involvement of multiple organs, leading to disability, organ failure and premature mortality. Despite the advances in recent years, the therapeutic options for these diseases are still limited and some patients do not respond to the current treatments. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a cytokine essential in the defense against extracellular bacteria and fungi. Disruption of IL-17 homeostasis has been associated with the development and progression of rheumatic diseases, and the approval of different biological therapies targeting IL-17 for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has highlighted the key role of this cytokine. IL-17 has been also implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the most recent findings about the pathogenic role of IL-17 in systemic rheumatic and its potential use as a therapeutic option.

Compatibility of Commercially Produced Protective Cultures with Common Cheesemaking Cultures and Their Antagonistic Effect on Foodborne Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1010-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
CATHERINE A. GENSLER ◽  
STEPHANIE R. B. BROWN ◽  
SULAIMAN F. ALJASIR ◽  
DENNIS J. D'AMICO
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Cheese Industry ◽  
Ultrahigh Temperature ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACT The documented survival of pathogenic bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes (LM), Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and Salmonella during the manufacture and aging of some cheeses highlights the need for additional interventions to enhance food safety. Unfortunately, few interventions are compliant with the Standards of Identity for cheese. Protective bacterial cultures (PCs) represent actionable, natural interventions. However, supportive data for commercially produced PCs regarding their efficacy against pathogens and potential antagonism with each other and cheesemaking cultures are scant, thereby impeding their potential use by the cheese industry. The overall objective of this study was to identify commercially produced PCs that exert antimicrobial activity toward pathogens with minimal impact on beneficial cheese microbes. Direct antagonism and agar well diffusion assays were used to determine the impact of 10 commercially produced PCs on the growth of starter cultures and cultures of ripening bacteria and fungi. Deferred antagonism was used to evaluate the potential for antimicrobial effects against LM, STEC, and Salmonella. PCs and starter cultures were cocultured in ultrahigh-temperature-processed milk to determine the effects of coculture on starter acidification profiles when incubated according to a simulated cheesemaking temperature profile (4 h at 35°C followed by 20 h at 20°C). Compatibility assays suggest that PC antagonism is microbe and strain specific. Only one PC negatively impacted the acidification of the starters tested. PC antagonism of ripening bacteria and fungi growth varied but was consistent within species. All PCs displayed deferred inhibition of LM, STEC, and Salmonella growth, but to varying degrees. These data identify commercial PCs with potential for the control of pathogens and characterize their compatibility with cheesemaking cultures for future use by cheesemakers and investigations of their efficacy in the production of cheese. HIGHLIGHTS

Synthesis, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of new pyrimidinone derivatives

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oussama Cherif ◽  
Fatma Masmoudi ◽  
Fatma Allouche ◽  
Fakher Chabchoub ◽  
Mohamed Trigui
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of new pyrrolopyrimidinones 3a-d and isoxazolopyrimidinones 4a-c from the respective aminocyanopyrroles 1a-d and aminocyanoisoxazoles 2a-c is presented. The synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity against a panel of bacteria and fungi. Compound 4c exhibits remarkable activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Application Of Biological Indicators For Estimation Of Remediation Of Soil Degraded By Sulphur Industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Joniec ◽  
Jadwiga Furczak ◽  
Edyta Kwiatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Respiration Activity ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Bacterial Groups

AbstractThe study was conducted on an experiment established in the area of the former Sulphur Mine “Jeziorko.” The remediation was applied to a soil-less formation with particle size distribution of weakly loamy sand, strongly acidified and with bad sorptive properties (Corg.- 2.0 g kg−1; pHKCl- 4.3; T - 7.0 cmol(+) kg−1). In the particular treatments of the experiment the following were applied to the soil-less formation: flotation lime and NPK; lime and sewage sludge; sewage sludge; mineral wool (5 cm 50 cm−1), lime and NPK; mineral wool (5 cm 50 cm−1), lime and sewage sludge; mineral wool (500 m3ha−1), lime and NPK; mineral wool (500 m3ha−1), lime and sewage sludge. Plots prepared in that manner were then sown with a mix of grasses. The control was the soil with no amendments. The analyses of the soil material comprised assays of the numbers of particular groups of bacteria and fungi, and of their biochemical and enzymatic activities. The study revealed that all the wastes applied for the remediation caused an increase in the numbers of the bacterial groups studied (copiotrophic, oligotrophic, cellulolytic, lipolytic), as well as in the respiration activity and rate of mineralisation of cellulose. That effect was the most pronounced in the case of sewage sludge. In treatments in which sewage sludge was applied, an increase was also observed in the numbers of the studied fungi (fungi on Martin medium, cellulolytic fungi, lipolytic fungi) and in lipase activity. Whereas, the application of the remaining wastes resulted in a slight decrease in the numbers of the fungal groups under analysis. Comparing the mean annual values of the analysed biological, physical, chemical and physicochemical properties it was found that the biological properties were as sensitive, and in the case of certain tests (numbers of cellulolytic and lipolytic bacteria, rate of cellulose mineralisation) even more sensitive indicators of positive changes taking place in the remediated soil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document