scholarly journals Risk Perception and PTSD Symptoms of Medical Staff Combating Against COVID-19: A PLS Structural Equation Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianlan Yin ◽  
Aibin Chen ◽  
Xiangrui Song ◽  
Guanhui Deng ◽  
Wei Dong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms

Medical staff were battling against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the expense of their physical and mental health, particularly at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this case, intervening PTSD of medical staff and preparing them for future outbreaks are important. Previous studies showed that perceived stress was related to the development of PTSD. Hence, in this study, the association between risk perception of medical staff and PTSD symptoms in COVID-19 and the potential links were explored. Three hundred four medical staff's exposure to COVID-19 patients, risk perception for working during COVID-19, PTSD symptoms, anxiety, and sleep quality were measured. Mediation analysis tested the indirect effects of anxiety and sleep quality on the relationship between risk perceptions and PTSD symptoms; 27.6% of participants were deemed as having probable PTSD diagnosis. Mediation analysis showed a significant chain-mediating effect of anxiety and sleep quality on the relationships between risk perceptions and PTSD symptoms; higher risk perceptions were related to increased anxiety, worsened sleep quality, and severe PTSD symptoms. Conclusively, medical staff have a high prevalence of PTSD symptoms after 3 months of COVID-19. Their PTSD symptoms were associated with the perceived risk level through the potential links with anxiety and sleep quality. Therefore, risk perception could be critical for our medical staff's responses to public health emergencies. It could be plausible to intervene in the perceived stress to alleviate aroused anxiety and improve sleep quality and thereby deter the development of PTSD.

Perception of Knowledge of the Risk of the COVID -19 Pandemic Regarding Touring Intentions and Tourism Travel Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Rudyanto RUDYANTO ◽  
Rudy PRAMONO ◽  
Juliana JULIANA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Risks

Tourists consider the costs, energy, and safety of the COVID-19 pandemic that is currently hitting the world globally. Tourism travel is expected to remain the primary choice for economic recovery and improving family relations. This study uses Respondent-Driven Sampling and Snowball Sampling to collect 432 respondents via social media and the internet. This study used a structural equation model (SEM) to examine risk perceptions of risk-averse attitudes by mediating knowledge of pandemic risk, tourism travel, and travel intentions. The results showed that most of the prospective tourists showed a preference for tourism. Tourists pay attention to the dangers of performance, costs, time, tourism destinations, while the social-psychological risks posed by the COVID-19 pandemic have a low impact. The nature and behaviour of tourists to avoid pandemic risk cause pandemic risk to be less effective in reducing tourists' intention to travel. Understanding pandemic risk effectively reduces risk perceptions that potential tourists have on tourism travel. The purpose of travelling and the intent to recommend tourism travel harms risk avoidance attitudes higher than the risk perception of a pandemic. All tourism travel stakeholders must consider the mediating effect of risk perception and risk aversion attitudes in tourism.

scholarly journals Gender as moderator of the influence of tourists’ risk perception on destination image and visit intentions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Rosa Carballo ◽  
Carmelo Javier León ◽  
María Magdalena Carballo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioural Intentions ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to study the influence of gender on the theoretical and empirical relationships between tourists’ risk perceptions and both destination image and behavioural intentions. Design/methodology/approach An empirical study was carried out with potential tourists at home in Germany and the UK considering travelling to Spain, Egypt, Morocco, Brazil, Colombia and Indonesia. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling with multi-group analysis. Findings Results show that gender moderates the theoretical relationships between risk perception and both destination image and behavioural intentions. Risk perception is higher for women than for men and depends on the type of risks and the characteristics of the destination. Women are more likely than men to reduce their visit to a destination whenever there is an increase in their risk perceptions. However, the influence of risk perception on destination image is higher for men than for women. Thus, results prove there are significant gender differences in the theoretical relationships between risk perceptions and destination image and visiting intentions. Originality/value This paper provides new evidence on the gender differences in risk perceptions in tourism and their impact on destination image and visiting intentions, showing that whenever there are higher risks at a tourist destination women do change more than men their behavioural intentions. The results are useful for designing risk management and promotion policies at destinations that avoid the masculinisation bias, thereby considering the impact of gender differences on travel behaviour and consumption decisions.

Mediating Effect of C-reactive Protein and Aspartate Aminotransferase on Diabetes Mellitus and Myocardial Infarction Risk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Miao-miao Jiang ◽  
Sang Hu ◽  
Chang Su ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The relationship between diabetes and myocardial infarction has always been the focus of research, but it is not clear whether the DM-MI association is direct or mediated by other factors. Our hypothesis is that part of the risk of MI in DM patients may be mediated by CRP and AST. We examined this hypothesis in the mediation analysis and tried to assess the extent to which CRP and AST could explain the MI risk caused by DM.Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 130 patients with MI and 130 patients with no-MI. We compared the relevant biochemical indicators of MI and no-MI patients, and applied mediation analysis to test the association of CRP and AST with DM-MI Potential adjustment effect.Results: The study found that individuals who suffered MI were more likely to have DM as compared with Non-MI (OR = 2.117, 95%CI = 1.130-4.195, P = 0.020), and CRP and AST are positively correlated with the occurrence of MI, For every unit increase in CRP and AST levels, the risk level of MI Significantly increased by 1%, 3.1% respectively. The direct effect of DM and MI is 0.847, the mediating effect of CRP is 7.69% of the total effect, and the mediating effect of AST is 52.79% of the total effect. The mediation effect of the CRP-AST path is 0.386, accounting for 12.36% of the total effect. In the mediation model we verified, CRP and AST play a part of the mediation effect between DM with MI, and the total mediation effect accounts for 72.84%.Conclusions: CRP and AST play an important role in the risk of DM-induced MI. This provides evidence for the mechanism and is of great significance for the exploration of therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals PTSD Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Study Raises Concern for Non-medical Staff in Low-Risk Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruike Zhang ◽  
Tianya Hou ◽  
Xiangyu Kong ◽  
Guibin Wang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of sleep quality and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms of healthcare workers (HCWs) and identify the determinants for PTSD symptoms among HCWs in high-risk and low-risk areas during the COVID-19 outbreak in China.Methods: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Impact of Event Scale were used to assess sleep quality and symptoms of PTSD of 421 Chinese HCWs, respectively, from January 30 to March 2, 2020. The influencing factors of PTSD symptoms were identified by univariate analysis and multiple regression.Results: The incidence of HCWs getting PTSD symptoms were 13.2%. HCWs from high-risk areas had significantly poorer sleep quality (p < 0.001). Poor sleep quality was the risk factor of PTSD symptoms for HCWs from high-risk (p = 0.018) and low-risk areas (p < 0.001). Furthermore, non-medical staff were found to be the risk factor for PTSD symptoms only in low-risk areas.Discussion: HCWs in Hubei had poorer sleep quality. Non-medical HCWs from low-risk areas were associated with more severe PTSD symptoms. Mental health programs should be considered for HCWs, especially those who are often overlooked.

scholarly journals Association of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria With Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents: A Mediation Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhou Huang ◽  
Yi Xiao ◽  
Danrong Jing ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Jianglin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Effect Model

Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is related to psychiatric comorbidities. It is not clear whether the relationship is affected by modifiable factors.Objectives: To investigate whether the effect of CSU on anxiety and depression in adolescents is mediated by the symptoms of itching and sleep disturbance.Methods: Questionnaire survey was conducted among newly enrolled college students. Dermatologists diagnose skin diseases, including CSU, during health examination. Anxiety and depression were measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire, respectively. Sleep quality was measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The symptoms of itching were measured by the numeric rating scale. According to the hypothesis, the mediating effect model was put forward and the structural equation model is used to build the mediation effect model. The mediation effect model was proposed according to the hypothesis and established using a structural equation model.Results: A total of 2,358 students with no history of systemic disease and no pruritus disease (except CSU) were included in the analysis. A total of 393 CSU patients were included, and 1,965 healthy controls were selected based on age and sex matching. CSU was significantly associated with both anxiety and depression when the symptoms of itching and sleep quality were not modeled. A mediation model was proposed as CSU → itching → sleep disturbance → anxiety or depression. Itching and sleep quality mediated 65.4 and 77.6% of CSU's effects on anxiety and depression, respectively, and CSU had no significant direct effect on anxiety or depression in the mediation models.Conclusions: The associations of CSU with anxiety and depression were mediated by the symptoms of itching and sleep disturbance. Effectively reducing the symptoms of itching thereby could increase natural sleep, which can further treat the emotional disorders among patients with CSU.

scholarly journals Parental health risk perceptions and preventive measures related to Children’s second-hand cigarette smoke exposure in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suria JUNUS ◽  
Chii-Chii CHEW ◽  
Pravin SUGUNAN ◽  
Nurul-Fazlin MEOR-AZIZ ◽  
Nurul Ain ZAINAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoking Restriction ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Shs Exposure

Abstract Background Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure can affect physical development in children. An understanding of parental risk perception of SHS could guide efforts to develop measures for prevention of SHS exposure among children. This study aimed to assess parental risk perceptions of SHS and action taken by parents to minimise SHS exposure in their children. Methods This cross-sectional nationwide study conducted in 2018 recruited convenience sample of 289 parents with children up to age 12 at public areas. Parents were asked to rate the risk level from 1 (no risk) to 5 (extremely high risk) by looking at photographs of an adult smoking in the presence of a child in 8 different situations. The implementation of smoking restriction rules was assessed. Mean scores were calculated with higher scores representing higher risk perception of SHS to child’s health. Linear regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with the level of parental risk perception of SHS exposure to their children’s health. Results A total of 246 parents responded. Their mean age was 35 years (SD 6.4). The majority were mothers (75.6%), Malays (72.0%) and had tertiary education level (82.5%), and non-smoker (87.1%). The mean age of respondents’ youngest child was 3 years (SD 3.1). The risk perception level was high [mean scores: 4.11 (SD: 0.82)]. Most parents implemented household (65.0%) and car (68.3%) smoking restriction rules. Lower levels of risk perception were observed among participants who were current smokers (p < 0.001), lived with a smoker (p < 0.001), allowed household smoking with an open window (p = 0.027). Conclusion Most parents perceived that risks of SHS exposure to their children were high but only two-thirds of them had set rules prohibiting smoking. Health policymakers should pay attention to factors associated with lower risk perception among parents. Trial registration This study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health Malaysia (Registration Number: NMRR-18-3299-44967).

scholarly journals Mediating Effect of Perceived Stress on the Association between Physical Activity and Sleep Quality among Chinese College Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Zhai ◽  
Na Wu ◽  
Sakura Koriyama ◽  
Can Wang ◽  
Mengyao Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
College Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
Pharmaceutical Therapy

Background: While physical activity has been reported to positively affect stress and sleep quality, less is known about the potential relationships among them. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of stress on the association between physical activity and sleep quality in Chinese college students, after controlling for age, nationality, and tobacco and alcohol use. Participants: The sample comprised 6973 college students representing three Chinese universities. Methods: Physical activity, perceived stress, and sleep quality were respectively measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form (IPAQ-SF), Perceived Stress Scale—10 Items (PSS-10), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: Mediating effects of perceived stress on the association between physical activity and sleep quality were observed in males and females, with 42.4% (partial mediating effect) and 306.3% (complete mediating effect) as percentages of mediation, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study may provide some suggestions that physical activity could improve sleep by aiding individuals in coping with stress and indicate that stress management might be an effective non-pharmaceutical therapy for sleep improvement.

scholarly journals Risk Perception and Protective Behaviors During the Rise of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Savadori ◽  
Marco Lauriola
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Social Closeness ◽  
Cultural Worldviews

Risk perception is important in determining health-protective behavior. During the rise of the COVID-19 epidemic, we tested a comprehensive structural equation model of risk perception to explain adherence to protective behaviors in a crisis context using a survey of 572 Italian citizens. We identified two categories of protective behaviors, labeled promoting hygiene and cleaning, and avoiding social closeness. Social norms and risk perceptions were the more proximal antecedents of both categories. Cultural worldviews, affect, and experience of COVID-19 were the more distal predictors. Promoting hygiene and cleaning was triggered by the negative affective attitude toward coronavirus and mediated by an affective appraisal of risk. The deliberate dimension of risk perception (perceived likelihood) predicted only avoiding social closeness. Social norms predicted both types of behaviors and mediated the relations of cultural worldviews. Individualism (vs. communitarianism), more than hierarchy (vs. egalitarianism), shaped the affective evaluation of coronavirus. The model was an acceptable fit to the data and accounted for 20% and 29% of the variance in promoting hygiene and cleaning, and avoiding social closeness, respectively. The findings were robust to the effect of sociodemographic factors (age, gender, education, socioeconomic status, and zone of the country). Taken together, our findings confirmed the empirical distinction between affective and deliberate processes in risk perception, supported the validity of the affect heuristic, and highlighted the role of social norms as an account for why individualistic people were less likely to follow the prescribed health-protective behaviors. Implications for risk communication are discussed.

scholarly journals Model Peningkatan Loyalitas Nasabah Internet Banking Berbasis Persepsi Resiko, Persepsi Privasi dimediasi Kepercayaan dan Kepuasan Nasabah

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ras Muis ◽  
Muhammad Fahmi ◽  
Muhammad Andi Prayogi ◽  
Jufrizen Jufrizen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Internet Banking ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Customer Trust ◽  
The City

This study aims to examine the factors that influence internet banking customer loyalty in Medan City. The location of this research was carried out at several banks in the city of Medan. The population in this study were all bank customers who use internet banking and the total sample was 175 customers. Researchers used the Structural Equation Modeling assisted by the Lisrel 8.80 program in this research. The results showed that risk perceptions have a negatif and significant effect on customer satisfaction and customer trust. Perception of Privacy has a positive and significant effect on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Trust. Satisfaction has a positive and significant impact on Customer Trust. Perception of risk has a negatif and significant effect on customer loyalty. Perception of Privacy has a positive and insignificant effect on Customer Loyalty. Satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on Customer Loyalty and Trust Has a positive and significant effect on Customer Loyalty. Satisfaction and trust can negatifly mediate the effect of Risk Perception on Customer Loyalty. Satisfaction and trust can positively mediate the effect of Perceptions of Privacy on Customer Loyalty. Trust Satisfaction can positively mediate the effect of satisfaction on Customer Loyalty 

scholarly journals COVID-19 Uncertainty and Sleep: The Roles of Perceived Stress and Intolerance of Uncertainty during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wu ◽  
Tingzhong Yang ◽  
Daniel Hall ◽  
Guihua Jiao ◽  
Can Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background. The COVID-19 pandemic brings unprecedented uncertainty and stress. This study aimed to characterize sleep behaviors among Chinese residents during the early stage of the outbreak and to test the extent to which sleep quality was driven by COVID-19 uncertainty, intolerance of uncertainty, and perceived stress. Methods. A cross-sectional correlational survey was conducted online. A total of 2,534 Chinese residents were recruited from February 7 to 14, 2020, the third week of lockdown. Self-report measures assessed uncertainty about COVID-19, intolerance of uncertainty, perceived stress, and sleep quality. Structural equation modeling was applied to test the relationships among uncertainty about COVID-19, intolerance of uncertainty, perceived stress, and sleep quality. Results. Sleep disturbance was common, with approximately half of participants (47.1%) reporting going to bed after 12:00am, 23.0% taking 30 minutes or longer to fall asleep, and 30.3% sleeping a total of 7 hours or less. Higher uncertainty about COVID-19 was significantly positively correlated with higher intolerance of uncertainty (r = 0.506, p < 0.001). Uncertainty about COVID-19 had a weak direct effect on poor sleep (β = 0.043, p < 0.05); however, there was a robust indirect effect on poor sleep through intolerance of uncertainty (β = 0.506, p < 0.001) and perceived stress (β = 0.479, p < 0.001). Conclusions. These findings suggest that intolerance of uncertainty and perceived stress are critical targets for reducing sleep disturbance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the sustained uncertainties and challenges managing COVID-19, it is likely that, if unmanaged, COVID-19 related uncertainty will persist and continue to impact sleep outcomes.

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