scholarly journals Effects of Seaweed Extracts on the Growth, Physiological Activity, Cane Yield and Sucrose Content of Sugarcane in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diwen Chen ◽  
Wenling Zhou ◽  
Jin Yang ◽  
Junhua Ao ◽  
Ying Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Seaweed Extracts

Seaweed extracts (SEs) have been widely used as biostimulants in crop management due to their growth-promoting and stress-resistant effects. To date, there are few reports of the effect of SEs on sucrose content and cane yield. Here, we conducted field experiments for three consecutive growth seasons (2017∼2019) in two areas (Suixi and Wengyuan) of China, to investigate the yield and sugar content of sugarcane in response to SE treatment at different growth stages. The results showed that spraying SEs once at seedling (S), early elongation (E), and early mature (M) stages, respectively, once at S and E stages, respectively, or once at the S stage increased the cane yield by 9.23, 9.01, and 3.33%, respectively, implying that SEs application at the early elongation stage played a vital role in promoting sugarcane growth. Photosynthetic parameters and nutrient efficiency analysis showed that spraying SEs at S and E stages enhanced the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and water use efficiency, and increased N, P, or K utilization efficiency, compared with those of the control. Notably, cane yield increasing rate of SEs in 2017 and 2018 were higher than those in 2019 in Wengyuan but lower than those in 2019 in Suixi. Interestingly, the total rainfall and monthly average rainfall in 2017 and 2018 were lower than those in 2019 in Wengyuan but higher than those in 2019 in Suixi. The results suggested that the yield increasing rate of SEs on sugarcane was better in less rainfall years. The sucrose content of sugarcane showed no difference between spraying SEs at the M stage alone or at the three growth stages but was higher than those of SE treatments at S and/or E stages. Enzyme activity analysis showed that spraying SEs at the M stage increased the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase activity by 9.14% in leaves and 15.16% in stems, and decreased soluble acid invertase activity in stems by 16.52%, which contributed to the sucrose increase of 5.00%. The above results suggested that SEs could increase cane yield and promote sucrose accumulation in sugarcane. The yield increasing effect was more obvious under conditions of drought stress.

Effects of tissue culture, biolistic transformation, and introduction of PPO and SPS gene constructs on performance of sugarcane clones in the field

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Vickers ◽  
C. P. L. Grof ◽  
G. D. Bonnett ◽  
P. A. Jackson ◽  
T. E. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Transgenic Sugarcane ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Sense Orientation

Stably transformed sugarcane plants were produced by the biolistic introduction of DNA into tissue-cultured cells. Constructs containing genes in sense and antisense orientation of polyphenol oxidase and sense orientation of sucrose phosphate synthase were used in the transformations. Regenerated plants were grown in a series of field experiments that incorporated commercial varieties, including Q117, from which the transgenic clones were derived and plants regenerated from tissue culture but not subjected to biolistic bombardment. In all experiments, the mean yield of transgenic sugarcane was lower than commercial varieties and the transgenic clones often exhibited lower sugar content, although individual transgenic clones in some experiments were not significantly different from Q117. Those plants regenerated from tissue culture but not bombarded were intermediate in their yield, and more clones were equivalent to Q117 in agronomic performance. Transformed plants produced by the bombardment of callus performed poorly but the results from the tissue-cultured controls indicated that not all of this could be due to somaclonal variation. Some aspect(s) of the process of transformation itself was deleterious and in most cases more significant than the effects due to tissue culture. Of the transgenic clones grown at Ayr, Queensland, 1.6% were equivalent to Q117 in sugar content and yield, suggesting that large numbers of transgenic clones would have to be generated using the current method in order to allow for selection of clones with acceptable agronomic performance.

Early stage selection for commercial cane sugar (CCS) in sugarcane clones: effects of time of sampling and irrigation

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip A. Jackson ◽  
Terry E. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Breeding ◽  
Selection For

Commercially recoverable sugar content in sugarcane (CCS, expressed as a percentage) is a key selection criterion in sugarcane breeding programs. In some sugarcane breeding programs there may be significant operational advantages in measuring CCS early in the crop growth cycle, well before commercial harvesting would normally commence, and in restricting growth by withholding irrigation to reduce cane yield and lodging. Two field experiments were conducted to investigate these effects. The experiments included clones representative of genotypes routinely assessed in the earliest stages of clonal selection in breeding programs. Differences among genotypes for CCS were expressed early when cane had very low CCS (in February or March), and then rates of increase in CCS following that time were similar in most genotypes. Therefore, time of sampling had little effect on ranking of genotypes for CCS, and selection for high CCS could be effective early in the year. Irrigation regime also had little effect on ranking of the clones for CCS, indicating that mild water stress could be imposed with no adverse effect on selection results. The results are discussed in relation to optimising selection procedures and systems in early stage selection trials in sugarcane breeding programs, and better understanding the physiological basis of genetic variation in CCS.

scholarly journals Effects of different fertilization practices on the glucose, fructose, sucrose, taste and texture of carrot

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Aino-Maija Evers
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
The Mean

The effects of different fertilization practices on the glucose, fructose, sucrose, taste and texture of carrot cv. Nantes Duke Notabene 370 Sv were studied in field experiments carried out in southern Finland in 1985 and 1986. The effects of unirrigated and irrigated placement and broadcast fertilization, NPK fertirrigations without basic fertilization, NPK fertirrigations with NPK basic fertilization, and PK placement with N fertirrigations were compared. Further, the effects of single application were compared with those of split applications. Sugar analyses were made by high performance liquid chromatography, and sensory evaluations were performed for taste and texture. The results were analysed by contrast analysis. In 1985, fertilization and fertilization practices had no effects on sugar contents. In 1986, the unfertilized treatments had a tendency to yield higher glucose and fructose, and thus also total sugar contents than did the fertilized treatments on the average. Placement fertilization had a tendency to increase the glucose content as compared to NPK fertirrigations. No significant differences or tendencies were found in sucrose content. The glucose and fructose contents were higher in 1985 than in 1986. The sucrose content was mainly opposite, being higher in 1986.Weather conditions were more favourable for photosynthesis in 1986 than in 1985. The mean total sugar content in fresh weight was 7.8 % in 1985 and 6.7 % in 1986. Indicative results of taste and texture are presented. The sugar content in organically cultivated carrots did not differ from that of conventionally grown carrots, but the taste was worse.

scholarly journals Gas exchanges and carbohydrate metabolism in orangetrees with citrus variegated chlorosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara de Menezes de Assis Gomes ◽  
Ana Maria Magalhães Andrade Lagôa ◽  
Eduardo Caruso Machado ◽  
Camilo Lázaro Medina ◽  
Marcos Antônio Machado
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Citrus Variegated Chlorosis ◽  
Orange Trees

Gas exchanges, sucrose, starch and reducing sugar contents were analyzed in leaves of orange trees with and without Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC), a disease caused by the bacteria Xylella fastidiosa. Healthy plants (HP) and diseased plants (DP) were evaluated 20 and 26 months after bacterial inoculation, in October 1998 and April 1999, respectively. On the first evaluation date, CO2 assimilation rates for HP were greater than DP in the early morning and midday, but on the second date they were greater in HP all along the day. On the first date, there was an increase in the sucrose content of DP at 15:00 h and 17:00 h in relation to HP. On the second evaluation date, DP presented greater reducing sugar content only in the early morning while sucrose content showed a decrease at 15:00 h. Also, on the second date, the concentrations of starch were always lower for DP compared to HP. It is suggested that this variation in starch levels might be related to energy availability in DP, as they also showed lower photosynthetic rates. Soluble sugars did not show any correlation with the disease and photosynthetic parameters.

scholarly journals Overexpression of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase Enhanced Sucrose Content and Biomass Production in Transgenic Sugarcane

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risky Mulana Anur ◽  
Nurul Mufithah ◽  
Widhi Dyah Sawitri ◽  
Hitoshi Sakakibara ◽  
Bambang Sugiharto
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Transgenic Sugarcane ◽  
Soluble Acid Invertase ◽  
Sugarcane Yield ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Synthase

Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) is a key enzyme in sucrose synthesis, which controls sucrose content in plants. This study was designed to examine the efficacy of the overexpression of SoSPS1 gene on sucrose accumulation and carbon partitioning in transgenic sugarcane. The overexpression of SoSPS1 gene increased SPS activity and sucrose content in transgenic sugarcane leaves. More importantly, the overexpression enhanced soluble acid invertase (SAI) activity concomitant with the increase of glucose and fructose levels in the leaves, whereas sucrose synthase activity exhibited almost no change. In the stalk, a similar correlation was observed, but a higher correlation was noted between SPS activity and sugar content. These results suggest that SPS overexpression has both direct and indirect effects on sugar concentration and SAI activity in sugarcane. In addition, SPS overexpression resulted in a significant increase in plant height and stalk number in some transgenic lines compared to those in non-transgenic control. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that enhancing SPS activity is a useful strategy for improving sugarcane yield.

Loss of cane and sugar yield resulting from Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner damage in cane-growing regions in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.F. Li ◽  
R.Y. Zhang ◽  
Y.K. Huang ◽  
C.H. Pu ◽  
J. Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Ceratovacuna Lanigera

AbstractCeratovacuna lanigera Zehntner is a major leaf pest of sugarcane. Widely distributed, it affects both the yield and quality of sugarcane in China. This study aimed to assess real yield and sugar yield losses, and the effect of C. lanigera damage on emergence of newly planted and ratoon cane under current production levels. Field experiments were carried out from 2014 to 2016 in Yunnan Province China. At maturity, plants were harvested and weighed to determine yield, and the effect on sugarcane quality and sucrose content analyzed. Real yield decreased by average of 46,185 kg hm−2 (range: 37,545–61,845 kg hm−2) in damaged versus undamaged areas, with an average yield loss rate of 35.9% (28.5–45.7%). Juice yield decreased by an average of 3.01% (2.4–4.13%) and sucrose content by 6.38% (5.48–8.16%). Juice brix decreased by an average of 7.66°BX (6.95–9.05°BX) and juice gravity purity by 12.35% (8.43–19.97%). In contrast, the reducing sugar content increased by an average of 1.21% (1.01–1.3%). Emergence rates of newly planted cane decreased by an average of 26.0% (24.7–27.3%). The emergence number of ratoon cane decreased by 66,834 hm2 (57,429–76,238 hm−2) and relative emergence loss rates of ratoon cane decreased by an average of 57.8% (57.6–58.0%). These findings confirm that C. lanigera damage severely affects sugarcane yield and quality in Yunnan Province. The results will help the implementation of effective control measures, thereby supporting sustainable development of the Chinese sugar industry.

scholarly journals The Influence of 1-Triacontanol on the Growth, Flowering, and Quality of PottedBougainvilleaPlants (Bougainvillea glabravar. “Elizabeth Angus”) under Natural Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker ◽  
Golam Faruq ◽  
M. Motior Rahman ◽  
M. Sofian-Azirun ◽  
Amru Nasrulhaq Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flower Bud

Selected physiological and biochemical parameters were monitored at the vegetative and reproductive growth stages in pottedBougainvilleaplants treated with five different concentrations of TRIA. Advanced flowering, flower bud number, and blooming rate increased significantly with 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L TRIA treatments. Similarly, photosynthetic rate, pigment content, quantum yield, and stomatal conductance increased significantly with 2.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/L TRIA treatments. Higher levels of N, P, and K, as well as increased total soluble solids (TSS) and higher sugar and protein contents, were recorded in treated plants. Furthermore, 46% more flowers, a 1.5-fold increase in bract weight, increased longevity, and 40% less leaf abscission were recorded following 2.5 mg/L TRIA treatment. Phenol and flavonoid contents, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and antioxidant activities were also markedly increased with 2.5 and 1.0 mg/L TRIA treatments. However, ethylene production was significantly lower in the treated plants. Positive correlations were observed between leaf TSS and flowering time and flower number, between leaf sugar content and bract weight, and between net photosynthesis and bract growth and dry matter production. It can be concluded that the foliar spray of TRIA stimulates growth, enhances flowering, and improves the quality of pottedBougainvilleaplants.

scholarly journals Biochemical Profiling of Source and Sink Tissues at Different Growth Stages of Early and Late Maturing Varieties of Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indu Verma ◽  
Kriti Roopendra ◽  
Amaresh Chandra ◽  
Aisha Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Distinct Source ◽  
Sucrose Storage ◽  
Sink Demand ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Source And Sink

Sugarcane being C4 crop exhibits distinct source-sink signaling pathway that helps in storing remarkably high amount of sucrose in its sink tissues that makes it a highly remunerable crop worldwide. In the present study sugar content was profiled in both source and sink tissues of early (CoJ64) and late (BO91) maturing sugarcane varieties. At early growth stage (i.e. at 210 DAP) sink tissues of both varieties exhibited higher reducing sugar and low sucrose content while in source tissues both sucrose and reducing sugar content was observed high, depicted lower sink demand for sucrose. With maturity, when sink demand for sucrose storage increased, rise in sucrose content was seen in sink tissues, whereas in source tissues gradual decrease in sucrose and reducing sugar content was observed. Accumulation of sucrose was found much higher in CoJ64 than those in BO91. In CoJ64 maximum sucrose content (64.2%) was seen at 330 DAP while in BO91 it was 41.8% at 390 DAP. At this stage, source tissues too exhibited higher sucrose and reducing sugar content. Thus sucrose synthesis in source tissues and its transportation to the sink tissues is primarily governed by the sink demand.

LUMINESCENT DETERMINATION OF SUGAR IN NATURAL HONEY

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
B.M. GAREEV ◽  
◽  
A.M. ABDRAKHMANOV ◽  
G.L. SHARIPOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Photoluminescence Intensity ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Natural Honey

The photoluminescence of carbon quantum dots synthesized from natural honey and mixtures of honey and sugar has been studied. An increase in the sugar content leads to a decrease in the photoluminescence intensity without changing the shape of the luminescence spectrum of these quantum dots aqueous solutions, which is associated with a decrease in the yield of their synthesis in the sugar presence. The discovered effect can be used to detect sugar in honey. When examining five different market samples of flower honey using this method, two of them showed a significant decrease in the photoluminescence intensity. A laboratory test for compliance with GOST 19792-2017 Standard requirements established an excess of the sucrose content in these samples. Luminescent determination of sugar in honey does not require complicated equipment and can be used to develop a new analytical method for determining the sugar content in counterfeit natural honey.

Inter-row Cultivation Timing Effects on Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Control and Sugarbeet Yield and Quality

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Nathan H. Haugrud ◽  
Thomas J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Control Practice ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Weed Emergence

Abstract The invasion of waterhemp into northern sugarbeet growing regions has prompted producers to re-integrate inter-row cultivation into weed management programs as no currently registered herbicides can control glyphosate-resistant waterhemp POST in crop. Inter-row cultivation was a common weed control practice in sugarbeet until the release of glyphosate-resistant sugarbeet cultivars in 2008 made the use of inter-row cultivation unnecessary. In the late 2010s, producers began again to use inter-row cultivation to remove weeds that glyphosate did not control, but producers need information on the effectiveness and safety of inter-row cultivation when used with soil residual herbicide programs. Efficacy and tolerance field experiments were conducted in Minnesota and North Dakota from 2017 to 2019. Results from the efficacy experiment demonstrated cultivation improved waterhemp control 11% and 12%, 14 and 28 DAT, respectively. Waterhemp response to cultivation was dependent on crop canopy and precipitation after cultivation. Cultivation had minimal effect on waterhemp density in three environments, but at one environment, near Galchutt, ND in 2019, waterhemp density increased 600% and 196%, 14 and 28 DAT, respectively. Climate data indicated Galchutt, ND in 2019 received 105 mm of precipitation in the 14 days following cultivation and had an open crop canopy which likely contributed to further weed emergence. Results from the tolerance experiment demonstrated root yield and recoverable sucrose were not affected by cultivation timing or number of cultivations. In one environment, cultivating reduced sucrose content by 0.8% regardless of date or cultivation number, but no differences were found in three environments. In-season cultivation can damage/destroy leaf tissue which is likely responsible for the reduction in sucrose content. Results indicate cultivation can be a valuable tool to control weeds that herbicide cannot, but excessive rainfall and open crop canopy following cultivation can create an environment conducive to further weed emergence.

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