scholarly journals Risk and Protective Factors of Lifetime Cocaine-Associated Chest Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgile Clergue-Duval ◽  
Louise Nicolas-Sacy ◽  
Emily Karsinti ◽  
El-Hadi Zerdazi ◽  
Jean-Louis Laplanche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Amphetamine Use ◽  
Cocaine Users

Introduction: Cocaine users often present with repetitive events of cocaine-associated chest pain (CACP), clinically resembling acute coronary syndromes. The aim of the study is to describe the specific risk factors for CACP.Method: Cocaine users (n = 316) were recruited for a multicenter cross-sectional study. Lifetime CACP history, sociodemographic factors, and lifetime use of cocaine and other substances were assessed. Thirty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NOS3, ROCK2, EDN1, GUCY1A3, and ALDH2 genes, suggested by the literature on coronary spasms, were selected. The associations with CACP history were tested using the chi-square test, Student's t-test and logistic regression.Results: Among the 316 subjects [78.5% men, mean age 37.5 years, (standard-deviation ±8.7)], 190 (60.1%) were daily cocaine users and 103 (32.6%) reported a lifetime CACP history. Among those with a lifetime CACP history, the median was 10 events per individual. In multivariate analysis, lifetime CACP history was associated with daily cocaine use [odds-ratio (OR) 3.24; 95% confidence intervals (1.29–9.33)], rapid route of cocaine use [OR 2.33 (1.20–4.64) vs. intranasal use], and lifetime amphetamine use [daily amphetamine use: OR 2.80 (1.25–6.32) and non-daily amphetamine use: OR 2.14 (1.15–4.04) vs. never used]. Patients with lifetime opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) reported significantly less lifetime CACP history [OR 0.35 (0.16–0.76)]. None of the selected SNPs was associated with CACP history after multiple testing corrections.Conclusions: Clinical variables describing the intensity of stimulant use were positively associated with lifetime CACP history, while OMT was negatively associated with it. Specific harm reduction strategies can target these risk factors.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Inadequate Bowel Preparation for Screening Colonoscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2740
Author(s):  
Efrat L. Amitay ◽  
Tobias Niedermaier ◽  
Anton Gies ◽  
Michael Hoffmeister ◽  
Hermann Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bowel Preparation ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Screening Practice ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Inadequate Bowel Preparation

The success of a colonoscopy in detecting and removing pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions depends heavily on the quality of bowel preparation. Despite efforts, 20–44% of colonoscopy participants have an inadequate bowel preparation. We aimed to assess and compare risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation and for the presence of advanced colorectal neoplasms in routine screening practice. In this cross-sectional study, among 8125 participants of screening colonoscopy in Germany with a comprehensive assessment of sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and medical history, we examined factors associated with inadequate bowel preparation and with findings of advanced neoplasms using adjusted log-binomial regression models. Among the identified risk factors assessed, three factors were identified that were significantly associated with inadequate bowel preparation: age ≥ 70 years (adjusted prevalence ratios, aPR, 1.50 95%CI 1.31–1.71), smoking (aPR 1.29 95%CI 1.11–1.50) and abdominal symptoms (aPR 1.14 95%CI 1.02–1.27). The same risk factors were also associated with the prevalence of advanced neoplasms in our study (aPR 1.72, 1.62 and 1.44, respectively). The risk factors associated with inadequate bowel preparation in this study were also associated with a higher risk for advanced neoplasms. Inadequate bowel preparation for colonoscopy might lead to missed colorectal cancer (CRC) precursors and the late diagnosis of CRC. People at high risk of advanced neoplasms are in particular need of enhanced bowel preparation.

scholarly journals Arterial hypertension in the elderly accompanied in primary care: profile and associated factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Breno de Sousa Santana ◽  
Bárbara Soares Rodrigues ◽  
Marina Morato Stival ◽  
Cris Renata Grou Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Federal District ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elderly Hypertensive

Abstract Objective: to analyze blood pressure control in elderly hypertensives accompanied by a Basic Health Unit of the Federal District, determining the sociodemographic profile and the associated risk factors. Method: this is a cross-sectional study with 133 elderly hypertensive patients. Variables related to sociodemographic factors, life habits, clinical factors and adherence to drug therapy were evaluated through the application of semistructured instruments and validated scales. Results with p <0.05 were considered significant. Results: the elderly presented controlled blood pressure (56.4%) predominantly. The majority of the participants were female and women also had a higher rate of uncontrolled blood pressure (86.2%). Older age was associated with higher blood pressure values (p = 0.031). Alcoholism (p = 0.020) and mean body mass index of 33.0 (p <0.000) were factors associated with hypertension adherence to therapy had more controlled values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion and implications for the practice: it was verified that there is a strong association between the risk factors discussed and the lack of control of the blood pressure of elderly hypertensive, especially with regard to advanced age, alcoholism, obesity and overweight, and it is necessary to reorient the planning and strategies of promotion of health and prevention of diseases directed at the elderly hypertensive in the scope of primary health care.

scholarly journals Risk factors for cesarean section by category of health service

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Andrés Mendoza-Sassi ◽  
Juraci Almeida Cesar ◽  
Patricia Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Giovana Denardin ◽  
Mariana Mendes Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Social Demographic

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the rate of cesarean section and differences in risk factors by category of health service, either public or private. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out including all pregnant women in labor admitted to hospitals in the city of Rio Grande, Southern Brazil, between January 1 and December 31, 2007. A pre-coded and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect on social, demographic, obstetric and newborn care information. Two regression models were constructed: one for public users and the other one for private ones. Poisson regression was used in each model in the multivariate analysis. Prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each adjusted factor. RESULTS: The rate of cesarean section was 43% and 86% among public and private users. Sociodemographic factors and twin births have a more significant impact among public users as well as number of pregnancies (25% vs. 13% reduction in public and private users, respectively) and previous cesarean section (86% vs. 24% increase in public and private users, respectively). Prenatal care visits and hospital admissions affected the outcome only in women users of public services. CONCLUSIONS: Cesarean section rates were high in both groups studied, but it was twice as high among women cared in the private sector. Associated factors differ in magnitude by category of service used.

scholarly journals Low knowledge of osteoporosis and its risk factors in urban Indian adults from Pune city, India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Kadam ◽  
Shashi Chiplonkar ◽  
Anuradha Khadilkar ◽  
Vaman Khadilkar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Indian Men

AbstractObjectiveTo assess knowledge of osteoporosis and its risk factors and to explore associations between knowledge and various sociodemographic factors in Indian adults.DesignCross-sectional study. The Revised Osteoporosis Knowledge Test (OKT) was used to assess knowledge of osteoporosis. Four scores (OKT-total, range 0–32; OKT-exercise, range 0–20; OKT-nutrition, range 0–26; OKT-risk factors, range 0–14) were generated by giving 1 point to every correct answer and 0 points for incorrect or ‘not known’ answers.SettingTertiary-care hospital in Pune city, India.ParticipantsAdults aged 40–75 years (n477; 234 males) enrolled through voluntary routine health checks and health camps.ResultsMean age of the study population was 54·6 (sd9·5) years. Half the participants were aware of osteoporosis and could correctly define it. Women showed significantly higher median OKT-total and OKT-nutrition scores than men (P&lt;0·05). Those with higher education and higher socio-economic status had significantly higher scores in both men and women (P&lt;0·05). All four scores were significantly higher in both men and women who could correctly define osteoporosis (P&lt;0·05). All four scores were significantly higher in women with a family history of osteoporosis (P&lt;0·05) but not in men (P&gt;0·1).ConclusionsUnderstanding about osteoporosis and its risk factors is low in the present cohort of Indian men and women. There is need to create awareness programmes aimed at both men and women especially targeting those with lower education, lower socio-economic status and no previous exposure to osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Correlates Between Health Beliefs and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profiles in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome in Taiwan

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue-Hsien Chen ◽  
Shu-Ching Chen ◽  
Yo-Ping Lai ◽  
Pin-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Tzu-Yun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Health Promoting Lifestyle

Differences in sociodemographic variables, health beliefs, and a healthy lifestyle all contribute to the varied prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We investigated the associations among MetS-related risk factors and performed a cross-sectional study, recruiting 1741 Taiwanese residents aged ≥30 years, between August 2014 and August 2015. Data were obtained on sociodemographic factors, health beliefs, and health-promoting lifestyle profiles using questionnaires. Multivariate analysis revealed that age ≥65 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.17), low educational level (OR = 1.46), body mass index ≥24 kg/m2 (OR = 9.00), more health responsibility (OR = 1.08), and less exercise (OR = 0.924) were independent risk factors for MetS development. A correlation existed between health beliefs and health-promoting lifestyle profiles, suggesting that the establishment of an effective health-promoting program should consider participants’ health beliefs.

scholarly journals The Association between Risk Factors and Prodromal Myocardial Infarction Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lida Soltani ◽  
Sakine Sabzevari ◽  
Ali Ravari ◽  
Tayebeh Mirzaei ◽  
Behnaz Bagherian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Myocardial Infarction Symptoms

BACKGROUND: Prodromal symptoms in individuals with risk factors remain challenging, even though myocardial infarction has been noted in research. This study determined the association of risk factors with patients’ baseline myocardial infarction related prodromal symptoms.METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 154 Iranian men and women, mean age 59.62 ± 12.74 years were assessed in 2016–2017. The frequency besides severity of 33 prodromal symptoms and risk factors was assessed using McSweeney Prodromal Myocardial Infarction Symptom Survey.RESULTS: The main cardiac prodromal symptoms experienced by patients were chest pain/discomfort (n = 99, 64.30%), unusual fatigue (n = 78, 50.60%), and sleep disturbance (n = 33, 20.40%). Women experienced more prodromal symptoms than men (33.26 ± 21.88 vs. 25.48 ± 17.75). Among risk factors, only sex was associated with prodromal symptoms score (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: The frequently experienced prodromal symptoms, i.e., before MI were chest pain/discomfort, unusual fatigue, and sleep disturbance. A crucial finding was the significant association between sex and prodromal symptoms. Identifying prodromal symptoms in patients with risk factors can prevent the incidence of myocardial infarction. 

Women's Perception of Cervical Cancer and Its Prevention in Rural Laos

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keokedthong Phongsavan ◽  
Alongkone Phengsavanh ◽  
Rolf Wahlström ◽  
Lena Marions
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background:Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer of women in the world, and it becomes a major cause of cancer mortality in low-income countries. Currently, little is known regarding cervical cancer incidence in Laos, although it is anticipated to be high like in neighboring countries. To be able to develop a screening program in the country, it is essential to explore women's perception of the disease. The purpose of this study was therefore to describe knowledge, awareness, and attitudes regarding cervical cancer among rural women of Laos.Methods:In a descriptive cross-sectional study, women were interviewed using a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic factors, knowledge of the disease and its risk factors, awareness, and attitudes toward cervical cancer and its prevention.Results:Eight hundred women were included in the study, and 58% claimed to know about cervical cancer. Approximately one third (38%) considered themselves to be at risk, but less than 5% had ever had a Papanicolau test. Sixty-two percent believed it was possible to prevent cervical cancer and that vaccination may be a suitable method, but only 14% know about risk factors. Another method for prevention was frequent vaginal douching, which was suggested by 70% of the women. Symptoms like bleeding and discharge were correctly identified as possible indicators of cervical cancer, but only 57 women (7%) knew that an early stage of the disease could be symptom-free. Lack of subjective symptoms was the main reason for women to refrain from gynecological examinations.Conclusions:This study indicates that rural women in Laos have limited knowledge about cervical cancer and even less about screening and prevention. There is a need to educate the general community about the disease and its prevention.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Intestinal Schistosomiasis and Associated Factors among School Children in Wondo District, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mustafa Geleto Ansha ◽  
Kemal Ahmed Kuti ◽  
Ephrem Girma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. Human schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases caused by Schistosoma mansoni. Children in the developing countries live in areas with poor sanitation and most often spend time swimming or bathing in the water bodies contaminated with cercariae, the infective stages of schistosomiasis, which results in growth retardation and poor school performance. Thus, having effective control of the disease requires assessment of prevalence and risk factors. Objective. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of S. mansoni and its associated factors among primary schoolchildren in Wondo district, West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out between January and March 2018. Stool samples from 298 schoolchildren, who were selected by simple random sampling, were examined for the ova of S. mansoni using Kato–Katz technique. Information on sociodemographic factors and other risk factors was obtained using questionnaires. The data were cleaned, coded, and entered into SPSS 22.0 statistical software and analyzed. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with S. mansoni infection. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated, and the level of significance was declared at p values of less than 0.05. The result was presented using tables, figures, and text form. Result. A total of 298 study participants were involved in this study resulting in a response rate of 96.4% (298/309). The prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 11.4% (34/298). The prevalence was 8% (12/140) among males while it was 13% (22/158) among females. Swimming in rivers or ponds (AOR: 9.592; 95% CI: 1.972–46.655; P=0.005), latrine availability at household level (AOR: 0.075; 95% CI: 0.13–0.422; P=0.003), and awareness about schistosomiasis (AOR: 0.058; 95% CI: 0.004–0.409; P=0.007) were the factors independently associated with S. mansoni infection at p value < 0.05. Conclusion. The prevalence of S. mansoni was moderate as per the World Health Organization standard, since it was in the range of 10%–50%. This implies that schistosomiasis is still among major health problems. Thus, intensified effort is needed to address risk factors contributing to infection and control disease. Additionally, biannual mass drug administration with praziquantel is required according to the WHO standard.

scholarly journals Blood Lead Levels and Associated Sociodemographic Factors among Children Aged 3 to 14 Years Living near Zinc and Lead Mines in Two Provinces in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Thi Giang Hoang ◽  
Quang Phuc Tran ◽  
Van Tung Lo ◽  
Ngoc Hai Doan ◽  
Thu Ha Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional

Lead poisoning in children is a major public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 403 children aged from 3 to 14 years living nearly zinc–lead mining areas in two provinces in Vietnam (Bac Kan and Thai Nguyen) from 06/2016 to 10/2016 to identify risk factors for lead contamination. Results. The proportion of children with blood   lead   levels   BLLs ≥ 10  μg/dL was 80.51% in Bac Kan and 50% in Thai Nguyen; the mean blood lead level for children was 14.41 ± 9.42  μg/dL. In linear regression analyses, the body mass index was negatively associated with elevated BLLs with r = − 0.404 , p < 0.05 (95% CI: -0.801, -0.006). In multivariable regression analysis, several risk factors were associated with lead contamination including male sex ( aOR = 2.44 , 95% CI: 1.13-5.24, p = 0.02 ), play areas in Bac Kan ( aOR = 2.3 (1.02-5.17), p = 0.04 ), proximity of children’s home of less than 2 kilometers from the mine ( aOR = 2.90 (1.54-5.44), p = 0.001 ), and inattentive symptoms in Thai Nguyen ( aOR = 7.85 , 95% CI 3.49-17.69, p = 0.001 ). Environmental factors, including lead concentrations in the soil and ambient air samples in both locations, are many times higher than Vietnamese standards.

scholarly journals Prehospital Events in ST- Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Angioplasty

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (208) ◽  
pp. 421-5
Author(s):  
Sachin Dhungel ◽  
Rabi Malla ◽  
Chandramani Ahikari ◽  
Arun Maskey ◽  
Rajib Rajbhandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Primary Angioplasty ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prehospital Delay ◽  
Emergency Room Patients

Introduction: Pre-hospital delay includes time from onset of symptoms of myocardial infarction till arrival to emergency room of the hospital. This defines time from symptom onset to first medical contact and first medical contact to emergency room. This study aims to study the prehospital events and determining factors in patients undergoing primary angioplasty. Methods: This was a cross sectional study in Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre for three months. Timings of chest pain, first medical contact time, transfer time to hospital and overall pre-hospital time for PCI and risk factors were analysed. Results: There were 79 cases with 66 (83.5%) males and 13 (16.5%) females with mean age 56±11.2 years. Risk factors were 60 (75.9%), smoking, 47 (59.5%) hypertension, 25 (31.6%) diabetes, 22 (27.8%) dyslipidaemia and 16 (20.3%) heart failure. Chest pain was   maximum in 5 to 9 AM. The median prehospital delay was 300 minutes (5.0 hours) of which symptom to first medical contact was 165 minutes and first medical contact to hospital was 80 minutes. The longer median prehospital delay for hypertension, diabetes, female and age ≥50 years and the shorter for male, age less than 50 years, dyslipidemia and heart failure, though not statistically significant. Private transport was the preferred from symptom to first medical contact and ambulance for first medical contact to emergency room. Patients received in ER had aspirin 72 (91.1%), atorvastatin 54 (68.4%) and double anti-platelets 45 (57%). Conclusions: Chest pain was common in morning and the prehospital delay can be minimized by improving time from symptom to first medical contact and first medical contact to Emergency room. Keywords:  cicardian pattern; prehospital delay; ST myocardial infarction.

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